Union, Progress and Democracy

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Union, Progress and Democracy
Unión, Progreso y Democracia
Spokesperson Andrés Herzog[1]
Founded 26 September 2007 (2007-09-26)
Headquarters C/ Cedaceros, 11, 2º H, 28014, Madrid
Think tank Progress and Democracy Foundation
Membership 6,071 (2014)[2]
Ideology Progressivism[3][4]
Social liberalism[5][6][7][8]
Secularism[9][10]
Centralism[7][8][11][12][13][14][15]
Radicalism[16]
Reformism[11][17]
Constitutionalism[18]
European federalism[19]
Radical centrism[20][21]
Spanish patriotism[22]
Postnationalism[23]
Political position Centre[7][8][12][20][21][24][25][26]
International affiliation None
European Parliament group Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
Colours      Magenta
Regional Parliaments
1 / 1,268
European Parliament
2 / 54
Local Government (2015)
128 / 67,511
Mayors in Spain
3 / 8,122
Website
www.upyd.es
Politics of Spain
Political parties
Elections

Union, Progress and Democracy[28][29][30][31][32][33] (Spanish: Unión, Progreso y Democracia[note 1] [uˈnjon pɾoˈɣɾeso i ðemoˈkɾaθja], official abbreviation UPyD [upeiˈðe], occasionally referred to as UPD [upeˈðe]) is a Spanish political party founded in September 2007. It is a social liberal party[6] which rejects peripheral nationalism in all forms, including the separatist Basque and Catalan movements.[34] The party proposes substituting a more proportional election law for the current one,[35] and wants a federal system for Europe without overlap between the European, national and regional governments.[36] Mikel Buesa at a 2007 party presentation and Irene Lozano in a 2013 television interview have explained the origin of the three concepts which make up the party's name: "Union" because of their unconditional defence of "the unity of Spain"; "Progress" because they affirm to be "a progressive party, respectful of individual freedom", and "Democracy" because they are "a radical party which is committed to deepen democracy".[37][38][39][40]

UPyD first stood for election in the 9 March 2008 general election. It received 303,246 votes, or 1.2 percent of the national total, and one seat in the Congress of Deputies[41] for party co-founder Rosa Díez, becoming the newest party with national representation in Spain. Although its core is in the Basque Autonomous Community, with roots in anti-ETA civic associations, it addresses a national audience. Prominent members of the party include philosopher Fernando Savater, party founder and former PSOE MEP Rosa Díez, philosopher Carlos Martínez Gorriarán and writer Álvaro Pombo.

At its Second Party Congress in November 2013, UPyD reported 6,165 registered members (down from an all-time high of 6,634 in 2011.[42] In 2009 the party founded the think tank Fundación Progreso y Democracia (FPyD: Progress and Democracy Foundation), which has been presided over by UPyD spokesperson Rosa Díez.[43]

In the general elections held on 20 November 2011, the party won 1,143,225 votes (4.70 percent), five seats in the Congress of Deputies[44] (four in Madrid and one in Valencia) and became the fourth-largest political force in the country. It had the greatest increase of votes over the previous general election of any party.[45]

Origins

Two seated, middle-aged men
Álvaro Pombo (left) and Fernando Savater at a party meeting

On 19 May 2007, 45 people met in San Sebastián to discuss the creation of a new political party opposing both major parties (the People's Party and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party) at the national level. Most present were Basques, many of whom had long experience in political, union and civic organizations with left-wing, liberal and activist backgrounds. After the meeting, to create a broad-based social and political project they formed the Plataforma Pro organization. This united those who considered it necessary to form a new national political party appealing to people across the democratic political spectrum. Its platform was:

  • The fight against ETA and politically-motivated violence
  • Regeneration of Spanish democracy
  • Opposition to compulsory nationalism
  • Reforming the Spanish Constitution of 1978 to reinforce civil liberties and equality, independent of regional origin

