Visa requirements for European Union citizens

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Visa requirements for European Union citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the European Union.

They differ among countries. The European Union has achieved full reciprocity with certain countries.

Current member states of the European Union are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

Member states' citizens enjoy freedom of movement in each other's territories. British citizens who are not nationals of the United Kingdom for the purposes of union law, however, are exempted.

The freedom of movement provisions do not apply to the overseas countries and territories (except Saint Barthélemy)[1] and the Faroe Islands.

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for the European Union citizens
  European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
  Visa free access for all EU citizens
  Visa free access for some (1-27) EU citizens
  Visa on arrival for all EU citizens
  Visa on arrival for some (1-27) EU citizens
  Limited visa on arrival
  Electronic visa application
  Prearranged visa pick up on arrival

Visa free access

This table lists all countries citizens of at least one EU member state may enter without a visa on an ordinary passport. Information regarding visas on arrival is not listed in the table (see the section below); neither is the information regarding exit fees.

Africa
Country Visa not required Visa required Notes
 Botswana All states.[2] 90 days within 12 months.
 Gambia All others Estonia, France, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain.[3] 90 days.
 Kenya Cyprus.[4][5] All others 90 days.
 Lesotho Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.[6] All others 14 days (90 days for Ireland, United Kingdom).
 Malawi Ireland.[7] All others 90 days.
 Mauritius All states.[8] 90 days.
 Morocco All states.[9][10] 90 days.
 Namibia Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.[11] All others 3 months.
 São Tomé and Príncipe All states.[12] 15 days.
 Senegal All states.[13] 90 days.
 Seychelles All states.[14] 3 months.
 South Africa All others Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia.[15] 90 days (30 days for Cyprus, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia).
 Swaziland All states.[16] 30 days.
 Tanzania Cyprus, Romania.[17] All others 30 days.
 Tunisia All others Cyprus.[18][19] 90 days (4 months for Germany, 2 months for Bulgaria, 1 month for Greece).
 Uganda Cyprus, Ireland, Malta.[20] All others 3 months.
 Zambia Cyprus, Ireland, Malta, Romania.[21] All others 90 days for tourism, 30 days for business.
 Zimbabwe Cyprus, Malta.[22] All others 3 months.
Caribbean
Country Visa not required Visa required Notes
 Antigua and Barbuda All states.[23] 3 months (6 months for UK, 1 month for Ireland).
 Bahamas All states.[24] 3 months (8 months for Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands and UK).
 Barbados All states.[25] 3 months (6 months for Ireland and the United Kingdom, 28 days for Croatia).
 Dominica All states.[26][27][28] 90 days.
 Dominican Republic All states.[29] 90 days (30 day tourist cards required).
 Grenada All states.[30][31] 3 months (6 months for the UK).
 Haiti All states.[32] 3 months.
 Jamaica All others Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia.[33] 90 days for Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom, 30 days for others.
 Saint Kitts and Nevis All states.[34] 3 months.
 Saint Lucia All states[35][36] 90 days.
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines All states.[37][38] 90 days.
 Trinidad and Tobago All states.[39][40] 90 days.
Central and North America
Country Visa not required Visa required Notes
 Belize All states.[41] 1 month.
 Canada All others Bulgaria, Romania.[42] 6 months, eTA required if arriving by air from March 15, 2016.[43]
 Costa Rica All states.[44] 90 days.
 El Salvador All states.[45] 90 days.
 Guatemala All states.[46] 90 days.
 Honduras All states.[47] 90 days.
 Mexico All states.[48] 180 days.
 Nicaragua All states.[49] 90 days (30 day tourist cards required).
 Panama All states.[50] 180 days.
 United States All others (VWP) Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Poland, Romania.[51] 90 days on every arrival from overseas, ESTA (issued for 2 years) required when arriving by air and cruise ship.
South America
Country Visa not required Visa required Notes
 Argentina All states.[52] 90 days.
 Bolivia All others Bulgaria, Cyprus, Malta, Romania.[53] 90 days.
 Brazil All states.[54][55] 90 days.
 Chile All states.[56] 90 days.
 Colombia All states.[57] 90 days.
 Ecuador All states.[58] 90 days.
 Guyana Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.[59] All others 3 months.
 Paraguay All states.[60] 90 days.
 Peru All states.[61] 90 days.
 Uruguay All states.[62][63] 90 days, extendable once.
 Venezuela All states.[64] 90 days, extendable once.
Asia
Country Visa not required Visa required Notes
 Brunei All states.[65] 90 days.
 Indonesia All states.[66] 30 days.
 Japan All states.[67] 90 days, extendable once for Austria, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom.
 Kazakhstan Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.[68] All others 15 days.
 Kyrgyzstan All others Bulgaria, Cyprus, Romania.[69] 60 days.
 Laos Luxembourg.[70] All others 15 days.
 Malaysia All states.[71] 90 days (30 days for Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Portugal).
 Mongolia Germany.[72] All others 30 days.
 Philippines All states.[73] 30 days.
 South Korea All states.[74] 90 days (60 days for Portugal, 30 days for Cyprus).
 Singapore All states.[75] 90 days.
 Thailand All others Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Romania.[76] 30 days, extendable once.
 Timor-Leste All others Ireland, United Kingdom[77] 90 days.
 United Arab Emirates All others[78] Ireland, United Kingdom[79] 90 days.
 Vietnam Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.[80][81] All others 15 days.
Middle East and Caucasus
Country Visa not required Visa required Notes
 Armenia All states.[82][83] 180 days.
 Georgia All states.[84][85] 1 year.
 Israel All states.[86][87] 3 months.
Europe
Country Visa not required Visa required Notes
 Albania All states.[88] 90 days.
 Andorra All states.[89]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina All states.[90] 90 days within 180 days.
 Iceland All states[91] Freedom of movement.
 Liechtenstein All states[92] Freedom of movement.
 Macedonia All states.[93] 90 days within 180 days.
 Moldova All states.[94] 90 days within 180 days.
 Montenegro All states.[95] 90 days within 180 days.
 Monaco All states.[96]
 Norway All states[97] Freedom of movement.
 San Marino All states.[98]
 Serbia All states.[99] 90 days within 180 days.
  Switzerland All states[100] Freedom of movement.
 Turkey All others Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Ireland, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom.[101] 90 days (30 days for Latvia).
 Ukraine All states.[102] 90 days.
  Vatican City All states.
Oceania
Country Visa not required Visa required Notes
 Australia All states (eVisitor).[103] Bulgaria and Romania officially consider that Australia requires a visa for their citizens.[104] This was dismissed by the European Commission.[105] 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted.
 Fiji All others[106] Croatia[107] 4 months.
 Kiribati All others Croatia.[108] 30 days.
 Micronesia All states.[109] 30 days.
 New Zealand All states.[110] 90 days.
 Palau All others[111] Ireland, United Kingdom 90 days.
 Samoa All states.[112] 90 days (60 days for Ireland and the United Kingdom).
 Tonga All others[112] Ireland, United Kingdom[113] 90 days.
 Vanuatu All states. 90 days.

