Voiceless uvular stop

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Voiceless uvular stop
q
IPA Number 111
Encoding
Entity (decimal) q
Unicode (hex) U+0071
X-SAMPA q
Braille ⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)

The voiceless uvular stop or voiceless uvular plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is pronounced like [k], except that the tongue makes contact not on the soft palate but on the uvula. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨q⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is q.

For a voiceless pre-uvular stop (also called post-velar), see voiceless velar stop.

Features

Features of the voiceless uvular stop:

  • Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a stop.
  • Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abaza хъацIа [qat͡sʼa] 'man'
Adyghe атакъэ Audio file "Ady-атакъэ.oga" not found 'rooster'
Aleut[1] ҟи́гаҟъ / qiighax̂ [qiːɣaχ] 'grass'
Arabic Gulf[2] غداً [qədæn] 'tomorrow' Many dialects. Corresponds to /ɣ/ in other dialects.
Algerian
Standard[3] قط Audio file "Ar-قط.ogg" not found 'cat' See Arabic phonology
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic [qa] 'for' Corresponds to /k/ in the Urmian and Jilu varieties,.
Archi хъал [qaːl] 'human skin'
Bashkir ҡайын Audio file "Ba-ҡайын.ogg" not found 'birch tree'
Chechen кхоъ / qo’ [qɔʔ] 'three'
Dawsahak [qoq] 'dry'
English Multicultural London[4][5] cut [qʌt] 'cut' Allophone of /k/ before back vowels.[5]
Non-local Dublin[6] back [bɑq] 'back' Allophone of /k/ after /æ/ for some speakers.[6]
Eyak u.jih [quːtʃih] 'wolf'
German Chemnitz dialect[7] Rock [qɔkʰ] 'skirt' In free variation with [ʁ̞], [ʁ], [χ] and [ʀ̥].[7] Doesn't occur in the coda.[7] See Chemnitz dialect phonology
Greenlandic illoqarpoq [iɬːoqɑʁpɔq] 'he has a house'
Hebrew Iraqi קול [qol] 'voice' See Biblical Hebrew phonology
Hindustani بَرق / बर्क़ [bərq] 'lightning' Mostly in loanwords from Arabic. Hindi speakers tend to use [k] instead. See Hindustani phonology
Inuktitut ᐃ"ᐃᑉᕆᐅᖅᑐᖅ /ihipqiuqtuq [ihipɢiuqtuq] 'explore' Represented by a ⟨ᖅ⟩. See Inuit phonology
Iraqw [qeːt] 'break'
Kabardian къэбэрдей Audio file "къэбэрдей.ogg" not found 'Kabardian'
Kabyle ⵜⴰⴲⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ
taqbaylit
تاقبايليت
<phonos file="Kab-Taqbaylit.ogg">[taqβæjliθ]</phonos> 'Kabyle language' May be voiced [ɢ].
Kavalan qaqa [qaqa] 'elder brother'
Kazakh Қазақстан [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] 'Kazakhstan' An allophone of /k/ before back vowels
Ket қан [qan] 'begin'
Klallam qəmtəm [qəmtəm] 'iron'
Kutenai qaykiťwu [qajkitʼwu] 'nine'
Nivkh тяқр̆ [tʲaqr̥] 'three'
Persian Kermani dialect قورباغه [quːrbɒɣe] 'frog' See Persian phonology
Quechua[8] qallu [qaʎu] 'tongue'
Sahaptin qu [qu] 'heavy'
Seediq Seediq [ˈsəːdʑɪq] 'Seediq'
Seereer-Siin[9] [example needed]
Somali qaab [qaːb] 'shape' See Somali phonology
St’át’imcets teq [təq] 'to touch'
Tajik қошуқ [qɔʃuq] 'spoon'
Tlingit ghagw [qɐ́kʷ] 'tree spine' Tlingit contrasts six different uvular stops
Tsimshian gwildma̱p'a [ɡʷildmqɑpʼa] 'tobacco'
Ubykh [qʰɜ] 'grave' One of ten distinct uvular stop phonemes. See Ubykh phonology
Uyghur ئاق / aq [ɑq] 'white'
Uzbek quloq [qulɒq] 'ear'
Yup'ik meq Audio file "Meq pronunciation How to pronounce meq in Yupik 92.ogg" not found 'fresh water'
Yukaghir Northern маарх [maːrq] 'one'
Southern атахл [ataql] 'two'
!Xóõ !qhàà [ǃ͡qʰɑ̀ː] 'water'

See also

References

  1. Ladefoged (2005), p. 165.
  2. McCarus (1977), p. 266.
  3. Watson (2002), p. 13.
  4. Torgersen, Kerswill & Fox (2007).
  5. 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Khan & Weise (2013), p. 235.
  8. Ladefoged (2005), p. 149.
  9. Mc Laughlin (2005), p. 203.

Bibliography

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