Among the supporters of Plataforma Pro were philosopher Fernando Savater, ¡Basta Ya! coordinator and spokesman Carlos Martínez Gorriarán and former Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) MEP Rosa Díez. Díez resigned her PSOE membership and her MEP position in August 2007 to become involved with the UPyD project. Groups supporting Plataforma Pro included Citizens of Catalonia (notably Albert Boadella, Arcadi Espada and Xavier Pericay) and ¡Basta Ya!, a major influence on the new movement. In September 2007, Forum Ermua president Mikel Buesa announced their intention to participate in the political party arising from Plataforma Pro; he resigned in 2009 due to disagreements with Rosa Díez.

File:Teresa gimenez barbat.jpg
Teresa Giménez Barbat, UPyD council member in Catalonia and president of Citizens of Catalonia

At a 29 September 2007 meeting in the auditorium of the Casa de Campo in Madrid, the new party was formed. Participants in its formation included Catalan dramatist Albert Boadella, Basque philosopher Fernando Savater, Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa and Rosa Díez. Also present were journalist Arcadi Espada, anthropologists Teresa Giménez Barbat and Felix Perez Romera (three prominent Citizens of Catalonia members), historian Antonio Elorza, painter Agustín Ibarrola, former Forum Ermua leader Mikel Buesa, philosopher Carlos Martínez Gorriarán, Citizens deputies Albert Rivera and Antonio Robles, Peruvian writer Fernando Iwasaki, former UGT secretary general Nicolas Redondo and People's Party Basque MP Fernando Maura. Maura joined the new party's advisory council on 6 November 2007. Writer Álvaro Pombo later expressed support for UPyD, running as a candidate for the party.

Ideology

File:Rosa Diez Aniversario.jpg
Rosa Díez at a party meeting

Ideologically, UPyD declares itself to be progressive,[46] social liberal,[47] secular,[46] radical,[48] constitutionalist,[49] pro-Europeanist and European federalist,[50] cross-sectional,[46] defender of liberal democracy,[51] Spanish patriot[52] and postnationalist.[53] However, UPyD is not defined by itself as either left or right and its constituency includes voters with an affinity for the political right as well as part of the Socialist Party's disenchanted voters.[54]

When UPyD is asked to be placed on the left–right political spectrum, it defines itself as a "progressive party, politically located on the centre",[55] embracing ideas across the political spectrum.[56] According to spokesperson Rosa Díez, the party is "progressive and cross-sectional: it's got leftist people and right-wing, liberal people".[57] According to Álvaro Anchuelo, UPyD is a "monarchist party insofar as the monarchy fulfils its function".[58] Other additional identity signs are "constitutionalism", defining it as the upholding of the Spanish state of law under the Spanish Constitution of 1978; "secularism", defining it as the defence of a religiously neutral state in which a religious confession isn't privileged over others;[59] "liberal democracy", defining it as the form of government which best balances power and individual rights;[51][60] "Spanish patriotism", defining it as the defence of common values: justice, freedom and equality;[61] and "postnationalism", defining it as the opposition to compulsory nationalism.[53] Díez defined UPyD, in opposition to Spain's peripheral nationalist and pro-independence parties, as "an unequivocally national party, with a unique agenda for Spain".[62] According to Díez, UPyD is "a radical party which wants to transform politics by bringing off substantial, in-depth changes from within institutions".[48] She described UPyD's political doctrine as "social liberalism", with the party combining elements of "political liberalism" and "social democracy".[47] Although UPyD has been generally assessed by political scientists and the media (such as the European Social Survey, the Financial Times and The Economist) as a centre party, it was considered centre-left by Navarra confidencial[63] and centre-right by the Encyclopædia Britannica.[28]

Policies

Party proposals are:

