Tillamook language
Tillamook | |
---|---|
Native to | United States |
Region | Northwestern Oregon |
Ethnicity | Tillamook, Siletz |
Extinct | 1970[1] |
Salishan
|
|
Dialects |
Tillamook
Siletz
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | til |
Glottolog | till1254 [2] |
Tillamook is an extinct Salishan language, formerly spoken by the Tillamook people in northwestern Oregon, United States. The last fluent speaker is believed to have died in the 1970s; between 1965 and 1972, in an effort to prevent the language from being lost, a group of researchers from the University of Hawaii interviewed the few remaining Tillamook-speakers and created a 120-page dictionary.[3]
Contents
Phonology
Vowels
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | i | ə |
Low | æ | ɑ |
Consonants
Alveolar | Postalveolar / palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central | Lateral | Unrounded | "Rounded" | Unrnd. | "Rnd." | |||
Stop | t | k | kᵓ | q | qᵓ | ʔ | ||
Ejective | tʼ | kʼ | kᵓʼ | qʼ | qᵓʼ | |||
Affricate | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||||
Ejective affricate | t͡sʼ | t͡ɬʼ | t͡ʃʼ | |||||
Fricative | s | ɬ | ʃ | x | xᵓ | χ | χᵓ | h |
Nasal | n | |||||||
Approximant | l | j | ɰᵓ |
Internal Rounding
The so-called "rounded" consonants (traditionally marked with the diacritic ⟨ʷ⟩, but here indicated with ⟨ᵓ⟩), including rounded vowels and ⟨w⟩ (/ɰᵓ/), are not actually labialized. The acoustic effect of labialization is created entirely inside the mouth by cupping the tongue. Uvulars with this distinctive internal rounding have "a kind of ɔ timbre" while "rounded" front velars have ɯ coloring. These contrast and oppose otherwise very similar segments having ɛ or ɪ coloring—the "unrounded" consonants.
/w/ is also formed with this internal rounding instead of true labialization, making it akin to [ɰ]. So are vowel sounds formerly written as /o/ or /u/, which are best characterized as the diphthong /əɰ/ with increasing internal rounding.[4]
Notes
- ↑ Tillamook at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Official site of Clatsop-Nehalem Confederated Tribes
- ↑ Thompson & Thompson (1966), p. 316
Bibliography
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External links
- University of Oregon: The Tillamook
- Tillamook Language
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- OLAC resources in and about the Tillamook language