Template:Roman–Persian Wars timeline

Timeline of the Roman–Persian Wars
Roman–Parthian Wars
BC
69	First Roman-Parthian contacts, when Lucullus invades southern Armenia.
66–65	Dispute between Pompey and Phraates III over Euphrates boundary.
53	Roman defeat at the Battle of Carrhae.
42–37	A great Parthian invasion of Syria and other Roman territories decisively defeated by Mark Antony and Ventidius.
36–33	Mark Antony's unsuccessful campaign against Parthia. Subsequent campaign in Armenia successful, but followed by withdrawal. Parthians take control of whole region.
20	Settlement with the Parthians by Augustus and Tiberius; return of the standards captured at Carrhae.
AD
36	Defeated by the Romans, Artabanus II renounces his claims to Armenia.
58–63	Roman invasion of Armenia; arrangements made with Parthians over its kingship.
114–117	Major campaign of Trajan against Parthia. Trajan's conquests later abandoned by Hadrian.
161–165	After initial Parthian successes, war over Armenia (161–163) ended by a Roman victory. Avidius Cassius sacks Ctesiphon in 165.
195–197	An offensive under the emperor Septimius Severus leads to the Roman acquisition of northern Mesopotamia.
216–217	Caracalla launches a new war against the Parthians. His successor Macrinus, however, is defeated by them near Nisibis in 217.
Roman–Sassanid Wars
230–232	Ardashir I raids Mesopotamia and Syria, but is eventually repulsed by Alexander Severus.
238–244	Ardashir's invasion of Mesopotamia and Persian defeat at the Battle of Resaena. Gordian III advances along the Euphrates but is repelled near Ctesiphon at the Battle of Misiche in 244.
253	Roman defeat at the Battle of Barbalissos.
c. 258–260	Shapur I defeats and captures Valerian at Edessa.
283	Carus sacks Ctesiphon.
296–298	Roman defeat at Carrhae in 296 or 297. Galerius defeats the Persians in 298.
363	After an initial victory at Battle of Ctesiphon, Julian is killed at the Battle of Samarra.
384	Shapur III and Theodosius I divide Armenia between them.
421–422	Roman retaliation against Bahram's persecution of Christian Persians.
440	Yazdegerd II raids Roman Armenia.
502–506	Anastasius I refuses to support the Persians financially, triggering the Anastasian War. Ends with a seven-year peace treaty.
526–532	Iberian War. Romans victorious at Dara and Satala but defeated at Callinicum. Ends with the treaty of "Eternal Peace".
540–561	Lazic War begins after Persians break the "Eternal Peace" by invading Syria. Ends with the Roman acquisition of Lazica and the signing of a fifty-year peace treaty.
572–591	War for the Caucasus breaks out when Armenians revolt against Sassanid rule. In 589, the Persian general Bahram Chobin raises a rebellion against Hormizd IV. Restoration of Khosrau II, Hormizd's son, by Roman and Persian forces and restoration of Roman rule in northern Mesopotamia (Dara, Martyropolis) followed by expansion into Iberia and Armenia.
602	Khosrau II conquers Mesopotamia after Maurice is assassinated.
611–623	Persians conquer Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Rhodes and enter Anatolia.
626	Unsuccessful Avar–Persian siege of Constantinople
627	Persian defeat at Nineveh.
629	After the Persians agree to withdraw from all occupied territories, Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem.

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