Woman in a dress, speaking at a podium
Rosa Díez at a party meeting
  1. Reform of the Spanish Constitution of 1978, focusing on three areas:
    • Doing away with the autonomic Spanish state.[64] UPyD wants Spain to adopt a system of symmetric federalism with broad political centralization as a territorial model,[65] clearly defining in the Constitution which powers are exclusive of the State and which ones are transferable to autonomous communities or municipalities.[66] The party wants to centralize competences that concern citizens' fundamental rights like education, health and justice among others[67] because the State of Autonomies, besides creating nationwide inequalities,[68][69] is considered to be "elephantine, politically unviable and economically unsustainable".[70] Another aspect of UPyD's symmetric federalism is the abolition of Navarre's and the Basque Country's chartered regimes, establishing a common system of funding for all autonomous communities.[71] Other noteworthy proposals are the suppression of provincial councils (diputaciones provinciales) and district councils (comarcas),[72] the merger of municipalities with less than 5,000 inhabitants[73] and the elimination of the Senate.[74]
    • Improvement and reinforcement of individual rights and obligations, strictly defined for all Spanish citizens without territorial, linguistic, ideological or religious inequalities. "The unity of Spain" would be "the only instrument to ensure the equality of the whole of the Spanish citizenry".[75]
    • Deepening of the separation of powers, increasing judicial autonomy to ensure the independence of the Constitutional Court, the Court of Accounts and economic regulatory bodies from the executive.
  2. By turning Spain into a secular state, the party supports a revision of existing agreements with the Holy See, the self-financing of the Catholic Church and other religious confessions and the total separation of church and state.[76] Secularity for UPyD consists in "respecting only religions which are compatible with human rights, the state of law and democracy",[77][78] so the magenta party decries Islam because of "adulterous women's stoning" and "homosexuals' murder".[79][80] Following this line of thought, the party supports the banning of Islamic headscarves (from burqa to hijab) in public spaces because they are considered "a way to subjugate women to men within Islam".[81][82]
  3. Reform of election law to achieve voter equality, regardless of residence, and increase minority-party representation. In 2008 Rosa Díez submitted a bill in the Congress of Deputies to amend the Organic Act of the General Electoral Regime (LOREG), increasing the number of MPs from 350 to 400. Of the 400 MPs, one would be elected from each province and one from each autonomous community for a total of 52. Another 146 MPs would be elected by autonomous communities proportionate to population. The remaining 200 would be elected from a single, national-character constituency. The party proposed eliminating the requirement for extra-parliamentary parties to receive 0.1 percent of their constituencies' electorate,[83] later replacing the D'Hondt method with the Hare quota.[84]
  4. Improvements in public education to promote secularism and scientific investigation, end language discrimination and ensure language choice in all nonlinguistic subjects in autonomous communities with more than one official language. UPyD guarantees bilingualism by making the study of Spanish and regional languages compulsory.[85] The party opposes language discrimination in all public services.[86][87]
  5. Changes in the democratic system: an open list electoral system,[88] direct election of mayors in a two-round system (preventing post-election agreements misrepresenting the citizens' will),[89] a limit of two successive full terms for executive public officeholders,[90] banning the combination of two (or more) public offices[91] and reducing former high officeholders' conflicts of interest.[92] The party suggests making political parties' funding more transparent, increasing their independence from economic interests.
  6. Defeating ETA and other terrorist organizations, closing their funding channels and blocking their political justification. UPyD wants to outlaw the Amaiur, Bildu, EH Bildu and Sortu, considering the groups ETA's political arm; they justify ETA's violence, calling its imprisoned members "jailed politicians".[93][94]
  7. Economic and social measures promoting economic development and correcting inequalities. The state should improve workers' education, training and safety, integrate internal markets with infrastructure, favour research and innovation in business and guarantee economic freedom and competition.
  8. Immigration control: Although the party believes that Ceuta’s and Melilla’s border fences must be protected, illegal immigrants must be treated sensitively and humanely.[95] UPyD believes that the Civil Guard should stop illegal immigrants and legally repatriate them to their country of origin countries (or return them to the country from which they entered) without violating their human rights.[96] It opposes the use of razor wires[97] and rubber bullets,[96] asking the European Union for a European action protocol to stop illegal immigration.[96] The party wants the European Commission to include Ceuta and Melilla in the European customs area so the European Union will be involved in administering European external borders in both cities.[98] UPyD would like to strengthen EU territorial integration.
  9. Environmental policy which makes technological and economic development compatible with environmental and biodiversity protection. The party favors nuclear energy as part of an energy mix which includes renewable energy[99] and hydraulic fracturing,[100] scientific research of climate change and possible corrective measures, and strengthening laws on the protection of natural areas, opposing the loss of coastline and sensitive natural areas to urbanization and other misuses.
  10. UPyD favors a Limits Law decriminalizing abortion before fourteen weeks.[101] Limits would be determined by medical and scientific consensus, based on the early detection of malformations. Beyond that period UPyD favors abortion only to save a mother's life, reconciling her right to consenting maternity with the protection of an unborn person.[102] The party considers abortion "a drama" rather than a right, supporting early sex education and information about all available contraceptive methods to prevent unwanted pregnancies.[103] UPyD opposes abortion access by minors without parental consent.[104]