All European Union citizens can visit the following partially recognised countries or territories with autonomous immigration policies without a visa — in Europe Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,[114] Kosovo,[115] South Ossetia,[116][117] Transnistria,[118][119] in Asia Hong Kong,[120] Macau,[121] Palestine,[122] Taiwan.[123]

All European Union citizens always must arrange the visa prior to travel to (as of April 2015) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Belarus (except Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park visitors), Benin, Bhutan, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China (except short term visits in transit and Hainan), Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba (can be obtained in travel agencies or airlines), Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Iraq (outside Iraqi Kurdistan), North Korea, Liberia, Libya, Niger, Nigeria, Russia (except Kaliningrad), Saudi Arabia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Yemen.

Reciprocity

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Main articles: Visa policy of the Schengen Area, Visa policy of the United Kingdom, and Visa policy of Ireland

The EU has achieved full reciprocity with the following countries (meaning the citizens of those countries may travel to all EU member states visa-free) — Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Singapore, South Korea, Uruguay, Venezuela. Due to the visa requirement for Croatian citizens the reciprocity with Brunei and Saint Kitts and Nevis is incomplete. Additionally exclusion of several countries from the visa waiver of Canada and the United States hinders a possible reciprocity, even though their citizens have visa-free access to all EU member states.

In its latest report from November 2015, the Commission found that the following countries are not implementing visa reciprocity fully:[124]

  • Barbados: Does not provide an equal treatment in terms of the length of the authorized short stay for Croatian nationals.
  • Brunei: Maintains a visa requirement for Croatian nationals.
  • Canada: Bulgarian and Romanian citizens are still required to apply for visas to enter Canada.[125]
  • Japan: For Romanian citizens a temporary waiver was in effect until 31 December 2015.[126] In December 2015 the Japanese government announced that the period of temporary waiver has been extended to 31 December 2018, and the new policy allows holders of temporary or provisional passports to travel to Japan without a visa.[127]
  • United States: Bulgarian, Croatian, Cypriot, Polish and Romanian citizens are still required to apply for a visa to enter the US.

In its previous report,[128] the Commission also committed to assessing certain provisions of the US ESTA system — such as the application fee — and the Australian eVisitor system.

In October 2014, it was reported that the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement with Canada might not be ratified by Bulgaria and Romania unless visa requirements were lifted for their citizens.[129][130][131] In November 2014 Bulgarian Government also announced that it will not ratify the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership unless the United States lifted visas for its citizens.[132]

  • Visa policy of the Schengen Area

  • Visa policy of the United Kingdom

  • Visa policy of Ireland

Visa on arrival

The following countries provide visa on arrival to the citizens of the European Union. Some of these countries may be available for visa free access to some (*) or all other EU nationals (**) – for details see above. Some countries may not provide visa on arrival facilities at all entry points.

