Union Station (Pittsburgh)

Pittsburgh
Location	1100 Liberty Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Owned by	Amtrak
Line(s)
Platforms	3 + 1 disused
Tracks	2 + 3 disused
Connections	Port Authority of Allegheny County
Construction
Bicycle facilities	Yes
Disabled access	Yes
Other information
Station code	PGH
History
Opened	1903
Rebuilt	1954 & 1988
Traffic
Passengers (2013)	135,137  4.5%
Services
Preceding station   Amtrak   Following station Alliance toward Chicago Capitol Limited Connellsville toward Washington, DC Terminus Pennsylvanian Greensburg toward New York City   Former services   Pennsylvania Railroad Federal Street toward Chicago Main Line Shadyside toward New York City or Exchange Place Terminus Pittsburgh – Oil City Shadyside toward Oil City Pittsburgh – Torrance Shadyside toward Torrance Federal Street toward Toledo Toledo – Pittsburgh Terminus Federal Street toward Erie Erie – Pittsburgh Federal Street toward Enon Enon – Pittsburgh Federal Street toward Cleveland Cleveland – Pittsburgh Fourth Avenue toward Columbus Columbus – Pittsburgh Fourth Avenue toward Washington, PA Chartiers Branch Fourth Avenue toward Wheeling Wheeling – Pittsburgh Fourth Avenue toward Brownsville Monongahela Division Preceding station   The "T"   Following station Terminus Downtown Subway closed Steel Plaza Terminus
Pennsylvania Railroad Station
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Pittsburgh Landmark — PHLF
Coordinates
Built	1898
Architect	D.H. Burnham & Company
Architectural style	Beaux Arts
NRHP Reference #	73001587 (rotunda) 76001597 (station)
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	rotunda: April 11, 1973 station: April 22, 1976
Designated PHLF	rotunda 1991, station 2003

Union Station (or Pennsylvania Station, commonly called Penn Station by locals) is a historic train station at Grant Street and Liberty Avenue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the United States. It was one of several passenger rail stations that served Pittsburgh during the 20th century (other stations included the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Station, the Baltimore and Ohio Station and Wabash Pittsburgh Terminal) and it is the only surviving station in active use.

History

PRR train at Pittsburgh Union Station, 31 March 1968

Unlike many union stations built in the U.S. to serve the needs of more than one railroad, this facility connected the Pennsylvania Railroad with several subsidiary lines; for that reason it was renamed in 1912 to match other Pennsylvania Stations. Thus, Union Station is a misnomer, as other major passenger rail carriers served travelers at other stations. For instance, the Baltimore and Ohio, used Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Station and Baltimore and Ohio Station and the Wabash Railroad used Wabash Pittsburgh Terminal.

The station building was designed by Chicago architect Daniel Burnham and built 1898–1903. The materials were a grayish-brown terra cotta that looked like brownstone, and brick. Though Burnham is regarded more as a planner and organizer rather than a designer of details, which were left to draftsmen like Peter Joseph Weber, the most extraordinary feature of the monumental train station is his: the rotunda with corner pavilions. At street level the rotunda sheltered turning spaces for carriages beneath wide low vaulted spaces that owed little to any historicist style. Above, the rotunda sheltered passengers in a spectacular waiting room. Burnham's firm went on to complete more than a dozen projects in Pittsburgh, some on quite prominent sites. The rotunda is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Service began at the station on October 12, 1901.

On January 3, 1954 the Pennsylvania Railroad announced a $31.8 million (2024 dollars) in expansion and renovation for the complex.

Penn Central's Spirit of St Louis (St. Louis-Cincinnati-Pittsburgh-Philadelphia-Washington express) consisting of a mere 4 cars, a shadow of its former prestigious self. July 1970

By the late 1970s the Penn Central Corporation was accepting bids for the complex and was purchased by the General Services Administration. There were proposals in 1978 to make the structure into a federal office building, a new city hall and a senior citizens apartment building. Amtrak proposed that the whole structure remain a train station and rail offices. In 1974 County Council proposed having the station be the site of the then planned David L. Lawrence Convention Center. The Buncher Development Company had an option to buy the property as late as 1984.

