Tindouf
| Tindouf تندوف Tinduf |
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Tindouf in the 1970s
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 Location of Tindouf commune within Tindouf Province |
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| Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | |
| Country |  Algeria |
| Province | Tindouf (seat) |
| District | Tindouf (coextensive) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 70,009 km2 (27,031 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 400 m (1,300 ft) |
| Population (2008)[1] | |
| • Total | 150,000 (of which 45,966 are not people living in the Sahrawi refugee camps) |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+01) |
| Postal code | 37000 |
Tindouf (Berber: Tinduf, Arabic: تندوف) is the main town, and a commune in Tindouf Province, Algeria, close to the Mauritanian, Western Saharan and Moroccan borders.The commune has population of around 160,000 but the census and population estimates do not count the Sahrawi refugees making the population as of the 2008 census 45,966,[2] up from 25,266 in 1998,[3] and an annual population growth rate of 6.3%.[2]
The region is considered of strategic significance. It houses Algerian military bases and an airport with regular flights to Algiers as well as to other domestic destinations.[4] The settlement of Garet Djebilet lies within the municipal territory of Tindouf near the border with Mauritania; the settlement has an iron mine and a defunct airport, and is approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Âouinet Bel Egrâ. Since 1975, it also contains several Sahrawi refugee camps operated by the Polisario Front, a national liberation movement seeking the self-determination of Western Sahara
History
The town of Tindouf was built near an isolated Saharan oasis in 1852 by members of the Tajakant tribe, but sacked and destroyed by Reguibat, a Sahrawi tribe in 1895, and the Tajakant tribe were expelled from the region. It remained deserted until French troops arrived in the area in 1934. Since Algerian independence in 1962, the town has been deliberately built up, partly because of its importance as a last outpost before the Moroccan, Sahrawi and Mauritanian borders.
In 1963, the area was the scene of fighting between Algerian and Moroccan forces laying claim to western Algeria, in the Sand War. The region has since been heavily militarized, increasing its relevance. Since the mid-70s, the Tindouf region served as base for the Polisario Front, a Sahrawi nationalist organization fighting for Western Sahara's independence. The Polisario Front is headquartered in self-administered refugee camps south of the city, which filled up as Moroccan and Mauritanian forces conquered Western Sahara in 1975. During the war years of 1975–1990, Polisario forces struck in Western Sahara, Mauritania (until 1979) and southern Morocco (including the region of Tata), using the Tindouf region as their rear base area, with Algerian protection and support. Since 1990 the area has been quiet, although the refugee community remains in Algeria, pending a UN-sponsored peace process and a referendum on independence. (See Minurso.)
Demographics
Tindouf has a population of 47,965 (2010 estimates),[5] though this figure is of questionable authenticity, given the fact that the exact number is a sensitive issue due to the Western Sahara refugees.
| Year | Population (excluding Sahrawi refugee camps) |
|---|---|
| 1977 (Census) | 6,044 |
| 1987 (Census) | 13,084 |
| 1998 (Census) | 32,004 |
| 2008 (Census)[1] | 45,966 |
| 2010 (Estimate) | 47,965–59,898 |
Climate
Tindouf has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with extremely hot summers and very warm winters. There is almost no rain for most of the year, although a little rain is sometimes seen associated with the West African Monsoon around September. Summer daytime temperatures commonly approach 50 °C (122 °F) with blazing sunshine while winter nighttime temperatures can sometimes drop to 5 °C (41 °F) or less.
| Climate data for Tindouf | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 21.7 (71.1) |
25.6 (78.1) |
28.2 (82.8) |
32.1 (89.8) |
34.4 (93.9) |
39.8 (103.6) |
45.7 (114.3) |
44.1 (111.4) |
38.8 (101.8) |
32.3 (90.1) |
26.1 (79) |
21.6 (70.9) |
32.53 (90.57) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.4 (56.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
22.4 (72.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
35.1 (95.2) |
34.7 (94.5) |
30.0 (86) |
24.6 (76.3) |
18.7 (65.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
23.77 (74.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.6 (54.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
16.9 (62.4) |
20.9 (69.6) |
26.1 (79) |
26.5 (79.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
17.5 (63.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
7.9 (46.2) |
16.08 (60.94) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.1 (0.004) |
0.3 (0.012) |
0.2 (0.008) |
0.1 (0.004) |
2.0 (0.079) |
0.2 (0.008) |
0.0 (0) |
2.5 (0.098) |
10.0 (0.394) |
3.4 (0.134) |
0.3 (0.012) |
0.3 (0.012) |
19.4 (0.765) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 44.9 | 40.8 | 34.8 | 35.4 | 35.2 | 30.3 | 22.8 | 24.5 | 32.3 | 28.1 | 43.8 | 49.6 | 35.21 |
| Source: climatebase.ru[6] | |||||||||||||
Education
6.1% of the population has a tertiary education, and another 18.8% has completed secondary education.[7] The overall literacy rate is 75.0%, and is 79.7% among males and 70.1% among females.[8]
Localities
The commune is composed of five localities:[9]
- Tindouf-ville
- Garet Djebilet
- Aouinet Bélagraa
- Chenachène
- Oum El Achar
References
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for [[Wikivoyage:Tindouf#Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 863: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|Tindouf]]. |
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wilaya de Tindouf : répartition de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs, selon la commune de résidence et la dispersion (2008 Census, ONS).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Tindouf in the World Gazetteer
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tindouf. |
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Provincial seats of Algeria
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