Tokyo subway

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See also: Transport in Greater Tokyo
Tokyo Subway
Tokyo Metro logo (full).svg
File:東京都交通局 ロゴ.svg
300px
Top: The logo of Tokyo Metro
Middle: The logo of Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation operating Toei Subway
Bottom: Toei 6300 series (left) and Tokyo Metro 10000 series (right) trains at Musashi-Kosugi Station
Overview
Locale Tokyo, Japan
Transit type Rapid transit
Number of lines 13
Number of stations 290
Daily ridership 8.7 million
Operation
Began operation December 30, 1927
Operator(s) Tokyo Metro, Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei)
Technical
System length 310.3 km (192.8 mi)
Track gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) (1,435 mm for Ginza, Marunouchi, Toei Asakusa & Toei Ōedo Lines, 1,372 mm for Toei Shinjuku Line)
System map

Tokyo subway map

The Tokyo subway (東京の地下鉄 Tōkyō no chikatetsu?) is a part of the extensive rapid transit system that consists of Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway in the Greater Tokyo area of Japan. While the subway system itself is largely within the city center, the lines extend far out via extensive through services onto suburban railway lines.

Networks

There are two primary subway operators in Tokyo:

As of 2013, the combined subway network of the Tokyo and Toei metros comprises 290 stations and 13 lines. The Tokyo Metro and Toei networks together carry a combined average of over eight million passengers daily.[3] Despite being ranked first in worldwide subway usage, subways make up a small fraction of heavy rail rapid transit in Tokyo alone—only 274 out of 882 railway stations, as of 2007.[4] The Tokyo subway at 8.7 million daily passengers only represents 22% of Tokyo's 40 million daily rail passengers (see Transport in Greater Tokyo).[5]

Line color Mark Line number Line Japanese
Tokyo Metro
orange Subway TokyoGinza.png Line 3 Ginza Line 銀座線
red Subway TokyoMarunouchi.png Line 4 Marunouchi Line 丸ノ内線
Subway TokyoMarunouchi b.png Marunouchi Line Branch Line 丸ノ内線分岐線
silver Subway TokyoHibiya.png Line 2 Hibiya Line 日比谷線
sky blue Subway TokyoTozai.png Line 5 Tōzai Line 東西線
green Subway TokyoChiyoda.png Line 9 Chiyoda Line 千代田線
gold Subway TokyoYurakucho.png Line 8 Yūrakuchō Line 有楽町線
purple Subway TokyoHanzomon.png Line 11 Hanzōmon Line 半蔵門線
teal Subway TokyoNamboku.png Line 7 Namboku Line 南北線
brown Subway TokyoFukutoshin.png Line 13 Fukutoshin Line 副都心線
Toei Subway
rose Subway TokyoAsakusa.png Line 1 Asakusa Line 浅草線
blue Subway TokyoMita.png Line 6 Mita Line 三田線
leaf green Subway TokyoShinjuku.png Line 10 Shinjuku Line 新宿線
ruby Subway TokyoOedo.png Line 12 Ōedo Line 大江戸線

In addition, but not formally designated as subways:

  • The Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit (TWR) operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations, and 200,200 daily passengers in 2010 [6]
  • The Saitama Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line, operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations.
  • The Yamanote Line is not a subway line, but an above-ground commuter loop line which operates with metro-like frequencies. It is owned by JR East. It acts as a key transportation artery in central Tokyo, and is often marked on Tokyo subway maps.

The Yokohama Subway, (and the planned Kawasaki Subway) also operate in the Greater Tokyo Area, but they are not directly linked to the Tokyo subway network. However, on special occasions (typically holiday weekends), the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line and Namboku Line operate special Minato Mirai (みなとみらい号 Minatomirai-gō?) direct through services onto Yokohama's Minatomirai Line via the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line railway.

History

The history of Tokyo Subway
  • 1915: Japan's first underground railway opened under Tokyo Station. It was only for the railway post office, not for passengers.[citation needed]
  • 1927: Tokyo Underground Railway Co., Ltd. (東京地下鉄道株式会社 Tōkyō Chika Tetsudō Kabushiki Gaisha?) opened Japan's first underground line of the subway Ginza Line on December 30, 1927, and publicized as "the first underground railway in the Orient." The distance of the line was only 2.2 km between Ueno and Asakusa.
  • 1938: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway Co., Ltd. (東京高速鉄道株式会社 Tōkyō Kōsoku Tetsudō Kabushiki Gaisha?) opened its subway system between Aoyama 6-chome (present-day Omotesando) and Toranomon.
  • 1939: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway extended its line from Toranomon to Shimbashi, and started an reciprocal operation with Tokyo Underground Railway.
  • 1941: During World War II, the two subway companies merged under the name Teito Rapid Transit Authority (帝都高速度交通営団 Teito Kōsokudo Kōtsu Eidan?) by the local government.
  • 1954: The Marunouchi Line, the first subway line after World War II, opened between Ikebukuro and Ochanomizu.
  • 1960: Toei Subway Line 1, present-day Toei Asakusa Line, opened between Oshiage and Asakusa.
  • 1991: The Namboku Line opens.
  • 1995: On March 20, the Tokyo Subway Sarin Attack occurred on the Marunouchi Line, Hibiya Line, and Chiyoda Line, during the morning rush hour. Over 5,000 people were injured and 13 people were killed. All three lines ceased operation the whole day.
  • 2004: Teito Rapid Transit Authority was privatized and renamed Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
  • 2008: The Fukutoshin Line opened.

