Tupolev Tu-116

Tu-116
File:Tu-116 in Ulyanovsk Aircraft Museum.JPG
A Tu-116 on display at the Ulyanovsk Aircraft Museum
Role	VIP Transport
Manufacturer	Tupolev
First flight	1957
Primary user	Soviet Air Force
Number built	2
Developed from	Tupolev Tu-95

The Tupolev Tu-116 (Russian: Tyполев Тy-116) is a turboprop-powered long-range airliner designed by the Tupolev design bureau and built in the USSR.

Development

The Tu-116, like the Tu-114, was based on the Tu-95 strategic bomber. Both airliners were developed in parallel with the Tu-116 taking priority due to the numerous visits of General Secretary Nikita Khrushchev to both Western and Eastern countries during the so-called Khrushchev Thaw. The aircraft's mission was to transport the head of state together with his security detail and entourage. Concurrent development of the Tu-114 and Tu-116 was justified by Khrushchev's coming visit to the United States at which time the Tu-114 might not have been ready.

Initially the airliner was to be developed very quickly, a little over a year, due to relative simplicity of modifications. However, the initial introduction date was moved from September 1956 to 1957 because the Tupolev Design Bureau was overloaded with military orders.

The airliner received the internal code Tu-114D ("Diplomatic"), which later created some confusion - the Tu-114D was also the official designation of the long-range variant for trans-atlantic flights, the letter D standing for "dalniy" (Russian for "long-range"), which also had 64 total passenger seats.

Design

The airliner was to transport 24 passengers including a cook, a flight attendant, a navigator-announcer to inform the passengers about the flight, and, when necessary, 10-12 armed guards.

Technically, the airliner wasn't much different from the original Tu-95. All protective and bombing equipment was removed, and the space behind the wings was given to two passenger cabins, a lavatory, a wardrobe, and a service room with a total area of 70 square meters, with windows cut into the fuselage. The first passenger cabin held 6-8 passengers and the second one was designed for three VIP-passengers, eqiupped with beds and couches.

The pressurized cabin led to a short hallway with a staircase which was lowered to allow access from the ground. It also served as an emergency exit.

The flight crew consisted of two pilots, navigator, flight engineer, flight mechanic and radio operator.

Operational history

The two Tu-116 were modified from two regular Tu-95 MSN 402 and 409. Neither was ever used to transport the head of state.

After flight testing, both airliners were transferred to the Soviet Air Force and served for various purposes until the early 1990s.

Specifications (Tu-116)

General characteristics

• Crew: 7-8
• Capacity: 24 passengers (60 pax. max)
• Payload:
  

• Normal:
• Maximum: 32,000 kg (70,400 lb)

• Length: 46.17 m (151.5 ft)
• Wingspan: 54.1 m (177.5 ft)
• Height: 15.5 m (50.8 ft)
• Wing area: 311.1 m² (3,349 ft²)
• Empty weight: 93,500 kg (205,700 lb)
• Max. takeoff weight: 182,000 kg (400,400 lb)
• Powerplant: 4 × Kuznetsov NK-12MV turboprops driving contra-rotating props, (15,000 hp) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 900 km/h (563 mph) 489 knots
• Cruise speed: 800 km/h (434 knots)
• Range: 10,750 km (5,805 nautical mi)
• Service ceiling: 12,000 m (39,000 ft)
• Wing loading: 421 kg/m² (86.2 lb/ft²)
• Power/mass: 168 W/kg (0.102 hp/lb)