Funding

Shortly after the party's creation, on 13 December 2007, UPyD held a press conference headed by Rosa Díez, Mikel Buesa, and Fernando Savater at which it denounced "evidently unequal" treatment by Spanish banks, which denied the party loans while forgiving debts held by the other political parties. Although party activity was funded by membership fees and small donations, it "could not continue this way" or contest an election with such meager resources. Therefore, the party leadership decided to offer €200, €500 and €1,000 bonds to fund the party's campaign for the 2008 general elections. The bonds, totaling €3 million–€5 million, were sold at party offices, on the internet and over a toll-free phone line. The party pledged to report the amount of the loans obtained and the state of its accounts, and intended to repay the money after the elections with institutional funding for parties with parliamentary representation.

Elections

Smiling woman standing at a podium, flanked by two applauding men
Luis de Velasco Rami, Rosa Díez and David Ortega

The party's national spokesperson, Rosa Díez, won a seat in the general election of 2008 from Madrid Province with 3.74 percent of the vote. Other prominent candidates were writer Álvaro Pombo (for the Senate) and Carlos Martínez Gorriarán, both of whom failed to win seats.

In 2009, the party gained representation in the European Parliamentary election and the Basque Regional Elections. Their MEP, Francisco Sosa Wagner, sat in the non-aligned group in the European parliament. In the Basque elections, Gorka Maneiro was elected to represent Álava.

In 2011 Luis de Velasco Rami and 7 other UPyD members were elected to the Madrid Assembly, with UPyD becoming the fourth-largest party. In the 2011 local elections, the party won seats in Madrid, Burgos, Ávila, Granada, Alicante and Murcia. UPyD received the fourth-largest number of votes in the 2011 general election: 1,143,225, or 4.70 percent. Of the five seats won, four (held by Rosa Díez, Carlos Martínez Gorriarán, Álvaro Anchuelo and Irene Lozano) were in Madrid; actor Toni Cantó was elected in Valencia Province.

In the 2014 European Parliament Elections Francisco Sosa Wagner was reelected and UPyD won three extra seats (for Maite Pagazaurtundúa, Fernando Maura and Beatriz Becerra), consolidating their support nationwide. The party's MEPs planned to join the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Group.[105]

Criticism

In July 2009 party co-founder Mikel Buesa announced his resignation from UPyD, denouncing "authoritarian control" imposed by a group in the party.[106] After its First Party Congress in November 2009 100 UPyD critics (including four founding members) left the party, "tired and disappointed" with the "authoritarian" Rosa Díez and the party's "lack of internal democracy".[107] By early 2010 the party lost 40 percent of its membership in Catalonia,[108] amid allegations that the party was a fraud.[109]