Visa on arrival
for citizens
of all states		 Notes
 Bahrain[133] 14 days. 90 days for Irish and UK citizens. BD 25.[134]
 Bangladesh[135][136] 30 days. Fees vary per country.
Extensions are possible.[137]
 Cambodia[138][139] 30 days. USD 20.[140]
 Cape Verde[141][142] EUR 25.[143]
 Comoros[144][145][146] EUR 30.[147]
 Djibouti[148][149] 1 month. EUR 75.[150]
 Egypt[151][152] 30 days. USD 25.[153]
 Guinea Bissau[154] 90 days. EUR 85.[155]
 Indonesia** 30 days. USD 35.[156]
 Jordan[157][158] 30 days. Free of charge.[159][160]
 Kenya*[161] 3 months, extendable once. USD 50.[162]
 Laos*[163][164] 30 days. USD 30.[165]
 Lebanon[166][167] 1 month extendable for 2 additional months; granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.[168]
 Madagascar[169] 30 days. Free of charge.[170]
 Malawi*[171] Fees vary.
 Maldives[172] 30 days. Free of charge. Extendable up to 90 days, MVR 750.[173]
 Marshall Islands[174][175] 90 days. Free of charge.[176]
 Mauritania[177]
   Nepal[178][179] 90 days. USD 25 - USD 100.[180]
 Oman[181] 3 months. OMR 5 - 20.[182]
 Papua New Guinea 60 days. Free of charge.[183][184]
 Philippines** 59 days. USD 50.[185]
 Solomon Islands[186] 3 months. Free of charge.[187]
 Sri Lanka[188][189] 30 days, extendable up to 150 days. Fees vary.[190]
 Tajikistan[191][192] 45 days. Fees vary.[193]
 Tanzania*[194] USD 50 - USD 100.[195]
 Togo[196] 7 days, extendable for 90 days.
XOF 10,000 to XOF 90,000.[197]
 Tuvalu[198] 1 month, extendable once. Free of charge.[199]
 Uganda*[200] USD 100.[201][202]
 Zambia*[203] 90 days. USD 50 - USD 80.[197]
Visa on arrival available to the citizens of some EU countries. Some of these countries may be available for visa free access to some (*) or all other EU nationals (**) – for details see above. Some countries may not provide visa on arrival facilities at all entry points.
Country Visa on arrival available to citizens of Notes
 Bolivia** Bulgaria, Cyprus, Malta, Romania[204] 90 days. USD 52.[205]
 Burkina Faso All except Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, and Romania[206] 1 month, extension possible.
XOF 47,000 to XOF 61,000.[207]
 Ethiopia[208] Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom[209] USD 20.[210]
 Gambia* France, Portugal, Spain[211]
 Iran[212] All except the United Kingdom 30 days. EUR 30-80.[213][214]
 Jamaica** Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia[33] USD 20.[215]
 Kyrgyzstan** Bulgaria, Cyprus, Romania[216] 1 month. USD 40 - USD 100.[217]
 Kuwait All except Croatia[218][219][220] 3 months. KWD 3.[221]
 Mozambique[222] All except those hosting a Mozambique embassy (currently Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom).[223][224][225][226] 30 days, extendable up to 60 days.
 Palau**[227] Ireland, United Kingdom 30 days. Free of charge. Extension possible, USD 50.[228]
 Qatar[229] Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom[230][231] 1 month. QAR 50 - QAR 150.[232]
 Rwanda Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom[233] 30 days. USD 30.
 Suriname[234] Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom[235] 90 days. USD 20.[236]
 Thailand* Bulgaria, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Romania[76] 15 days. THB 1,000.[237]
 East Timor**[238] Ireland, United Kingdom[77] 30 days. USD 30.[239]
 Tonga** Ireland, United Kingdom[240] 31 days, extendable for further 6 months.
Free of charge.[241]
 Turkey** Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Ireland, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom[242] 3 months. Fee.[243]
 United Arab Emirates** Ireland, United Kingdom[79] 30 days. Free of charge.[244]
 Zimbabwe* All except Bulgaria and Romania. 3 months. USD 30 - USD 70.[245]

