Timeline of Berlin
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Berlin, Germany.
-
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Prior to 18th century
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- 1163 – Berlin founded by Albert the Bear (approximate date).[1]
- 1230 – St. Nicholas' Church built.
- 1272 - Bakers' guild established.[2]
- 1380 – Fire.
- 1433 - de (militia) formed.
- 1451 – Stadtschloss (palace) built.
- 1454 – St. Erasmus Chapel consecrated.
- 1484 – Jerusalem Church built.[3]
- 1539 – Protestant Reformation.
- 1540 - Printing press in operation.[4]
- 1636 – de (school) relocates to Berlin.[citation needed]
- 1650 – Berlin Fortress construction begins.
- 1678 – Dorotheen Church built.[3]
- 1688 – Leipziger Straße (street) laid out.[citation needed]
- 1695 – Lange-brucke (bridge) built.[5]
- 1696 – Academy of Art founded.
18th century
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- 1700
- Electoral Brandenburg Society of Sciences founded.
- Population: 28,500.
- 1701 – Berlin becomes capital of the Kingdom of Prussia.[citation needed]
- 1703 – Parochial Church built.[3]
- 1705 – French Cathedral built in Friedrichstadt.
- 1708 – German Cathedral built in Friedrichstadt.
- 1713
- Charlottenburg Palace built.
- Nicolaische Buchhandlung (bookseller) in business.[6]
- 1714 – Berlin merges with the cities of Cölln, Dorotheenstadt, Friedrichstadt, and Friedrichswerder.[1]
- 1715 – City hosts Treaty of Berlin (1715).
- 1721 – Population: 64,600.
- 1722 – Garrison Church built.[3]
- 1732 – Crown Prince's Palace remodelled.
- 1734 – Potsdam Gate constructed.
- 1737 – Berlin Customs Wall and Opera Palace[7] constructed.
- 1739 – Holy Trinity Church built.
- 1742
- Berlin State Opera house inaugurated.
- City hosts signing of the Treaty of Berlin (1742).[8]
- 1743 – Opernplatz (square) laid out.
- 1748 – Berlin Cathedral built.[3]
- 1750 – Population: 113,289.
- 1757 - October: "Austrian general Hadik raids Berlin."[9]
- 1760 – 9–13 October: City taken by Russian and Austrian forces.[8][9]
- 1763 – Royal Porcelain Factory founded in Charlottenburg.[3]
- 1765 – Bank established.[8]
- 1766 – Ephraim-Palais built in Nikolaiviertel.
- 1775 – St. Hedwig's Church built.[3]
- 1780 – de (library) built.[7]
- 1783
- Wednesday Society active.
- Berlinische Monatsschrift (magazine) begins publication.
- 1786 – Bellevue Palace built.
- 1791 – Sing-Akademie zu Berlin (choral society) founded.[10]
- 1793 – Brandenburg Gate built.[5]
19th century
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- 1804 – Population: 182,157.[11]
- 1806 – 21 November: Napoleon issues Berlin Decree while passing through city.[1]
- 1810 – University of Berlin established.[1]
- 1812 – Café Josty in business (approximate date).
- 1815 – City becomes part of the Province of Brandenburg.
- 1821 – Schauspielhaus Berlin (theatre) opens.[12]
- 1824 – de (bridge) built.[5]
- 1825
- Sing-Akademie building constructed.[3]
- Population: 219,968.
- 1827 – 29 April: Premiere of Mendelssohn's opera Hochzeit des Camacho.[13]
- 1830 – Königliches Museum opens.[14]
- 1834 – Café Kranzler in business.
- 1835 – Berlin Observatory built.[3]
- 1838
- first railway in Prussia, the Berlin–Potsdam railway opened[15]
- Bote & Bock music publisher in business.[16]
- 1840 – Population: 322,626.
- 1841 – de (artists association) founded.
- 1842 - Springer-Verlag (publisher) in business.[17]
- 1843 – Royal Opera House rebuilt.[3]
- 1844 – Kroll's and Berlin Zoological Garden open.
- 1845 – Physical Society of Berlin established.
- 1846 - 24 September: Discovery of Neptune planet at the Observatory.
- 1847
- April: Prussian parliament begins meeting in the Stadtschloss.[18]
- Stern Gesangverein founded.[10]
- 1848
- 18 March: "Barricade fights."[19]
- 15 June: Political unrest.[8][19]
- 1849
- 1850 – Berliner Musikschule (music school) founded.
- 1851 – 31 May: Statue of Frederick II of Prussia inaugurated on Unter den Linden.[8]
- 1852 – Luisenstadt Canal constructed.
- 1853 – de delicatessen and C. Bechstein Pianofortefabrik in business.