Election results

Congress of Deputies and Senate

Election Congress of Deputies Senate Rank Government Leader
Votes  % ±pp Seats won +/− Seats won +/−
2008 306,079 1.2% New
1 / 350
Increase1
0 / 208
±0 #6 Opposition Rosa Díez
2011 1,143,225 4.7% Increase3.5
5 / 350
Increase4
0 / 208
±0 #4 Opposition Rosa Díez
2015 153,505 0.6% Decrease4.1
0 / 350
Decrease5
0 / 208
±0 #11 No seats Andrés Herzog

European Parliament

European Parliament
Election Votes  % ±pp Seats won +/− Rank Candidate
2009 451,866 2.9% New
1 / 54
Increase1 #5 Francisco Sosa Wagner
2014 1,022,232 6.5% Increase3.6
4 / 54
Increase3 #5 Francisco Sosa Wagner

Local councils

Local councils
Election Votes  % ±pp Seats won +/− Rank Leader
2011 464,824 2.1% New
152 / 68,286
Increase152 #5 Rosa Díez
2015[110] 232,478 1.0% Decrease1.1
128 / 67,511
Decrease24 #12 Rosa Díez

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ The official Spanish name is frequently written with the comma omitted.

References

  1. ↑ (Spanish)El portavoz de UPyD buscará un lugar para Díez al final de la legislatura, El Pais, 12 July 2015
  2. ↑ (Spanish)UPyD saca pecho en plena guerra con C's y presume de tener 2.000 simpatizantes más - El Confidencial
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Could a pair of minority groups spell the end of Spain's two-party system? - El País
  5. ↑ Painter 2013, p. 208: "The leftist ‘United Left’ and the moderate social liberal party Union, Progress and Democracy, saw their support increase by 3 per cent and 3.5 per cent, respectively"
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 UPyD. Ideology: centralism, social liberalism. Political Position: Centre, European Social Survey
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Dorange 2013, p. 100: "Partido españolista republicano, nacional y laico"
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "and a centralist and centrist party had emerged: UPyD", Spanish Journal of Sociological Research
  13. ↑ Gillespie & Gray 2015: "The Concierto has been subject to a growing number of attacks from both PP and socialist politicians in other ACs and from the most centralist party, Unión Progreso y Democracia (UPyD, Union Progress and Democracy) founded in 2007 —the only state-wide party actively to oppose the Concierto even in the Basque Country"
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ It’s two years ago today when Mariano Rajoy led the Partido Popular to an overall majority, Typically Spanish
  16. ↑ (Spanish) "La abigarrada diversidad de nuestro ALDE nos revela no sólo la convivencia de nacionalistas de distinto signo, sino también de formaciones de ascendencia radical, como UPyD", Simón Alegre (political scientist)
  17. ↑ Vidal & Jiménez Losantos 2012: "cualquier acuerdo con UPyD, la única fuerza reformista española"
  18. ↑ (Spanish) UPyD y Ciudadanos no pueden resignarse a ser irrelevantes, El Mundo's editorial
  19. ↑ The party is the most pro-European in Spain, and supports a federal Europe, which it sees as an important guarantor of individual rights, Demsoc Europe
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Azagra Ros & Romero González 2012, p. 120: "más el radical-centrismo de UPyD"
  22. ↑ (French) Un parti centriste irrite les grands partis, Le Temps
  23. ↑ PNV takes first ETA-free elections, El País
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Encyclopædia Britannica 2014, p. 488: "and Union, Progress and Democracy (UPD, 7.7%) on the centre-right"
  29. ↑ Ugarriza & Caluwaerts 2014, p. 68.
  30. ↑ Bel i Queralt 2012, p. XVII.
  31. ↑ Field & Botti 2013, p. 10.
  32. ↑ Ross, Richardson & Sangrador-Vegas 2013, p. 77.
  33. ↑ Ştefuriuc 2013, p. XII.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ (Spanish) "Unión: defendemos la unidad de España. Progreso: somos progresistas y Democracia: somos demócratas radicales", UPyD's Official Twitter
