United States Senate elections, 1812 and 1813

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United States Senate elections, 1812 and 1813

← 1810 / 1811 Dates vary by state 1814 / 1815 →

12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
19 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Last election 27 seats (79.4%) 7 seats (20.6%)
Seats before 30 (83.3%) 6 (16.7%)
Seats won 28 (77.8%) 8 (22.2%)
Seat change Decrease 2 Increase 2
Seats up 10 2

Majority party before election

Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority party

Democratic-Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1812 and 1813 were elections that, coinciding with President James Madison's re-election, had the Democratic-Republican Party lose two seats but still retain an overwhelming majority in the United States Senate. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 36, or 16.7%) that they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Composition after September 1812 elections in the new state of Louisiana.

DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18
Majority → DR19
DR28 DR27 DR26 DR25 DR24 DR23 DR22 DR21 DR20
DR29 DR30 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

Beginning of the next Congress

DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18
Majority → DR19
DR28
Hold
DR27
Hold
DR26
Hold
DR25
Hold
DR24
Hold
DR23
Hold
DR22
Re-elected
DR21
Re-elected
DR20
F8
Gain
F7
Gain*
F6
Hold*
F5
Re-elected
F4 F3 F2 F1
Note:
  • F6 (New Hampshire seat): Incumbent Federalist lost re-election, but successor Federalist was elected late in 1813, after this Congress began.
  • F7 (Maryland seat): Incumbent Democratic-Republican lost re-election, but successor Federalist was elected late in 1813, after this Congress began.
Key:
DR# Democratic-Republican
F# Federalist
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 12th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1812 or before March 4, 1813; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Louisiana
(Class 3)
New seat Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.
Inaugural Senator elected September 3, 1812 for the term ending March 4, 1813.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Allan Magruder (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana
(Class 2)
New seat Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.
Inaugural Senator elected September 3, 1812 for the term ending March 4, 1817.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Jean Destréhan (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Thomas Posey Democratic-
Republican
1812 (Appointed) Jean Destréhan (DR) had resigned October 1, 1812 without having qualified.
Interim successor appointed October 8, 1812 to continue the term ending March 4, 1817.
Appointee lost election to finish the term.
Successor elected February 4, 1813, to finish the term ending March 4, 1817.
Democratic-Republican hold.
James Brown (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 13th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1813 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Connecticut Chauncey Goodrich Federalist 1807 (Special) Incumbent re-elected. Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia Charles Tait Democratic-
Republican
1809 (Special) Incumbent re-elected. Charles Tait (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky John Pope Democratic-
Republican
1807 (Elected) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Winner elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Jesse Bledsoe (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana Allan B. Magruder Democratic-
Republican
1812 (Elected) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Winner elected in 1813.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland Philip Reed Democratic-
Republican
1806 (Special)
1806 (Re-elected)
Legislature failed to elect and term began with the seat vacant.
Democratic-Republican loss.
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire Charles Cutts Federalist 1810 (Special) Legislature failed to elect and term began with the seat vacant.
Federalist loss.
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New York John Smith Democratic-
Republican
1804 (Special)
1807 (Re-elected)
Incumbent lost re-election
Winner elected February 2, 1813.
Federalist gain.
Rufus King (Federalist) 51.5%
James W. Wilkin (Democratic-Republican) 46.2%
John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 2.3%[1]
North Carolina Jesse Franklin Democratic-
Republican
1799 (Elected, Class 2)
1804 (Lost re-election)
1806 (Elected again)
Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1813.
Democratic-Republican hold.
David Stone (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Ohio Alexander Campbell Democratic-
Republican
1809 (Special) Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1813.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Pennsylvania Andrew Gregg Democratic-
Republican
1806 (Elected) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Winner elected in 1812.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Abner Lacock (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina John Gaillard Democratic-
Republican
1804 (Special)
1806 (Re-elected)
Incumbent re-elected. John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont Stephen R. Bradley Democratic-
Republican
1791 (Elected)
1795 (Lost re-election)
1801 (Special)
1807 (Re-elected)
Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1813.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Dudley Chase (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the 13th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1813 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Massachusetts
(Class 1)
James Lloyd (F) Federalist 1808 (Special)
1809 (Re-elected)
Resigned May 1, 1813.
Winner elected May 5, 1813.
Federalist hold.
Christopher Gore (Federalist)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Connecticut
(Class 3)
Chauncey Goodrich Federalist 1807 (Special)
1812 (Re-elected)
Incumbent resigned May 13, 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut.
Winner elected May 13, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1819.
Federalist hold.
David Daggett (Federalist)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland
(Class 3)
Vacant Legislature had failed to elect to the term starting March 4, 1813.
Winner elected May 21, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1819.
Federalist gain.
Robert Henry Goldsborough (Federalist)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware
(Class 2)
James A. Bayard Federalist 1804 (Elected)
1805 (Re-elected)
1811 (Re-elected)
Resigned March 3, 1813.
Winner elected May 21, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1817.
Federalist hold.
William H. Wells (Federalist)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire
(Class 3)
Vacant Legislature had failed to elect to the term starting March 4, 1813.
Interim Senator appointed April 2, 1813 to continue the term ending March 4, 1819.
Winner elected June 10, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1819.
Federalist gain.
Jeremiah Mason (Federalist)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia
(Class 2)
William Bulloch Democratic-
Republican
1807 (Special) William H. Crawford (DR) resigned March 23, 1813 to become U.S. Minister to France.
Interim Senator appointed April 8, 1813 to continue the term ending March 4, 1817.
Winner elected November 6, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1817.
Democratic-Republican hold.
William Wyatt Bibb (Democratic-Republican)
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

See also

References

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