Limited visa on arrival

  •  Belarus - Visas are issued on arrival at the Minsk International Airport if the support documents were submitted not later than 3 business days before expected date of arrival.[246]
  •  Iraq – Holders of ordinary passports of all EU member states may obtain a visa on arrival for Iraqi Kurdistan valid for 15 days when arriving through the Erbil International Airport or Sulaimaniyah International Airport.[247]
  •  Pakistan - All EU nationals except those from Bulgaria and Croatia may obtain visa on arrival when travelling on business. They must have a local sponsor who must obtain an approval from the immigration authorities at the port of arrival (Islamabad, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta or Karachi airports) and a recommendation letter from country of residence or invitation letter from Pakistan.[248] Nationals of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom may obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 30 days, if they are travelling as part of a group through a designated tour operator.[249]
  •  Somalia - Visas are issued on arrival for 30 days (extendable once) provided an invitation letter issued by the sponsor has been submitted to the Airport Immigration Department at least 2 days before arrival.[250]
  •  Vietnam - Visitors can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 1 or 3 months if they are holders of an approval letter issued and stamped by the Vietnamese Immigration Department (obtainable online through travel agencies for a fee) and if arriving only at airports in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City or Da Nang.[251] All travellers can visit Phú Quốc without a visa for up to 30 days.[252][253]

Online visas

The following countries provide electronic visas to the citizens of the European Union.

Visa on arrival
for citizens
of all states		 Notes
 Australia[254] ETA 601 online visa still available to citizens of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. More recent and free eVisitor authorisation is available to all. Online Visitor visa e600 for stays over 90 days is also available to all EU citizens.
 Bahrain[255] Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available.
 Cambodia[256] Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available.
 Gabon[257] Available to all EU citizens.
 India[258] Available to all EU citizens except Cyprus and Italy.[259]
 Ivory Coast[260] Available to all EU citizens.
 Kenya[261] Available to all EU citizens.
 Myanmar[262] Available to all EU citizens.
   Nepal[263] Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available.
 Oman[264] Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available.
 Qatar[265] Available to the citizens of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Visa on arrival also available.
 Rwanda[262][266] Available to all EU citizens.
 Sri Lanka[267] Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available.
 Turkey[268] Available to the citizens of Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Ireland, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. Other EU citizens do not require a visa. Visa on arrival is also available but being phased out.
 Zambia[269] Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available.
 Zimbabwe[270] Available to all EU citizens. Visa on arrival also available to some EU citizens.

Pre-approved visas pick-up

Pre-approved visas can be picked up on arrival in the following countries instead in embassy or consulate.

Pre-approved
visas pick-up
on arrival		 Notes
 Bhutan[271] For a maximum stay of 15 days if the application was submitted at least 2 and a half months before arrival and if the clearance was obtained.
 Cameroon[272] Must hold approval from the General Delegate of Security.
 Côte d'Ivoire[273] Must hold an invitation letter from the state authorities.
 Eritrea[274] Must have a sponsor who must submit an application at least 48 hours before arrival.
 Gabon[275] Holders of entry authorisation issued by the state authorities.
 Ghana[276] Holders of an approval from the Ghana Immigration Service.
 Kazakhstan[277] Available only if arriving from a country without a diplomatic mission of Kazakhstan and if holding an invitation letter and an approval from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
 Liberia[278] Available only if arriving from a country without a diplomatic mission of Liberia and if a sponsor obtained an approval.
 Mongolia[279] Available only if arriving from a country without a diplomatic mission of Mongolia and if holding a visa confirmation.
 Nigeria[280] Holders of a visa application who have a Nigerian company taking responsibility for them.
 Sierra Leone[281] Holders of a visa approval.
 Sudan[282] Holders of an entry permit issued by the Ministry of Interior.
 Turkmenistan[283] Holders of an invitation letter of the local company that was approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
 Uzbekistan[284] Holders of a visa confirmation by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Other

Non-ordinary passports

In addition to visa requirements for normal passport holders certain countries have specific visa requirements towards diplomatic and various official passport holders:

Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Mali and Zimbabwe grant visa-free access to holders of diplomatic or service passports issued to nationals of any country. Mauritania and Senegal grant visa-free access to holders of diplomatic passports issued to nationals of any country (except Italy for Mauritania). Bahrain, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Cambodia and South Sudan allow holders of diplomatic, official, service and special passports issued to nationals of any country to obtain a visa on arrival.

Vaccination

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Togo require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination. Almost all other African countries and some Asian and Latin American countries require vaccination if the passenger is coming from an infected area.[302]

Passport validity

Many countries require passport validity of no less than 6 months and one or two blank pages.[303]

Countries requiring passport validity of at least 6 months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Bhutan, Botswana, Brunei, Cambodia, Comoros, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Guyana, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq (except when arriving at Basra - 3 months and Erbil or Sulaimaniyah - on arrival), Israel, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Taiwan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, countries requiring passport validity of at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia, Zambia, countries requiring passport validity of at least 3 months on arrival include Georgia, Honduras, Iceland, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Moldova, Nauru, Panama, United Arab Emirates and countries requiring passport validity of at least 1 month on arrival include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Macao, New Zealand, South Africa.[304] Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or passport valid throughout the period of intended stay.

Israeli stamps

Visitors whose passports show evidence of a visit to Israel are not allowed to enter Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Saudi Arabia, the Sudan, Syria and Yemen. Some EU countries allow their citizens to hold two or more passports to circumvent such travel restrictions. Some countries also restrict or forbid the holding of two passports of two different countries, i.e. dual citizenship. It is also possible to get the Israeli stamp on a separate piece of paper.