  41. ↑ 2008 Cortes Generales Election Results. Ministerio del Interior. 10 March 2008. Last Retrieved 10 April 2008. (Spanish)
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Presentación (Spanish), Fundación Progreso y Democracia website, Retrieved 6 April 2014
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 (Spanish) Rosa Díez: "No somos un partido contenedor, ni de izquierdas ni de derechas, sino progresistas", Vozpópuli
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 (Spanish) "Somos un partido radical y profundamente institucional, hay que transformar la política a fondo y de fondo desde las instituciones", UPyD
  49. ↑ (Spanish) Rosa Díez UPyD: "Nosotros somos profundamente constitucionalistas", You Tube
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 (Spanish) "y avanzar hacia una auténtica democracia liberal igualitaria", Political resolutions of UPyD's second congress
  52. ↑ (Spanish) Rosa Díez: «ser patriota español no es otra cosa que defender los valores comunes», UPyD
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Muñoz Mendoza 2012, p. 65: "UPyD, que evita ubicarse con claridad en el eje izquierda-derecha, recoge algunos sectores descontentos del PSOE pero también ciertos sectores más o menos vinculados con la derecha"
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ (Spanish) "UPyD ofrece entendimiento a través del transversalismo, que bien pueden servir sin necesidad de inclinarse a un lado o a otro, ya que todos tienen algo positivo que aportar y la formación magenta sabe bien sintetizar lo mejor de cada idea, ofreciendo un dulce cóctel al ciudadano" - UPyD
  57. ↑ (Spanish) Rosa Díez abre las puertas del nuevo partido a la "derecha liberal" - Libertad Digital
  58. ↑ (Spanish) UPyD apoya la monarquía en la medida que "cumpla su función" - Agencia Efe
  59. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. ↑ (Spanish) GRACIAS, MARIO... AUNQUE SÓLO SIRVAS PARA ESCRIBIR, UPyD
  61. ↑ (Spanish) Rosa Díez presenta a UPyD como el partido del voto útil - La Voz de Galicia
  62. ↑ (Spanish) Rosa Díez asegura que hay suficientes ciudadanos descontentos como para conseguir hasta dos diputados nacionales por Burgos - Radio Arlanzón
  63. ↑ (Spanish) 3 perspectivas para analizar los resultados de las elecciones - Navarra Confidencial
  64. ↑ (Spanish) Rosa Díez: “Hay que elegir: O Estado de las autonomías o el Estado del bienestar”, El País
  65. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  66. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  67. ↑ (Spanish) "Las competencias de educación, sanidad y justicia deben volver a ser del Estado" - UPyD
  68. ↑ Magone 2009, p. 186.
  69. ↑ (Spanish) UPyD denuncia el aumento de desigualdad en riqueza por habitante entre CCAA, con Extremadura y Euskadi en los extremos - Europa Press
  70. ↑ (Spanish) Díez: "Tenemos un modelo de Estado elefantiásico, inviable e insostenible" - Libertad Digital
  71. ↑ "Suprimir la disposición adicional primera que consagra los derechos históricos de los territorios forales, por ser contrarios al valor superior de la igualdad que rige la Constitución y por consolidar una situación inaceptable de privilegio de unos españoles sobre otros, además de por pretender la existencia de derechos históricos anteriores a la Constitución, lo que es insostenible" – Political resolutions of UPyD's first congress
  72. ↑ Díez insiste en eliminar las comarcas y unir municipios - El Periódico de Aragón
  73. ↑ Fusión de ayuntamientos y eliminación de Diputaciones - UPyD
  74. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  75. ↑ (Spanish) Discurso de Rosa Díez en la sesión de investidura de José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero - Libertad Digital
