Umm ar-Rihan

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Umm ar-Rehan
Other transcription(s)
 • Arabic أم الريحان
 • Also spelled Khirbet Umm ar-Rehan[1] (official)
Umm ar-Rehan is located in the Palestinian territories
Umm ar-Rehan
Umm ar-Rehan
Location of Umm ar-Rehan within the Palestinian Territories
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Governorate Jenin
Government
 • Type Village council
Population (2007)[2]
 • Jurisdiction 370
Name meaning "Mother of Basil"[1]

Umm ar-Rehan (Arabic: أم الريحان‎‎, meaning "Mother of Basil"; also transliterated Umm Rihan or Um al-Rehan) is a Palestinian village of 370 inhabitants located high on the northwestern hills of the Jenin Governorate, 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) from Jenin.[3] It is one of a number of Palestinian villages that are now located within enclaves in the Seam Zone[3]

Umm al-Rehan is one of seven villages that form part of the Barta'a enclave,[4] which is named for the enclave's largest town: eastern Barta'a (pop. 3,500).[5]

Overview

In Roman times, the town of Umm ar-Rehan covered an area of 36-40 hectares, consisting of approximately a hundred houses, a road system, and a Roman bathhouse.[6] Archaeological artifacts dating back to Byzantine times have also been uncovered there.[7]

In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described the place has having "traces of ruins; drafted stones of good sized masonry [..] West of it in the valley is a ruined watchtower".[8]

The wood near the village is site of a memorial to early Palestinian militant leader Izz ad-Din al-Qassam of the Black Hand, killed in a gunfight with the British Palestine Police Force.[9]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Kh. Umm Al-Rihan had a population 25, all Muslims.[10]

In 1945 the population of Umm ar-Rihan was counted with that of Ya'bad, in an official land and population survey.[11][12][13][14]

Under the 1947 United Nations partition plan for Palestine, Umm ar-Rehan was to form part of an Arab Palestinian state.

post 1948

After the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, Umm ar-Rehan fell under de facto Jordanian rule like other towns and villages in the West Bank, and after the 1967 Six-Day War, under Israeli occupation.

On August 27, 1998, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) used bulldozers to uproot thousands of fruits trees on tens of dunums of land belonging to Umm ar-Rehan and az-Zawiya villages to prepare the ground for the construction of two new settlements.[15] On October 10, 2000, more land belonging to Umm ar-Rehan was bulldozed to expand the Shaked and Hinnanit settlements.[15][16]

In the months following the outbreak of the Second Intifada, Israeli checkpoints were erected on the eastern and southern roads to nearby Tura al-Gharbiya and Ya'bad, limiting access to the rest of the West Bank; the checkpoints were preserved as crossings in the Israeli West Bank barrier. Umm ar-Rehan's location in area east of the Green Line and west of the Israeli West Bank barrier is often referred to as the "Seam Zone".[3]

Present-day

Umm ar-Rehan is under the Palestinian National Authority's civil administration as per the Oslo Accords. There is one primary school run by the PNA, but no secondary school, clinic or other medical facilities.[3] Um ar-Rehan residents can access the clinic in Barta'a Sharqiyya by way of an unpaved road.[5] The 4,700 people who live in the Barta'a area enclave depend on this government clinic which has a pharmacy and also offers counseling on health awareness, but lacks medical specialists, laboratory testing and family planning services.[5]

The main terminal to enter and exit the Barta'a Sharqiya-Um ar-Rehan enclave is Imreiha (Reikhan).[17] In November 2004, it was open between 6am and 10am to Palestinians with green permits only.[17] In August 2006, it was open between 7am and 9am between which times Israeli goods and produce enter the enclave area.[18] Produce from the village for export to Israel is sent out only with prior coordination with the Israeli authorities.[18]

On 30 April 2004, armed Israeli settlers entered the village and fired shots in the air before briefly taking over the primary school.[19] They threatened to "expel" the Palestinians, urging them to go to nearby Ya'bad on the other side of the separation barrier.[19] An official from the Education Ministry of the Palestinian National Authority and villager Faruat Zaid said they tried to contact the IDF about the raid, but there had been no response.[19] Both the IDF and police said they had been unaware of the incident.[19]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Palmer, 1881, p. 150
  2. 2007 PCBS Census. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. p.104.
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  8. Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 64
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  10. Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Jenin, p. 30
  11. Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 17
  12. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 55
  13. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 100
  14. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 150
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Bibliography

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External links