Venetian Gothic architecture
Venetian Gothic is a term given to an architectural style combining use of the Gothic lancet arch with Byzantine and Moorish architecture influences. The style originated in 14th century Venice with the confluence of Byzantine styles from Constantinople, Arab influences from Moorish Spain and early Gothic forms from mainland Italy.[citation needed] Chief examples of the style are the Doge's Palace and the Ca' d'Oro in Venice.
In the 19th Century, the works of John Ruskin and others drew from the style in a revival, part of the broader Gothic Revival movement in Victorian architecture.
History
The Gothic Period erupted in Venice during a time of great affluence, when the upper class was funding the building of new churches as well as new, opulent homes for themselves. At the same time, monks were beginning to bring the Gothic style to Venice's churches from mainland Italy. The most striking examples of this new architectural fashion can be seen in Santi Giovanni e Paolo and Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari. However, these churches were still very similar to those found in the rest of Italy, the main difference being the building materials. It was not until the increase in palace construction, that Venetian Gothic became a distinct style in itself. Influenced by the Doge's Palace, the creators of this new style meshed Gothic, Byzantine, and Oriental themes to produce a totally unique approach to architecture. This Venetian Gothic style lasted well into the 15th century because of the city's love of ornate decoration and pointed arches.[1]
Characteristics and examples
In Northern Europe, traceries only supported stained glass. In contrast, traceries in Venetian Gothic supported the weight of the entire building. Therefore, the relative weight sustained by the traceries alludes to the relative weightlessness of the buildings as a whole.[2] This (and the associated reduced use of weight-bearing walls) gives the Venetian Gothic architectural style lightness and grace in structure.
The Venetian Gothic, while far more intricate in style and design than previous construction types in Venice, never allowed more weight or size than necessary to support the building. Venice had always held the concern that every inch of land is valuable, because of the canals running through the city.
One major aspect of the Venetian Gothic style change that came about during the 14th and 15th centuries was the proportion of the central hall in secular buildings. This hall, known as the portego, evolved into a long passageway that was often opened by a loggia with gothic arches. Architects favored using intricate traceries, similar to those found on the Doge’s Palace.[3]
The most iconic Venetian Gothic structure, the Doge's Palace, is a luxuriously decorated building that includes traits of Gothic, Moorish, and Renaissance architectural styles. In the 14th Century, following two fires that destroyed the previous structure, the palace was rebuilt in its present, recognizably Gothic form.[4]
Yet another important example of Venetian Gothic architecture is Santa Maria dei Frari, a Franciscan church. First constructed in the 15th century, this Franciscan church was rebuilt in its current Gothic style in the 15th Century.[5]
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Palazzo Giustinian and Ca' Foscari on the right built in late Venetian gothic style.
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Ca' Barbaro on the Grand Canal.
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Palazzo Dario was later renovated with Renaissance features. On the left, Palazzo Barbaro Wolkoff.
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Palazzo Bembo on the Grand Canal, close to the Rialto Bridge.
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Palazzo Foscari on the island of Giudecca.
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Ca' d'Oro on the Grand Canal.
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Palazzo Pisani Moretta in the sestiere of San Polo.
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Revival
The style was revived in the 19th century, largely through the influence of British architectural critic John Ruskin and his treatise The Stones of Venice. In North America the style was popularized by architects Charles Amos Cummings, Frank Furness, Norman Shaw, William Robert Ware, Willard T. Sears, and Frederick William Stevens. In Australia, the architect William Pitt was an exponent of the style and Joseph Reed was known to experiment in it also.
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The Montauk Club is an example of this style located outside of Venice in Park Slope, New York City.
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The former stock exchange on Collins Street, Melbourne was designed in the Venetian Gothic style by architect William Pitt.
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The western façade of a former carpet factory in Glasgow.
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National Academy of Design in New York, (1863–65).
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Memorial Hall in Manchester, England (1866).
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Manchester Reform Club in Manchester, England (1870).
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Elephant Tea Rooms, Sunderland, England.
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The so-called Venetian House in Piran, Slovenia.
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The Bedford Block in Boston MA designed by Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears.
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Our Boys Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
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Ismailiyya Palace in Baku, Azerbaijan, 1908-1913
See also
Notes
- ↑ "Venetian Gothic." RIBA. Royal Institute of British Architects, 2010. Web. 5 October 2010. <http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/PalladioAndTheVeneto/VenetianArchitecture/ VenetianGothic/Gothic.aspx>.
- ↑ Ruskin, John. The Stones of Venice. Ed. Jan Morris. Mount Kisco, New York: Moyer Bell Limited, 1989. Print.
- ↑ Rößler, Jan-Christoph. "A Short Introduction to Palaces in Venice." The Art and Architecture of Venice. Jan-Christoph Rößler, 2007. Web. 3 October 2010. <http://venice.jc-r.net/palaces/introduction.html>.
- ↑ "Doges' Palace." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12 October 2010 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/167924/Doges-Palace>.
- ↑ "Santa Maria dei Frari." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12 October 2010 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/522958/Santa-Maria-dei-Frari>.
External links
Media related to Venetian Gothic architecture at Wikimedia Commons- The Stones of Venice (Introductions) at Project Gutenberg
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