Template:Infobox zirconium

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Zirconium,  40Zr
Zirconium crystal bar and 1cm3 cube.jpg
General properties
Name, symbol zirconium, Zr
Appearance silvery white
Pronunciation /zərˈkniəm/
zər-KOH-ni-əm
Zirconium in the periodic table
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (post-transition metal)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
Ti

Zr

Hf
yttriumzirconiumniobium
Atomic number (Z) 40
Group, block group 4, d-block
Period period 5
Element category   transition metal
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar) 91.224(2)[1]
Electron configuration [Kr] 4d2 5s2
per shell
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Melting point 2128 K ​(1855 °C, ​3371 °F)
Boiling point 4650 K ​(4377 °C, ​7911 °F)
Density near r.t. 6.52 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p. 5.8 g/cm3
Heat of fusion 14 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization 591 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity 25.36 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2639 2891 3197 3575 4053 4678
Atomic properties
Oxidation states 4, 3, 2, 1, −2[2] ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.33
Ionization energies 1st: 640.1 kJ/mol
2nd: 1270 kJ/mol
3rd: 2218 kJ/mol
Atomic radius empirical: 160 pm
Covalent radius 175±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close-packed crystal structure for zirconium
Speed of sound thin rod 3800 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion 5.7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity 22.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity 421 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering paramagnetic[3]
Young's modulus 88 GPa
Shear modulus 33 GPa
Bulk modulus 91.1 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.34
Mohs hardness 5.0
Vickers hardness 820–1800 MPa
Brinell hardness 638–1880 MPa
CAS Number 7440-67-7
History
Naming after zircon, zargun زرگون meaning "gold-colored".
Discovery Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789)
First isolation Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1824)
Most stable isotopes of zirconium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
88Zr syn 83.4 d ε 88Y
γ 0.392D
89Zr syn 78.4 h ε 89Y
β+ 0.902 89Y
γ 0.909D
90Zr 51.45% 90Zr is stable with 50 neutrons
91Zr 11.22% 91Zr is stable with 51 neutrons
92Zr 17.15% 92Zr is stable with 52 neutrons
93Zr trace 1.53×106 y β 0.060 93Nb
94Zr 17.38% >1.1×1017 y (ββ) 1.144 94Mo
96Zr 2.8% 2.0×1019 y[4] ββ 3.348 96Mo
) 96Nb
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
· references

References

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  1. Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
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