The Other Conquest

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The Other Conquest
(La Otra Conquista)
File:TheOtherConquest.jpg

The Other Conquest (Spanish: La Otra Conquista) is a 2000 Mexican feature film (re-released theatrically in 2007) written and directed by Salvador Carrasco and produced by Alvaro Domingo. Plácido Domingo, the world-renowned tenor, was the executive producer.

The film is a drama about the aftermath of the 1520s Spanish Conquest of Mexico told from the perspective of the indigenous Aztec people. It explores the social, religious, and psychological changes brought about by a historical process of colonization that both defined the American continent. It is regarded by top critics (e.g., Kevin Thomas [1], Richard Nilsen [2], Larry Ratliff [3], among others) as one of the best cinematic explorations on the effects of colonization and also "one of the more astonishing feature film debuts in recent memory" [4]. The Other Conquest depicts the complex fusion that took place between the Catholic faith brought to Mexico by the Spaniards and the Aztec beliefs of the indigenous natives.

Synopsis

It is May 1520 in the vast Aztec Empire, one year after the Spanish Conqueror Hernán Cortés arrived in Mexico. The Other Conquest opens with the infamous massacre of the Aztecs at the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan (what is now called Mexico City). The sacred grounds are covered with the countless bodies of priests and nobility slaughtered by the Spanish armies under Cortés' command. The lone Aztec survivor of the massacre is a young Indian scribe named Topiltzin [toˈpiɬt͡sin] (Damián Delgado). Topiltzin, who is the illegitimate son of the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma, survives the onslaught by burying himself under a stack of bodies. As if awakening from a dream, the young man rises from among the dead to find his mother murdered, the Spanish in power, and the dawn of a new era in his native land - a New World with alien leaders, language, customs... and God. Representing the New Order is the Spanish Friar Diego (José Carlos Rodríguez). His mission is to convert the "savage" natives into "civilized" Christians; to replace their human sacrifices and feathered deities with public Christenings and fealty to the Blessed Virgin Mary. With Topiltzin, Friar Diego faces his most difficult spiritual and personal challenge, for when Topiltzin is captured by Spanish troops and presented to Cortés (Iñaki Aierra), the Spanish Conqueror places Topiltzin's conversion under Friar Diego's care. Old world confronts the New as Topiltzin struggles to preserve his own beliefs, whilst Friar Diego attempts to impose his own. Moreover, throughout the film, a fundamental question arises: Who is really converting whom?

Plot

On November 8, 1519 the Spanish Conqueror Hernando Cortés and his small army rode into the Aztec capital of the vast Aztec Empire, where they were welcomed by the Emperor Moctezuma. Within two years, the Aztec civilization was in a state of collapse, the survivors having lost their families, homes, language, temples... and gods

The Other Conquest opens in May 1520 when Topiltzin (Damián Delgado), a skillful Aztec scribe who is one of Moctezuma's illegitimate sons, survives the Massacre of the Great Temple by hiding under a corpse. After the Spaniards leave the sacred site, he finds his people dead, including his mother.

By 1526, Topiltzin is still striving to preserve the cult of Tonantzin, based upon the Aztec Mother Goddess. When a squadron commanded by Captain Cristóbal (Honorato Magaloni) and Friar Diego (José Carlos Rodríguez) discover the clandestine human sacrifice of a beautiful Aztec princess, two incompatible ways of life come face to face... and violence erupts. Topiltzin manages to escape by making Friar Diego believe he is drawn to the statue of the Virgin Mary that accompanies the Spaniards wherever they go. He is eventually captured and presented to Hernando Cortés (Iñaki Aierra), who has just returned from an ill-fated campaign to Las Hibueras (today's Honduras). In an attempt to create a hybrid empire, Cortés has taken Emperor Moctezuma's daughter and heiress, the notorious Tecuichpo (Elpidia Carrillo), as his new mistress and interpreter. She reveals that Topiltzin is her half-brother, and a skeptical Cortés spares the young man's life, but in turn decides to convert him to the new Spanish ways with the aid of Tecuichpo (from now on, Doña Isabel) and Friar Diego. After being subject to a brutal ritual of conversion, Topiltzin (now called Tomás) is confined in the Franciscan Monastery of Our Lady of Light.

Five years later (1531), under the tutelage of Friar Diego, Tomás is struggling to reconcile two worlds which could hardly be more different but which also share some basic truths. However, Friar Diego realizes that Tomás and Doña Isabel are forging Cortés's correspondence with Charles V, King of Spain. Things become even worse when Friar Diego discovers them making love inside the monastery, in a desperate attempt to perpetuate their race. Friar Diego takes it upon himself to save Tomás's soul, and asks Cortés to keep Doña Isabel from returning to the monastery. A pregnant Doña Isabel is secluded in a dungeon.