Fingerprinting

Several countries including Argentina, Cambodia, Japan, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea and the United States demand all passengers to be fingerprinted on arrival.[305][306][307][308][309][310][311]

Passport rankings

Passport rankings by the number of countries and territories their holders could visit without a visa or by obtaining visa on arrival in 2016 were as follows: German — 177 countries and territories (ranked[312] 1st); Swedish — 176 (2nd); British, Finnish, French, Italian, Spanish — 175 (3rd); Belgian, Danish, Dutch — 174 (4th); Austrian — 173 (5th); Irish, Luxembourgian, Portuguese — 172 (6th); Greek — 171 (7th); Maltese — 168 (9th); Czech, Hungarian — 167 (10th); Slovak — 165 (11th); Slovenian — 164 (12th); Latvian — 163 (13th); Estonian, Lithuanian — 162 (14th); Polish — 161 (15th); Cypriot — 159 (17th), Bulgarian, Romanian — 153 (21st) and Croatian — 149 (24th). All EU passports are ranked within the top 25 positions. Passports of the European Free Trade Association countries rank similarly, Norwegian, Swiss — 172 (6th); Icelandic — 167 (10th), and Liechtenstein — 164 (12th), while the passports of the candidate states rank lower Serbian — 115 (43rd); Macedonian — 111 (45th); Montenegrin — 107 (47th); Turkish — 102 (51st) and Albanian — 98 (53rd). European microstates rank high:Monaco — 160 (16th), San Marino — 156 (18th), Andorra — 152 (22nd), and Vatican City — 134 (30th).[313]

Future

European Commission proposed a visa-free travel for 16 island nations in 2012. This proposal foresees that the visa exemption will be reciprocated through visa waiver agreements, ensuring a visa free regime for all EU citizens who wish to travel to these countries. The island nations in question are Caribbean island nations – Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago, and Pacific island nations – Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.[314] The list was expanded in 2013 with Colombia, Peru and the United Arab Emirates.[315] Most of these countries already provide visa-free or visa on arrival access in some form to the EU citizens.

Freedom of movement within the EU

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Main article: Directive 2004/38/EC on the right to move and reside freely

Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 recognises the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States[316][317][318] defines the right of free movement for citizens of the European Economic Area (EEA), which includes the European Union (EU) and the three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) members Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein. Switzerland, which is a member of EFTA but not of the EEA, is not bound by the Directive but rather has a separate bilateral agreement on the free movement with the EU.

Citizens of all European Economic Area (EEA) member states and Switzerland holding a valid passport or national identity card enjoy freedom of movement rights in each other's territory and can enter and reside in the each other's territory without a visa.

If EU, EEA and Swiss nationals are unable to present a valid passport or national identity card at the border, they must nonetheless be afforded every reasonable opportunity to obtain the necessary documents or have them brought to them within a reasonable period of time or corroborate or prove by other means that he/she is covered by the right of free movement.[319][320]

However, EU, EEA member states and Switzerland can refuse entry to an EU/EEA/Swiss national on public policy, public security or public health grounds where the person presents a "genuine, present and sufficiently serious threat affecting one of the fundamental interests of society".[321] If the person has obtained permanent residence in the country where he/she seeks entry (a status which is normally attained after 5 years of residence), the member state can only expel him/her on serious grounds of public policy or public security. Where the person has resided for 10 years or is a minor, the member state can only expel him/her on imperative grounds of public security (and, in the case of minors, if expulsion is necessary in the best interests of the child, as provided for in the Convention on the Rights of the Child).[322] Expulsion on public health grounds must relate to diseases with 'epidemic potential' which have occurred less than 3 months from the person's the date of arrival in the Member State where he/she seeks entry.[323]

A family member of an EU/EEA/Swiss citizen who is in possession of a residence permit indicating their status is exempt from the requirement to hold a visa when entering the European Union, European Economic Area or Switzerland when they are accompanying their EU/EEA/Swiss family member or are seeking to join them.[324] However the UK requires family members to obtain a special permit in order to enter the United Kingdom.[325] Non-EU family members will need a Schengen Visa before they travel to Switzerland even if they possess a UK residence permit that clearly mentions that they are the family member of an EEA Citizen.

Right to consular protection

When in a non-EU country, EU citizens whose country maintains no embassy there have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present there.[326]

Currently (2014), there are 16 non-EU countries where there is only one embassy of an EU country: Antigua and Barbuda (United Kingdom), Barbados (United Kingdom, EU delegation), Belize (United Kingdom, EU office), Central African Republic (France, EU delegation), Comoros (France), Gambia (United Kingdom, EU office), Guyana (United Kingdom, EU delegation), Lesotho (Ireland, EU delegation), San Marino (Italy), São Tomé and Príncipe (Portugal), Solomon Islands (United Kingdom), Somalia (United Kingdom), Timor-Leste (Portugal, EU delegation), Vanuatu (France, EU delegation).

