Toliara Province
Toliara | |
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Province | |
Map of Madagascar with Toliara highlighted Map of Madagascar with Toliara highlighted |
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Country | Madagascar |
Capital | Toliara |
Area | |
• Total | 161,405 km2 (62,319 sq mi) |
Population (2001) | |
• Total | 2,229,550 |
• Density | 14/km2 (36/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+3 |
The Toliara Province (formerly Toliary or Tuléar) is a former province of Madagascar with an area of 161,405 square kilometres (62,319 sq mi). It had a population of 2,229,550 (July, 2001). Its capital was Toliara. Near Toliara was the "spiny forest".
Toliara Province bordered the following provinces – Mahajanga Province in the north, Antananarivo Province in the northeast and Fianarantsoa Province in the east. Masikoro Malagasy and Tandroy Malagasy were the chief languages.[1] Sea cucumbers were exported from the province and were an important factor in its economy.[2] The deciduous Andronovory forest was located in the province.[3]
The province was the poorest one in Madagascar. In 1993, 8 in every 10 person of the province was living below the poverty line. Despite the production of export crops the province recorded the highest rural poverty.[4][5] The average fertility rate per woman was above 5.[6] With 77 percent of its population being illiterate, Tolaira was the most illiterate province of Madagascar. Only 22 percent of the province's population had received primary level education.[7][8]
The commercially valuable softwood tree Givotia madagascariensis, found in Antananarivo and Toliara provinces was endemic to Madagascar.[9] The oil producing plant moringa drouhardii was endemic to Toliara province.[10] Deforestation was a major issue for the province.[11] In April 1971, a peasant rebellion was organised by MONIMA leader Monja Joana. The peasants refused to pay taxes and the government retaliated by dissolving MONIMA and deporting Joana.[12]
Toliara province offered poor transport and security facilities.[13][14] Potable water was accessible to only 24.9% of the province's households.[15] It was rich in terms of minerals.[16][17] Toliara province was in the news in July 2005 for its mining activity.[18]
Abolition
The provinces were abolished following the results of Malagasy constitutional referendum, 2007 which led to the formation of 22 smaller areas (faritra or regions) to facilitate regional development.[19]
Administrative divisions
Toliara Province was divided into four regions of Madagascar - Androy, Anosy, Atsimo Andrefana and Menabe. These four regions became the first-level administrative divisions when the provinces were abolished in 2009. They are sub-divided into 21 districts:
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- Androy region:
- 2. Ambovombe-Androy
- 5. Bekily
- 6. Beloha
- 21. Tsiombe
- Atsimo-Andrefana region:
- Anosy region:
- Menabe region:
- 7. Belon'i Tsiribihina
- 12. Mahabo
- 13. Manja
- 14. Miandrivazo
- 16. Morondava
References
- ↑ Frawley 2003, p. 205.
- ↑ Lovatelli & Conand 2004, p. 141.
- ↑ Collins & Morris 1985, p. 354.
- ↑ International Monetary Fund 1997, p. 47.
- ↑ International Monetary Fund 2003, p. 20.
- ↑ International Monetary Fund 1997, p. 52.
- ↑ International Monetary Fund 1997, p. 53.
- ↑ World Bank 2002, p. 50.
- ↑ Timbers 2, p. 364.
- ↑ van der Vossen & Mkamilo 2007, p. 118.
- ↑ Cook 2010, p. 84.
- ↑ Political Chronology of Africa 2003, p. 261.
- ↑ International Monetary Fund 2003, p. 29.
- ↑ International Monetary Fund 2003, p. 32.
- ↑ International Monetary Fund 2003, p. 39.
- ↑ List of minerals
- ↑ Milisenda & Henn 1996, pp. 177–178.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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Bibliography
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