The overwhelming absence of his half-sister erodes what is left of Tomás's world. He falls into a state of desolation and illness. A well-meaning Indian nun (Zaide Silvia Gutiérrez) applies medieval remedies to him, but these only help turn his feverish attacks into hallucinations that merge Christian and Aztec imagery. Tomás has a vision whereby the Virgin Mary is revealed as the Aztec Mother Goddess.

The arrival of the statue of the Virgin Mary in the monastery, a token of gratitude from Cortés to Friar Diego, now causes Tomás to become genuinely drawn to the statue as a substitute for all he has lost, and he sets on a personal crusade to conquer her. If he absorbs her powers, if he fuses with her, redemption will follow.

Is the Indian's conversion real? Or is Tomás trying to retain his own beliefs under the guise of the new creed? Will he be able to survive with his sanity intact? These questions start revolving in Friar Diego's head, and although he puts many obstacles to keep Tomás from entering the sacristy and consummating his obsession with the statue, he finally allows Providence to decide whether Tomás's mission is legitimate or not. So who is in fact converting whom? Maybe the greatest mystery in the history of beliefs is how certain unorthodox encounters make us continue believing...

Cast

Release and box office

The Other Conquest broke box-office records upon its 1999 release in Mexico by Twentieth Century Fox, "enjoying the biggest opening weekend of any Mexican film in history on its home turf" (The New York Times). When it was released in Los Angeles the following year, it grossed 1 million dollars [5] and was selected as one of The Los Angeles Times’ Top 10 Films of 2000. [6] In the summer of 2007, the film was re-released in select cities across the United States and it made its long-awaited debut on DVD [7] in October 2007. Bonus materials include director-writer Salvador Carrasco’s commentary and 15 deleted scenes.

The Other Conquest was shown in 2003-04 as part of the exhibition “AZTECS: A Civilization Carved in Blood and Stone” at the Royal Academy of Arts in London, the Martin-Gropius-Bau Museum in Berlin, and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, where writer/director Salvador Carrasco and producer Alvaro Domingo did Q&As to full-house capacity. In addition, Salvador Carrasco has been invited to screen the film and do Q&As in over 30 universities and colleges in the United States, including NYU (his alma mater), Columbia University, USC, UCLA, Pomona College, Tulane University, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Georgetown University, Purdue University, Northwestern University, Santa Monica College, etc.

On June 23, 2010 The Other Conquest was shown to a packed auditorium at the Getty Villa in Pacific Palisades, California as part of the exhibition "The Aztec Pantheon and the Art of Empire," with director Salvador Carrasco present for a Q&A.

On January 27, 2012 a new 35mm print of The Other Conquest was shown at The Los Angeles County Museum of Art's Bing Auditorium as the closing event of the exhibition "Contested Visions In The Spanish Colonial World," with writer/director Salvador Carrasco present for a Q&A following the screening.

On May 21, 2014 The Other Conquest was screened at The National Museum of Mexican Art in Chicago, with director Salvador Carrasco present for a Q&A.

Conception and production

The idea for The Other Conquest came to director Salvador Carrasco, a native of Mexico City, during his final years as a film student at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, specifically on August 13, 1991, the 470th anniversary of the fall of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital. “Living in New York at the time, I found myself more sensitive to such dates. Trying to imagine what it might have been like back then, it occurred to me that in the face of military defeat and the ensuing losses, an Aztec Indian could resist the Spanish Conquest by carrying out his own form of spiritual conquest --i.e., through ‘conquering’ or absorbing the powers of a statue of the Virgin Mary, in whose name his oppressors were ruling, he’d be able to redeem himself and his people. Needless to say, it is no coincidence that the patron saint of Mexico is the Virgin of Guadalupe, a Virgin Mary with indigenous features. This singular image became the launching point for a short screenplay I began to write, which later evolved into The Other Conquest.” - Salvador Carrasco.

It was at NYU where Carrasco met his friend and future producer, Alvaro Domingo, son of legendary tenor Plácido Domingo. After an intense period of research, Carrasco developed a script centering on a young Aztec scribe and his forced conversion to Catholicism at the hands of Spanish invaders. Domingo was immediately taken in with the story after Carrasco presented it to him at a restaurant in Mexico City, and it was his idea to take the short film idea and expand it into a full-length feature film. Domingo says, “I just fell in love with the story right then and there. We resolved to create our own company, Carrasco & Domingo Films, using it as a platform to take the plunge together.”