- 1855
- Advertising columns installed in city.[22]
- New Museum opens.[14]
- 1858 – Population: 458,637.[21]
- 1859 - 10 May: Humboldt funeral.[23]
- 1861
- 1862 - de wine shop in business.[2]
- 1863
- 1864
- Wallner Theater built.
- Population: 632,700.
- 1866
- de (women's educational organization) founded.[25][26]
- New Synagogue was built.[11]
- 1868 – City wall dismantled.[5]
- 1869 – Rotes Rathaus (city hall) built.
- 1871
- Berlin becomes capital of the newly unified German Empire.[1]
- Berlin Ringbahn (railway) begins operating.[5]
- Population: 826,341.[11]
- 1872 – Ludwig Loewe & Co. in business.
- 1873 – Victory Column inaugurated on Königsplatz.[3]
- 1875
- Socialist Workers' Party of Germany headquartered in Berlin.
- Hotel Kaiserhof in business.
- Königliche Hochschule für Musik active.[10]
- 1876 – National Gallery opens.[3]
- 1878
- Berlin Stadtbahn (city railway) begins operating.[5]
- City hosts Congress of Berlin.[11]
- 1879 – Imperial Treasury headquartered in city.
- 1880 – Population: 1,122,330.[11]
- 1881
- Berlin administrative district separates from Province of Brandenburg.[5]
- Industrial museum established.[11]
- 1882 – Berlin Stadtbahn (railway) begins operating.[11]
- 1884
- Dankeskirche (church) built.[11]
- City hosts West Africa Conference.
- 1885 – St. George's Anglican Church built.
- 1886 – Ethnological museum established.[11]
- 1887
- Berlin Philharmonic active.
- de (bridge)[11] and Heiligekreuzkirche (church)[11] built.
- Society for Friends of Photography founded.[24]
- 1888 – Lessing Theater opens.
- 1889
- Museum of Natural History opens.
- Academic Alpine Club of Berlin formed.[27]
- 1890 – May Day begins.[7]
- 1891 – Hotel Bristol in business.
- 1892 – Theater am Schiffbauerdamm opens.
- 1894 – Reichstag building constructed.[11]
- 1895
- 1 September: Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church consecrated.
- 13 December: Premiere of Mahler's Symphony No. 2.
- 1896
- Oberbaum Bridge rebuilt.
- 1 May: Great Industrial Exposition of Berlin and Treptow Observatory open.
- Messter Film in business.[28]
- 1897
- National Kaiser Wilhelm Monument unveiled.
- International Automobile Exhibition begins.[29]
- 1898
- Berlin Secession (art group) founded.
- Café des Westens in business.
20th century
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1900s-1945
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- 1900 – Berlin Automobile Association founded.[30]
- 1901 – Population: 1,901,567.[1]
- 1902 – Berlin U-Bahn begins operating.
- 1904
- Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum opens.[31]
- Tietz department store in business on Alexanderplatz.
- 1905
- Berlin Cathedral rebuilt.
- Population: 2,040,148.[1]
- 1906 – Virchow Hospital opens in Moabit.[5]
- 1907
- Märkisches Museum built in Köllnischer Park.
- Kaufhaus des Westens (shop), Edeka supermarket chain,[2] and Hotel Fürstenhof in business.
- 1908
- Hotel Excelsior in business.
- Friedrichstraßenpassage shopping arcade built.
- 1910 - Der Sturm magazine begins publication.
- 1911
- Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Sciences founded.
- Hotel Esplanade built.[32]
- Die Aktion magazine begins publication.
- 1913 – Deutsches Stadion (stadium) and Cines-Palast (cinema) open.
- 1914
- Volksbühne (theatre) and Bendlerblock built.
- Pacifist de headquartered in city.
- 1918 – Die Rote Fahne newspaper begins publication.
- 1919
- January: Spartacist uprising; socialists Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht killed.
- February: Dadaist Jedermann sein eigner Fussball published.
- May: Premiere of LGBT-themed film Anders als die Andern.[28]
- City becomes capital of the Weimar Republic.[citation needed]
- Deutsche Luft-Reederei airline begins operating its Weimar-Berlin route.[28]
- Population: 1,902,509.[33]
- 1920
- March: Kapp Putsch.
- June: First International Dada Fair held.[34]
- 1 October: City area expands per Greater Berlin Act, incorporating Charlottenburg, Köpenick, Lichtenberg, Neukölln, Schöneberg, Spandau, and Wilmersdorf.
- 1922
- 24 June: Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau assassinated.
- December: International of Revolutionary Syndicalists founded in Berlin.[35]
- 1923 – Tempelhof Airport and Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute established.
- 1924
- Traffic light installed in Potsdamer Platz.[7]
- Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin (radio exhibit) begins.
- Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra active.[36]
- 1925
- Ahmadiyya Mosque Berlin built.
- Population: 4,024,286.
- 1926 – Funkturm Berlin (radio tower) erected.
- 1927
- 10 January: Premiere of film Metropolis.
- 1 May: Hitler gives his first speech in Berlin, at the de.
- 1928
- 31 August: Premiere of Brecht's The Threepenny Opera.[37]
- Titania Palast (theatre) opens.[38]
- 1929
- 1930
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin established.[39]
- Pergamon Museum built.
- 1931 – Großsiedlung Siemensstadt housing built.
- 1932 – Columbushaus built on Potsdamer Platz.
- 1933
- Nazi headquarters relocated to Berlin from Munich.
- 27 February: Reichstag fire.
- 26 April: Nazi Gestapo (secret police) headquartered in Berlin, on Prinz-Albrecht-Straße.
- 10 May: Nazi book burnings in Opernplatz.
- City becomes capital of the Greater German Reich.
- Hufeisensiedlung housing built.[40]
- 1934
- City becomes seat of the Greater Berlin and Mark Brandenburg Gaue (Nazi administrative divisions).
- Columbia concentration camp in operation.
- 1935
- 28 March: Premiere of film Triumph of the Will.
- Nazi SS-Hauptamt headquartered in Berlin, on Prinz-Albrecht-Straße.
- Deutschlandhalle built.
- 1936
- Olympic Stadium and Air Ministry Building constructed.
- August: 1936 Summer Olympics held.[41][42]
- Sachsenhausen concentration camp and Berlin-Marzahn concentration camp established near city.
- 1937
- Julius Lippert becomes mayor.
- Albert Speer becomes de for the Reich capital.
- Volkswagen auto manufactory in business.
- 1938
- 9–10 November: Kristallnacht; Fasanenstrasse Synagogue burned.
- Helicopter flight demonstrated.[28]
- 1939 – Population: 4,332,242.[43]
- 1940
- Bombing of Berlin in World War II begins.
- Ludwig Steeg becomes mayor.
- 1941 - Tempelhof Airport terminal built.[44]
- 1943 – November: Battle of Berlin (RAF campaign) begins.
- 1944 - 21 July: Execution of 20 July plot conspirators.[45]
- 1945
- 16 April: Battle of Berlin begins.[46]
- 30 April: Death of Adolf Hitler in the Führerbunker.
- 2 May: Battle of Berlin ends.[42]
- 2 May: Nikolai Berzarin becomes commander of the Soviet sector of city.
- 8 May: Ceremonial German Instrument of Surrender signed in Karlshorst.
- 4 July: Floyd L. Parks becomes commander of the U.S. sector of city.
- 5 July: Lewis Lyne becomes commander of the British sector of city.
- 11 July: Geoffroi du Bois de Beauchesne becomes commander of the French sector of city.
- 17 July-2 August: Potsdam Conference held.[45]
- 21 July: Victory Parade.
- 30 August: Allied Control Council constituted.
1946-1989
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- 1946
- Technical University of Berlin opens.
- October: City election held.[47]
- 1947
- Ernst Reuter becomes mayor.
- Population: 3,224,420.
- 1948
- 24 June: Soviet blockade begins.[48]
- 26 June: Allied airlift of supplies begins.[49]
- Free University of Berlin established.
- Handelsorganisation grocery opens in East Berlin.[2]
- 1949
- 12 May: Berlin Blockade ends.[48]
- City divided into East Berlin and West Berlin.[43]
- East Berlin becomes capital of the German Democratic Republic.[43]
- Currywurst introduced on de.[2]
- 1950
- Academy of Arts established in East Berlin.
- Freedom Bell installed in city hall of West Berlin.
- 1951
- Landtag (parliament) of West Berlin established.
- East Berlin hosts 3rd World Festival of Youth and Students.
- Berliner Festspiele established in West Berlin.
- Berlin Film Festival begins in West Berlin.
- 1952 – Deutsche Waggon und Maschinenfabrik in business.
- 1953 – June: Uprising in East Berlin.[48]
- 1954
- Academy of Arts established in West Berlin.
- Berlin Conference (1954) held.
- 1956 – Rotes Rathaus reconstructed; becomes city hall of East Berlin.
- 1957 – Haus der Kulturen der Welt built in West Berlin.
- 1959
- Institute for European Politics founded in West Berlin.[50]
- Jüdisches Gemeindehaus Fasanenstraße (Jewish centre) inaugurated in West Berlin.
- 1960 – Gropiusstadt developed.
- 1961
- 4 June: Berlin Crisis of 1961 begins.
- 13-15 August: Berlin Wall construction begins between East Berlin and West Berlin.[41][42]
- Ampelmännchen pedestrian signal introduced in East Berlin.