Currently, the following 18 non-EU countries have no embassy of an EU country: Bahamas, Bhutan (Denmark Liaison office), Dominica, Grenada, Kiribati, Liechtenstein, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa (EU office), Swaziland (EU office), Tonga, Tuvalu.

See also

References

  1. ↑ EUROPEAN COUNCIL DECISION of 29 October 2010 amending the status with regard to the European Union of the island of Saint-Barthélemy
  2. ↑ [1]
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ [2]
  5. ↑ [3]
  6. ↑ Visa requirements to enter the Kingdom of Lesotho
  7. ↑ [4]
  8. ↑ Visa Requirements in Mauritius
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Visa Requirements for Foreigners Travelling to Namibia Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Namibia
  12. ↑ São Tomé and Príncipe grants visa exemptions to citizens of Europe and the US
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Seychelles on the short-stay visa waiver
  15. ↑ South African Department of Home Affairs (accessed 10 March 2013)
  16. ↑ The following Countries do NOT require a VISA to enter the Kingdom of Swaziland
  17. ↑ LIST OF COUNTRIES AND SPECIFIC VISA ELIGIBILITY, Immigration Services Department of Tanzania
  18. ↑ [5]
  19. ↑ [6]
  20. ↑ VISA APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
  21. ↑ Nationals who do not require VISA
  22. ↑ REVISED REGIME WITH EFFECT FROM 26 JULY 2012
  23. ↑ Visa Entry Requirements
  24. ↑ Frequently Asked Questions on Immigration/Visas/Employment and General entry to the Bahamas
  25. ↑ [7]
  26. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and the Commonwealth of Dominica on the short-stay visa waiver
  27. ↑ ENTRY REQUIREMENTS, Discover Dominica Authority
  28. ↑ Do I Need a Visa to Enter into Dominica?, Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica
  29. ↑ [8]
  30. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and Grenada on the short-stay visa waiver
  31. ↑ [9]
  32. ↑ [10]
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Countries that need Visas to Travel to St. Kitts and Nevis
  35. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and Saint Lucia on the short-stay visa waiver
  36. ↑ Saint Lucia visa requirements
  37. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and St. Vincent and the Grenadines on the short-stay visa waiver
  38. ↑ http://www.svgconsulate.co.uk/passport_and_visa_application.htm
  39. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago on the short-stay visa waiver
  40. ↑ VISA REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL COUNTRIES
  41. ↑ [11]
  42. ↑ Countries and territories whose citizens do not need a visa (visa exemptions)
  43. ↑ canada.ca/eTA
  44. ↑ [12]
  45. ↑ [13]
  46. ↑ [14]
  47. ↑ [15]
  48. ↑ [16]
  49. ↑ [17]
  50. ↑ CLASIFICACION DE VISAS PARA VIAJAR A PANAMA - TYPES OF VISAS TO TRAVEL INTO PANAMA
  51. ↑ [18]
  52. ↑ [19]
  53. ↑ [20]
  54. ↑ [21]
  55. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and the Federative Republic of Brazil on short-stay visa waiver for holders of ordinary passports, Council of the European Union.
  56. ↑ [22]
  57. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Colombia on the short-stay visa waiver
  58. ↑ [23]
  59. ↑ [24]
  60. ↑ [25]
  61. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Peru on the short-stay visa waiver
  62. ↑ [26]
  63. ↑ [27]
  64. ↑ [28]
  65. ↑ [29]
  66. ↑ [30]
  67. ↑ [31]
  68. ↑ Kazakhstan Dropping Visa Requirements For Citizens Of 10 Countries
  69. ↑ [32]
  70. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. ↑ [33]
  72. ↑ [34]
  73. ↑ [35]
  74. ↑ [36]
  75. ↑ [37]
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 [38]
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 EU signs visa waiver agreement with Timor Leste
  78. ↑ EU signs visa waiver agreement with the United Arab Emirates
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 Agreement between the European Union and the United Arab Emirates on the short-stay visa waiver
  80. ↑ [39]
  81. ↑ Official: Vietnam to scrap visas for five European countries in July
  82. ↑ [40]
  83. ↑ [41]
  84. ↑ [42]
  85. ↑ Georgia Restores One-Year Visa-Free Rules
  86. ↑ [43]
  87. ↑ German citizens born before January 1, 1928 need a visa for Israel, which will be issued for free if one was not a member of the Nazi party or involved in crimes committed during the time of the Nazi Germany.
  88. ↑ [44]
  89. ↑ [45]
  90. ↑ [46]
  91. ↑ [47]
  92. ↑ [48]
  93. ↑ [49]
  94. ↑ [50]
  95. ↑ [51]
  96. ↑ [52]
  97. ↑ [53]
  98. ↑ [54]
  99. ↑ [55]
  100. ↑ [56]
  101. ↑ Visa Information For Foreigners
  102. ↑ [57]
  103. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  104. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  105. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  106. ↑ [58]