Getting funding for the project proved to be a tough road; the film was first rejected by three different administrations of the Mexican Institute of Cinema (IMCINE). Carrasco was even berated by some for wanting to cast a pure indigenous actor in the lead role. After the initial rejections, Carrasco and Domingo sought independent financing, including from Plácido Domingo himself, who served as Executive Producer of The Other Conquest. Of the film Plácido Domingo has commented, “What makes this film so unique is its message of cultural tolerance --something so much needed in today’s world.” Seed money also came from Mexican philanthropist Manuel Arango, who had also sponsored Carrasco’s film studies in New York. More funding came from private investors and Mexican public institutions.

Casting began with an eye towards the authentic and Carrasco searched the world over for his ideal cast. “I wanted actors not only to appear as if they belonged in 16th century Mexico, but also to embody the prevailing values of the time,” remembers Carrasco.

It was not long before the perfect actor to embody the film’s lead character, Topiltzin, was found. Damián Delgado, a native of Oaxaca, had made a career as a professional theatrical dancer.

Filming lasted about seven years, due to funding and even domestic political and economic issues Mexico faced during the 1990s. “Those were three hard years of carting around a VHS videotape with 35 minutes worth of an unfinished film. Three hard years of a great uncertainty, wondering whether we’d be able to complete this film, though deep in my heart, I always knew we would.”- Alvaro Domingo.

Salvador Carrasco has also commented on the feeling of being a young, opera-prima director attempting to accomplish a major work: “We needed to dispel certain notions that a film like this couldn’t be made; that first-timers like ourselves couldn’t accomplish something as ambitious as this. We needed to prove that we could…to others, and to ourselves.”

Shooting took place in many diverse, original locations including the pyramid of Tenayuca (in the heart of Mexico City), the archaeological site of Xochicalco and the Hacienda de Santa Mónica. Carrasco’s wife, Andrea Sanderson, a Juilliard-trained violinist, joined the production team and especially helped with the film’s impressive production design. “Andrea and I must have visited every possible archaeological site within a 300-kilometer radius of Mexico City,” remembers Carrasco. “We were looking for an intimate, timeless setting with distinctive architecture, far away from the metropolis, where clandestine rituals could have taken place without the Spaniards knowing.” Colonial plazas and even underground caves were also discovered and used to great effect in the film, giving it a rare, convincing air of complete authenticity.

For the film’s lush, evocative music score, Salvador Carrasco approached classical composer Samuel Zyman and Jorge Reyes, renowned for his work in original indigenous music. Plácido Domingo contributed by performing an aria, “Mater Aterna," with music by Zyman and lyrics by Carrasco, that plays during the end credits.

References

Web articles

Monographic related books

  • Miriam Haddu. Contemporary Mexican Cinema, 1989-1999: History, Space and Identity. The Edwin Mellen Press, 2007, Pg. 276, (BK), 0773454330
  • Tom Hayden. The Zapatista Reader. Nation Books, 9 November 2001, Pgs. 166-177, (BK), 1560253355
  • Deborah Shaw. Contemporary Latin American Cinema: Breaking into the Global Market. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., February 2007, Pg. 216, (BK), 0742539156
  • John Willis. Screen World: Film Annual. Applause Cinema Books, Vol. 52, 2001, Pgs. 296-297, (BK), 1557834784
  • Jason Wood. The Faber Book of Mexican Cinema. Faber and Faber, 7 September 2006, Pgs. 49-56, (BK), ISBN 0-571-21732-X
  • Jorge Ayala Blanco. La Fugacidad del Cine Mexicano. Océano de México, 11 September 2001, Pgs. 331-334, (BK), 9706512349

Essays

  • Guadalupe Loaeza. "Todos Somos Topiltzin". In: Periódico Reforma, Palabra, 14 April 1999, (NP)
  • Eduardo Subirats. La Otra Conquista. In: Revista El Angel, Periódico Reforma, 25 October 1998, Pgs. 3-6, (MG)
  • Salvador Velazco. La guerra de imágenes en 'La Otra Conquista,' de Salvador Carrasco. In: Cuadernos Americanos Nueva Epoca, UNAM, Vol. 87, May 2001, Pgs. 128-132, (BK)

Print media reviews

  • Don Bain. The Other Conquest Examines the Consequences of Empire. In: La Voz Nueva (Denver, Colorado, USA), 17 October 2007, Pgs. 8-11, (NP)
  • Elsa Bragato. La Otra Conquista. In: Revista Así, 17 December 1998, Pg. 1, (MG)
  • Eduardo Ruiz. La Otra Conquista: el triunfo de la tesis sobre el drama personal. In: Excelsior, 5 November 1998, Pg. 33, (NP)

External links

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