- 1963
- Berliner Philharmonie (concert hall) built in West Berlin.
- Berliner Singakademie founded in East Berlin.[citation needed]
- 26 June: U.S. president Kennedy gives Ich bin ein Berliner speech in West Berlin.
- 1964 – JazzFest Berlin begins in West Berlin.
- 1967 - Sister city relationship established with Los Angeles, USA.[51]
- 1968 – New National Gallery opens in West Berlin.
- 1969
- Fernsehturm Berlin (TV tower) erected in East Berlin.
- de founded.[52]
- 1971 – Movement 2 June anarchist group active in West Berlin.
- 1972 – June: Four Power Agreement on Berlin signed.
- 1970 – Hotel Stadt Berlin built in East Berlin.
- 1973 – Großgaststätte Ahornblatt (restaurant) built in East Berlin.
- 1974 – Berlin Marathon begins in West Berlin.
- 1975
- Hochschule der Künste Berlin (art school) formed.
- Peter Lorenz becomes president of the Landtag of West Berlin.
- 1978
- Berlin Motor Show begins in West Berlin.
- Berlin State Library building opens on Haus Potsdamer Straße in West Berlin.
- 1979 - International Congress Centre built in West Berlin.[53]
- 1980
- de founded.[54]
- Memorial to the German Resistance erected.
- 1983 - de founded.
- 1984 - Eberhard Diepgen becomes mayor of West Berlin.
- 1985 – West Berlin hosts Bundesgartenschau (garden show).[55]
- 1986 – 5 April: 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing in West Berlin.
- 1987
- 750th anniversary of founding of Berlin.
- Topography of Terror exhibit opens.[56]
- 1 May: May Day in Kreuzberg begins.
- 12 June: U.S. president Reagan gives Tear down this wall! speech in West Berlin.[42]
- 1988 – West Berlin designated a European Capital of Culture.
- 1989
- Population: 1,279,212 in East Berlin.
- 4 November: Alexanderplatz demonstration in East Berlin.
- 9 November: Berlin Wall opened between East Berlin and West Berlin.[57][42]
1990s
- 1990
- 3 October: German reunification; unified Berlin designated capital of the Federal Republic of Germany.
- Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records and de headquartered in Berlin.
- Kunsthaus Tacheles established.
- 1993
- Berlin Cathedral renovated.
- Transparency International headquartered in city.
- 1994 – Russian and Allied forces depart.[41]
- 1995
- German-Russian Museum opens.
- June: Artist Christo wraps the Reichstag.
- 1996
- City website online (approximate date).[58]
- Berggruen Museum and de open.
- 1997 - Computer Games Museum founded.
- 1998 – Gemäldegalerie and Treptowers built.
- 1999
- German Bundestag (legislature) relocated to Berlin from Bonn per Berlin-Bonn Act.
- Molecule Man (sculpture) installed in the Spree River.
- Clocktower reinstalled on Potsdamer Platz.[59]
21st century
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- 2000
- Sony Center built.
- Population: 3,382,169.
- 2001
- June 16: Klaus Wowereit becomes governing mayor.[60]
- Merger of boroughs: Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Tempelhof-Schöneberg, and Treptow-Köpenick formed.
- Jewish Museum opens.
- Berlin International Literature Festival begins.
- 2004 – Festival of Lights begins.
- 2005
- Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe unveiled.
- Angela Merkel takes office as German Chancellor.[relevant? ]
- 2006
- Berlin Hauptbahnhof (Central station) constructed.
- FIFA World Cup Final held at Olympiastadion.
- de nursing home established.
- 2009 - de (garden) created.[61]
- 2013
- 3 November: Berlin energy referendum, 2013 held.
- Hohenzollern Stadtschloss (palace) reconstruction begins.
- Population: 3,517,424. Of these, 538,729 residents were of foreign nationality
- 2014 – March: .berlin internet domain name begins.[62]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Haydn 1910.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Bradshaw 1898.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Britannica 1910.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Bell 2011.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Townsend 1867.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 Chambers 1901.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Knight 1866.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Preyer 1912.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (comparative photographs, 1945 and 2015)
- ↑ Simpson 1957.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Czaplicka 1995.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Urban 2003.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ New York Times 2015.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
Published in the 17th-19th century
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- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.; famous guidebook
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Published in the 20th century
- in English
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- in German
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Published in the 21st century
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- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (about Berlin, Budapest, Prague, Warsaw)
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External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Berlin. |
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- Links to fulltext city directories for Berlin via Wikisource
- Europeana. Items related to Berlin, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Berlin, various dates
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Berlin topics
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|---|---|
| Administration | |
| Culture | |
| Society | |
| Other topics | |
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Categories:
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