System administration

Both Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway systems are closely integrated with a unified system of line colors, line codes, and station numbers. However, the separate administration of metro systems has some ramifications:

  • For single rides across Metro and Toei systems, a special transfer ticket is required. It costs 70 yen less than the sum of the Metro fare and the Toei fare, calculated based on the shortest possible route between the origin and destination stations.[7] The Passnet system simplified such ticketing problems, by allowing one stored-fare card to be used on most of the rail operators in the Greater Tokyo Area (with the noticeable exception of JR East which continued to use its own Suica system). The new Pasmo system was introduced in 2007 and completely replaced the Passnet in 2008, finally allowing for one unified stored fare system for most of the Tokyo transit system, including JR East. The fare charged by the stored fare system is the same as for the users of paper tickets.
  • The systems represent the metro network differently in station, train, and customer information diagrams. For example, the Toei map represents the Toei Ōedo Line as a circle in the centre, whereas the Tokyo Metro's map saves the central ring line for the Marunouchi Line and the JR Yamanote Line. As well, each system's lines are generally rendered with thicker lines on their respective system maps.

Reciprocal operation

As is common with Japanese subway systems, many above-ground and underground lines in the Greater Tokyo Area operate through services with the Tokyo Metro and Toei lines. In a broader sense they are considered a part of the Tokyo subway network, allowing it to reach farther out into the suburbs.

Tokyo Metro 6000 series and Odakyu 60000 series MSE Romancecar EMUs at Yoyogi-Uehara

Tokyo Metro

Line Through Lines
H Hibiya Line Tobu Skytree Line and Tōbu Nikkō Line (Kita-Senju to Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen and Minami-Kurihashi)
T Tōzai Line JR East Chūō-Sōbu Line (Chūō Main Line) (Nakano to Mitaka)
JR East Chūō-Sōbu Line (Sōbu Main Line) (Nishi-Funabashi to Tsudanuma)
Toyo Rapid Line (Nishi-Funabashi to Tōyō-Katsutadai)
C Chiyoda Line Odakyu Odawara Line and Odakyu Tama Line (Yoyogi-Uehara to Karakida and Hon-Atsugi)
JR East Jōban Line (Ayase to Toride)
Y Yūrakuchō Line Tōbu Tōjō Line (Wakōshi to Shinrinkōen)
Seibu Yūrakuchō Line via the Seibu Ikebukuro Line (Kotake-Mukaihara Station to Hannō)
Z Hanzōmon Line Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line (Shibuya to Chūō-Rinkan)
Tobu Skytree Line, Tōbu Nikkō Line and Tobu Isesaki Line (Oshiage to Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen, Minami-Kurihashi and Kuki)
N Namboku Line Tokyu Meguro Line (Meguro to Hiyoshi)
Saitama Rapid Railway Line (Akabane-Iwabuchi to Urawa-Misono)
F Fukutoshin Line Tobu and Seibu line (same stations served as the Yūrakuchō Line)
Minatomirai Line via Tōkyū Tōyoko Line (Shibuya to Motomachi-Chūkagai)

Toei Subway

Line Through Lines
A Asakusa Line Keikyu Kurihama Line and Keikyu Airport Line both via the Keikyu Main Line (Sengakuji to Haneda Airport (Tokyo International Airport) or Misakiguchi)
Keisei Oshiage Line, Keisei Main Line, Hokuso Railway Line, Keisei Higashi-Narita Line and Shibayama Railway Line (Oshiage to Narita Airport, Inba-Nihon-Idai or Shibayama-Chiyoda)
I Mita Line Tokyu Meguro Line (Meguro to Hiyoshi)
S Shinjuku Line Keio New Line and Keio Sagamihara Line both via the Keiō Line (Shinjuku to Hashimoto or Takaosanguchi)

Rolling stock

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Main article: Tokyo subway rolling stock

1995 sarin attack

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Main article: Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway

In 1995, Aum Shinri Kyo, a doomsday cult, attacked the subway system with sarin nerve gas at Kasumigaseki Station and a few others, leading to 13 deaths and over 5,000 people injured.

See also

References

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  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ http://www.mlit.go.jp/kisha/kisha07/01/010330_3/01.pdf
  6. ↑ http://www.twr.co.jp/enterprise/gaiyou_h22_final_outline.pdf
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Further reading

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External links

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