A $20 million restoration of Union Station began in 1986 to convert the office tower into apartments. It is now called The Pennsylvanian and opened to residents on May 23, 1988. The concourse, which is no longer open to the public, was transformed into a lobby for commercial spaces on the ground floor and the paint cleaned off the great central skylight. The rotunda which once offered shelter for carriages to turn around is now closed to vehicular traffic - modern cars and trucks are too heavy for the brick road surface and risk caving in the roof to the parking garage below it.

Architecture

In September 1978, The New Yorker art critic Brendan Gill proclaimed that Pittsburgh's Penn Station is "one of the great pieces of Beaux-Arts architecture in America...[one of the] symbols of the nation."

Current passenger service

Union Station continues to serve as an active railway station, but through a smaller passenger area on the Liberty Avenue side of the building. It is the western terminus of Amtrak's Pennsylvanian route and is along the Capitol Limited route. Until 2005, Pittsburgh was served by a third daily train, the Three Rivers (a replacement service for the legendary Broadway Limited), an extended version of the Pennsylvanian that terminated in Chicago. Its cancellation marked the first time in Pittsburgh's railway history that the city was served by just two daily passenger trains (the Pennsylvanian and Capitol Limited).

Union Station's Amtrak station code is PGH.

Penn Station (PAT Station)

The Port Authority opened a spur to Penn Park station in 1988, to link the 1985 downtown subway to the East Busway. However, the line was difficult to integrate into other services, since it utilized a portion of an old single tracked former Pennsylvania Railroad tunnel. This tunnel travels beneath the US Steel Tower, and the building's structural supports are on each side of the tunnel, prohibiting the installation of a second track. The station is still listed as part of the Red Line subway service but has had no regular service since 1993. As late as 2001, the line would only see, if any, up to two afternoon rush hour trains. An official reason for the discontinuation of service has not been given, however it may be attributed to the aforementioned infrastructure limitations as well as limited ridership. The station continues to be used in extremely limited circumstances, including usage as part of the Port Authority's detoured transportation routes following Super Bowl XLV on 6 February 2011. It is unlikely that Port Authority will restore service to the station in the foreseeable future, since the station is within the boundaries of the "Free Fare Zone", thus doing so would not generate additional revenue.

Connections

Port Authority bus connections

• 1, 11, 39, 40, 44, P1, P2, G2 P7, P10, P12, P13, P16, P17, P67, P68, P69, P71, P78,

Suburban transit connections

• Beaver County Transit Authority Routes 1, 3, & 4
• Fayette Area Coordinated Transportation Commuter
• Mid Mon Valley Transit Authority Route A
• Myers Coach Lines
• Washington City Transit Commuter & Commuter Express
• Westmoreland County Transit Authority Routes 1 & 4

Grant Street Transportation Center

Across the street is the Grant Street Transportation Center. It serves as an intercity bus station for:

• Greyhound
• Fullington Trailways
• Mountain Line Transit Authority
• New Castle Area Transit Authority Route 71

Gallery

• 

  The rotunda

• 

  Center of the rotunda

• 

  Union Station, ca. 1910

• 

  East Busway station near the railroad building.

• 

  T station

See also

• Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Station
• Baltimore and Ohio Station (Pittsburgh)
• Grant Street Station
• Wabash Pittsburgh Terminal

External links

• Amtrak – Stations – Pittsburgh, PA
• Images of Union Station, Pittsburgh
• Burnham's papers at the Carnegie Mellon Library
• Port Authority of Allegheny County Station Info
• Pittsburgh Amtrak Station (USA Rail Guide -- Train Web)
• Great American Stations
• The Pennsylvanian
• Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. PA-1175, "Pennsylvania Railroad Station Rotunda, Liberty, Grant & Eleventh Streets, Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, PA", 7 photos, 6 measured drawings, 3 data pages, 1 photo caption page
• HABS No. PA-1175-A, "Pennsylvania Railroad Station, South Baggage Passage & Canopy, 1101 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, PA", 4 photos, 9 data pages, 1 photo caption page
• HABS No. PA-1175-B, "Pennsylvania Railroad Station, Open Concourse & Concourse Roof Extension, 1101 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, PA", 4 photos, 7 data pages, 1 photo caption page