  76. ↑ (Spanish) "Hay que revisar el Concordato con la Santa Sede, pero sin aspavientos", UPyD
  77. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  78. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  79. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  80. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  81. ↑ (Spanish) Rosa Díez (UPyD), favorable a prohibir el velo islámico en espacios públicos, El Confidencial
  82. ↑ (Spanish) UPyD critica la sentencia que avala el uso del burka en edificios municipales, Las Provincias
  83. ↑ Montero & Riera 2010, p. 176.
  84. ↑ (Spanish) Ignacio Prendes: "Proponemos la reforma electoral para que más ciudadanos se sientan representados en nuestro sistema político" - UPyD
  85. ↑ (Spanish) Gorriarán: "Privar a un niño de una educación en lengua materna es un atentado contra sus derechos" - UPyD
  86. ↑ (Spanish) UPyD planteará en el Congreso erradicar por ley la imposición lingüística - Libertad Digital
  87. ↑ (Spanish) En defensa de la igualdad lingüística - UPyD
  88. ↑ (Spanish) "Una reforma de la Ley Electoral no puede ser un parche para responder a un problema puntual" - UPyD
  89. ↑ (Spanish) UPyD exige que los dirigentes políticos asuman su responsabilidad política en el caso de corrupción policial - Europa Press
  90. ↑ (Spanish) Rosa Díez: "En UPyD establecemos limitación de mandatos para nosotros mismos. Y defendemos que para los cargos institucionales ejecutivos esa limitación de mandatos se incorpore en la ley" - Andalucía Información
  91. ↑ (Spanish) UPyD apuesta por la celeridad en sus propuestas de medidas anticorrupción - Te interesa
  92. ↑ (Spanish) UPyD pide una regulación más estricta para evitar "puertas giratorias" como la que permite a Aznar negociar comisiones - Europa Press
  93. ↑ (Spanish) UPyD pide reforzar la Ley de Partidos para que los que apoyan al terrorismo "no destruyan la democracia desde dentro" - UPyD
  94. ↑ (Spanish) Maneiro: "Cuando EH Bildu se refiere a los presos de ETA como "presos políticos" está justificando a ETA" - UPyD of the Basque Country
  95. ↑ (Spanish) Rosa Díez dice que Fernández Díaz se "escondió" detrás de la Guardia Civil - Libertad Digital
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 96.2 (Spanish) Inmigración. UPyD reclama un protocolo europeo para contener la inmigración ilegal - Lainformación.com
  97. ↑ (Spanish) UPyD critica que el Gobierno recoloque las cuchillas en la valla de Melilla, "crueldad gratuita que atenta contra DDHH" - Europa Press
  98. ↑ (Spanish) UPyD exigirá a la UE que Ceuta y Melilla se incluyan en el espacio aduanero europeo - UPyD
  99. ↑ (Spanish) Rosa Díez pide una "Garoña II" y el mantenimiento de la actual planta - Diario de Burgos
  100. ↑ (Spanish) Gorriarán: "No se puede prohibir el 'fracking' si queremos una política energética racional" - UPyD
  101. ↑ (Spanish) Carlos M. Gorriarán UPyD: "Aborto: no se puede imponer por ley una moral particular" - vidqt.com
  102. ↑ (Spanish) Ni de izquierdas, ni de derechas - El País
  103. ↑ (Spanish) Enmienda a la totalidad de UPyD al Proyecto de Ley Orgánica de salud sexual y reproductiva y de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. ABORTO - UPyD
  104. ↑ (Spanish) Toni Cantó pide un "debate serio y en profundidad" sobre la reforma - Europa Press
  105. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  106. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  107. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  108. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  109. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  110. ↑ (Spanish) Resultados Definitivos Elecciones Municipales 2015, Ministerio del Interior

Bibliography

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External links

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