Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis'
| Ulmus glabra | |
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| File:Ulmus glabra horizontalis.jpg
'Horizontalis', Ballarat Botanical Garden, Australia
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| Cultivar | 'Horizontalis' |
| Origin | Perth, Scotland |
The Wych Elm cultivar Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis', commonly known as the Weeping Wych Elm or Horizontal Elm, was discovered in a Perth nursery circa 1816. The tree was originally identified as 'Pendula' by Loddiges (London), in his catalogue of 1836, a name adopted by Loudon two years later in Arb. Frut. Brit 3: 1398, but later sunk as a synonym for 'Horizontalis'.[1]
Contents
Description
'Horizontalis' has branches that extend out horizontally with weeping branchlets. It is usually grafted onto a tall understock of Ulmus glabra to effectively display its weeping habit. The tree can eventually grow to a height of 20 metres with a similar spread.[2] It can be distinguished from the related Camperdown Elm by its more spreading and flattened canopy and much larger mature size, although its shape does vary widely, as noted by Loudon: "A beautiful...tree generally growing to one side, spreading its branches out in a fan-like manner...sometimes horizontally and at other times almost perpendicularly downwards so that the head of the tree exhibits great variety of shape".[3]
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Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis') in Fernhill Cemetery, New Brunswick.
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Top of pendula.jpg
Top of Ulmus glabra 'Horizontalis' in Royal Pavilion Gardens, Brighton, UK, in 1988
Pests and diseases
'Horizontalis' is not known to be any less susceptible to Dutch elm disease than the species.
Cultivation
The cultivar was first distributed in Germany by Booth of Hamburg, who bought the entire Perth stock. It was also known to have been marketed in Poland in the 19th century by the Ulrich nursery.[4] Warsaw.
Notable trees
There are two notable TROBI Champion trees in the British Isles, one at Rathmullan House, County Donegal, measuring 6 m high by 114 cm d.b.h. in 2010, and the other at Glen Mooar, Isle of Man, measuring 14 m high by 84 cm d.b.h. in 1998. [5]
Synonymy
- 'Tabletop Elm': Anon.
- Ulmus glabra 'Pendula' Anon.
- Ulmus montana (: glabra) var. decumbens: Masters, Hortus Duroverni, 67, 1831, name in synonymy.
- Ulmus montana (: glabra) var. pendula. Loddiges, (Hackney, London), Catalogue 1836, and Loudon, Arb. Frut. Brit. 3: 1398, 1838, also by Krüssmann in Parey Blumengartn. ed. 2, 1: 519, 1958, as a cultivar.
- Ulmus montana (: glabra) 'Parasol': Koch, Dendr. 2 (1): 417, 1872, name in synonymy.
- Ulmus pendulina: Sinclair, in Donn, Hortus Cantabrigensis ed. 12. 110, 1831, but without description.
Accessions
- North America
- Dawes Arboretum [3], Newark, Ohio. 2 trees, no acc. details available.
- Holden Arboretum. Acc. no. 55-1033 (as U. glabra 'Pendula').
- Morris Arboretum [4], University of Pennsylvania. Acc. no. 56-239-A
- Kenyon College has a weeping elm called the upside-down tree near Ransom Hall.
- Europe
- Arboretum de La Petite Loiterie [5], Monthodon, France. No details available
- Brighton & Hove City Council, UK, NCCPG elm collection [6]. Several trees, largest in Royal Pavilion Grounds.
- Dubrava Arboretum, Lithuania. No details available.
- Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia. Acc. nos. 18112, 18113, (as U. glabra 'Pendula').
- Linnaean Gardens of Uppsala, Finland. Acc. nos. 1976-1051, 1974-1111, 1977-1092 (as forma pendula, and 'Pendula' resp.).
- Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Ampfield, Hampshire, UK; acc. no. 1977.5056
- Strona Arboretum Ulmus lamellosa, University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. Listed as Ulmus glabra 'Pendula'
- Tallinn Botanic Garden, Estonia [7]. Listed as 'Pendula'; no accession details available.
- University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Listed as Ulmus glabra 'Pendula'; no accession details available.
- Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France: Fine examples around the cathedral in 2007.
- Cheyenne Walk, Chelsea, London, UK- Line of four trees in the heart of Chelsea.
Australasia
- Ballarat Botanical Gardens. One tree listed on the Significant Tree Register of the National Trust.
- Eastwoodhill Arboretum [8], Gisborne, New Zealand. 2 trees, details not known.
- Hascombe, Mount Macedon. 100 years old (2009).
- Smeaton, Victoria: Corringarra Road: A line of six trees with different foliage from type,. These could be Petzold's 'Scampstoniensis Pendula' trees as they bear resemblance to 'Horizontalis', but are not typical of the type.
Nurseries
Europe
- Arboretum Waasland [9], Nieuwkerken-Waas, Belgium, (as U. glabra 'Pendula').
- Boomwekerijen 'De Batterijen', Ochten, Netherlands [10] (as Ulmus glabra Pendula)
- Dulford Nurseries, Cullompton, Devon, UK [11] (as Ulmus glabra 'Pendula')
- UmbraFlor [12], Spello, Italy (as Ulmus montana 'Pendula')
- Westerveld Boomkwekerij B.V.[13], Opheusden, The Netherlands (as Ulmus glabra 'Pendula').
Australasia
References
- ↑ Green, P. S. (1964). Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus. Arnoldia Vol. 24, Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. [1]
- ↑ Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. VII. pp 1848-1929. Private publication [2]
- ↑ Nicholson, George, (Ed.), (1888). The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening - A practical scientific encyclopedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists. Upcott-Gill, London.
- ↑ Ulrich, C. (1894), Katalog Drzew i Krezewow, C. Ulrich, Rok 1893-94, Warszawa
- ↑ Johnson, O. (2011). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland, p. 169. (listed as 'Pendula'). Kew Publishing, Kew, London. ISBN 9781842464526.