  107. ↑ [59]
  108. ↑ Visa Requirement
  109. ↑ Custom Regulations, Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board
  110. ↑ Immigration New Zealand Visa-Waiver Countries, Immigration New Zealand (INZ) - Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
  111. ↑ Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Palau on the short-stay visa waiver
  112. ↑ 112.0 112.1 Agreement between the European Union and the independent State of Samoa on the short-stay visa waiver
  113. ↑ [60]
  114. ↑ [61][62]
  115. ↑ [63]
  116. ↑ [64]
  117. ↑ [65]
  118. ↑ [66]
  119. ↑ [67]
  120. ↑ [68]
  121. ↑ [69]
  122. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  123. ↑ [70]
  124. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  125. ↑ [71]
  126. ↑ Extension of the Visa-waiver program for Romanian citizens travelling to Japan
  127. ↑ http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Actualitate/Stiri/Romanii+pot+calatori+in+Japonia+fara+viza Romanians can travel to Japan without visas
  128. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  129. ↑ Canada-EU trade: Ambassador confident visa concerns from Romania, Bulgaria will be resolved
  130. ↑ Visa snag looms as Harper heralds end of Canada-EU deal
  131. ↑ http://www.novinite.com/articles/163732/EU+Envoy+Confident+Canada+Working+to+Resolve+Bulgaria+Visa+Concerns
  132. ↑ [72]
  133. ↑ [73]
  134. ↑ [74]
  135. ↑ Available at Shahjalal International Airport, Shah Amanat International Airport and Osmani International Airport only.
  136. ↑ [75]
  137. ↑ https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=BD&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=00&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C
  138. ↑ [76]
  139. ↑ 20 USD
  140. ↑ [77]
  141. ↑ Obtainable at Nelson Mandela International Airport, Cesária Évora Airport, Amílcar Cabral International Airport and Aristides Pereira International Airport.
  142. ↑ [78]
  143. ↑ [79]
  144. ↑ [80]
  145. ↑ [81]
  146. ↑ 50 USD
  147. ↑ [82]
  148. ↑ Obtainable at Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport.
  149. ↑ [83]
  150. ↑ [84]
  151. ↑ [85]
  152. ↑ Visa not required for up to 15 days in Sinai resorts
  153. ↑ [86]
  154. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  155. ↑ [87]
  156. ↑ [88]
  157. ↑ Visa on arrival obtainable at most international ports of entry and at most international land border crossings (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge crossing).
  158. ↑ [89]
  159. ↑ [90]
  160. ↑ Jordan axes visa fee to encourage tourists
  161. ↑ [91]
  162. ↑ [92]
  163. ↑ Available at international airports Wattay Vientiane, Pakse Savannakhet and Luang Prabang, and at land borders Friendship Bridge, Vientiane and Savannakhet; Nam Heuang Friendship Bridge, Sayabouly Province; and border crossings at Boten-Mohan, Dansavan-Lao Bao, Houaysay-Chiang Khong, Thakhek-Nakhon Phanom, Nong Haet-Nam Kan, Nam Phao-Kao Cheo, Veun Kham-Dong Calor, and Vangtao-Chong Mek as well as Tha Naleng train station in Vientiane, which connects to the train station in Nongkhai, Thailand. Entry points Napao-Chalo, Taichang-Sophoun, Pakxan-Bungkan, and Xiengkok are open only to visa holders.
  164. ↑ [93]
  165. ↑ [94]
  166. ↑ Obtainable at the land border with Syria, the port of Beirut, or Beirut International Airport.
  167. ↑ [95]
  168. ↑ [96]
  169. ↑ [97]
  170. ↑ [98]
  171. ↑ [99]
  172. ↑ [100]
  173. ↑ [101]
  174. ↑ [102]
  175. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  176. ↑ [103]
  177. ↑ [104]
  178. ↑ Obtainable at Tribhuvan International Airport and certain land borders.
  179. ↑ [105]
  180. ↑ [106]
  181. ↑ [107]
  182. ↑ [108]
  183. ↑ [109]
  184. ↑ [110]
  185. ↑ [111]
  186. ↑ [112]
  187. ↑ [113]
  188. ↑ [114]
  189. ↑ ETA obtainable on arrival or online prior to arrival.
  190. ↑ [115]
  191. ↑ [116]
  192. ↑ Obtainable at Dushanbe International Airport.
  193. ↑ [117]
  194. ↑ [118]
  195. ↑ [119]
  196. ↑ [120]
  197. ↑ 197.0 197.1 [121]
  198. ↑ [122]
  199. ↑ [123]
  200. ↑ [124]
  201. ↑ Tourists shocked by doubled visa fees in Uganda
  202. ↑ [125]
  203. ↑ [126]
  204. ↑ [127]
  205. ↑ [128]
  206. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  207. ↑ [129]
  208. ↑ Obtainable at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport.
  209. ↑ [130]
  210. ↑ [131]
  211. ↑ [132]
  212. ↑ Obtainable at the airports in Chah-Bahar, Qeshm, Kish, Mashad, Esfahan, Shiraz, Tabriz and Tehran international airports.
  213. ↑ [133]
  214. ↑ Iran extends airport visa validity to 30 days
  215. ↑ [134]
  216. ↑ [135]
  217. ↑ [136]
  218. ↑ [137]
  219. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  220. ↑ Obtainable at all Kuwaiti ports of entry
  221. ↑ [138]
  222. ↑ Only at designated crossings. São autorizados a conceder o visto de Fronteira os seguintes Postos Fronteiriços
  223. ↑ Procedimentos da Migração
  224. ↑ Mozambique: Tightened Visa Requirements for Entering Mozambique
  225. ↑ New Enforcement of Visa Requirements for Entry
  226. ↑ Mozambique
  227. ↑ [139]
  228. ↑ [140]
  229. ↑ Available only at Doha International Airport.
  230. ↑ Hukoomi Portal Entry Visas
  231. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  232. ↑ [141]
  233. ↑ [142]
  234. ↑ Obtainable at Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport.
  235. ↑ [143]
  236. ↑ [144]
  237. ↑ [145]
  238. ↑ For arrivals by air only.
  239. ↑ [146]
  240. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  241. ↑ [147]
  242. ↑ http://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa
  243. ↑ [148]
  244. ↑ [149]
  245. ↑ [150]
  246. ↑ Particulars of issuance of entry visas at the «National Airport Minsk»
  247. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  248. ↑ [151]
  249. ↑ Group Tourism through Designated Tour Operators
  250. ↑ [152]
  251. ↑ [153]
  252. ↑ Phu Quoc Specific Decisions
  253. ↑ No visa required for tourists to Phu Quoc on short stay
  254. ↑ Electronic Travel Authority
  255. ↑ Bahrain Electronic Visa Service
  256. ↑ eVisa
  257. ↑ Gabon e-Visa
  258. ↑ Indian e- Tourist Visae
  259. ↑ India - e-TOURIST VISA (eTV)
  260. ↑ Visa at International Airport Felix Houphouet Boigny in Abidjan
  261. ↑ Republic of Kenya - eCitizen portal
  262. ↑ 262.0 262.1 Myanmar eVisa
  263. ↑ Nepal eVisa
  264. ↑ Sultanate of Oman - Royal Oman Police - eVisa
  265. ↑ e Service - Hukoomi - Tourist Visa through Qatar Airways
  266. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  267. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  268. ↑ Electronic Visa Application System
  269. ↑ of Zambia Electronic Visa Application System
  270. ↑ [154]
  271. ↑ [155]
  272. ↑ [156]
  273. ↑ [157]
  274. ↑ [158]
  275. ↑ [159]
  276. ↑ [160]
  277. ↑ [161]
  278. ↑ [162]
  279. ↑ [163]
  280. ↑ [164]
  281. ↑ [165]
  282. ↑ [166]
  283. ↑ [167]
  284. ↑ [168]
  285. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  286. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  287. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  288. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  289. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  290. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  291. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  292. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  293. ↑ Guilin offers 72-hour visa-free travel
  294. ↑ 72 Hours in Xi'an
  295. ↑ Xi'an allows 72-hr visa exemptions
  296. ↑ Hainan Regulated Visa Waiver Policy, Hainan Tourism Development Commission
  297. ↑ Visa of the Republic of Uzbekistan
  298. ↑ [169]
  299. ↑ [170]
  300. ↑ [171]
  301. ↑ [172]
  302. ↑ Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination
  303. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  304. ↑ Timatic
  305. ↑ Argentina strengthens migratory control
  306. ↑ Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move
  307. ↑ S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors
  308. ↑ Cambodia Country Specific Information
  309. ↑ Malaysia Country Specific Information
  310. ↑ Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners
  311. ↑ Office of Biometric Identity Management
  312. ↑ Using dense ranking.
  313. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  314. ↑ Commission proposes visa-free travel to citizens of 16 Island Nations
  315. ↑ EU adds Columbia, Peru and UAE to visa-free travel list
  316. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  317. ↑ Summary of the Directive 2004/38/EC Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  318. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  319. ↑ Article 6.3.2 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards (C (2006) 5186)
  320. ↑ Judgement of the European Court of Justice of 17 February 2005, Case C 215/03, Salah Oulane vs. Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie ([173])
  321. ↑ Article 27 of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
  322. ↑ Article 28 of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
  323. ↑ Article 29 of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
  324. ↑ Articles 3(1) and 5(2) of the Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
  325. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  326. ↑ http://ec.europa.eu/justice/citizen/consular-protection/index_en.htm

External links

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