Vraka

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Not to be confused with breeches.

Vrakë or Vraka (Montenegrin and Serbian Cyrillic: Врака) is a minor region in Shkodër County in northern Albania. The region includes settlements located on the shore of Lake Scutari, some 7km north of the city of Shkodër. This ethnographic region is inhabited by Serb-Montenegrins, Podgoriçani (Slavic Muslims) and Albanians; it is the centre of the Serb-Montenegrin community in Albania.

Settlements

History

Early history

The toponym is Slavic.[1]

[2]

Slavs were known to have inhabited northern Albanian since the early Middle Ages. Montenegrins and Serbs began migrating to Vraka in the late 17th century. According to Jovan Erdeljanović, in his book "Stara Crna Gora", all descendants of Jovan Martinović, who has been mentioned since 1687, have emigrated to Vraka. From confirmed documents, one of the first families to inhabit the area of Vraka was in 1705 were the Đurčevići from the village of Momče in Kuči. A certain Jerko Đurčević was the only one from his clan in Vraka to convert to Islam. His descendants later became known as the Jerkovići, who are found in the village of Štoj, near Ulcinj.

Modern history

File:Woman in Vraka, Albania, by Marubi.jpg
Woman from Vrakë.

In 1909, the Eparchy of Raška–Prizren had 15 protopresbyteriates, the last of which was Skadar, in which the parishes of:[3]

  • Skadar: 105 households in a part of the town Skadar, parish under protojerej Obrad Popović, the Metropolitan's vicar for the Skadar protopresbyteriate. 84 in the other part, with villages Deregnjat, Brdica Bušat, parish under Mihailo Štirkić. Churches in Skadar: Church of St. Nicholas and Church of St. Alexander Nevsky.[3]
  • Vranj: 69 households (villages Vranj, Mataluž, town of Tuzi), Church in Vranj dedicated to St. Nicholas, parish under Filip Majić.[3]

In 1918, beside the Serbian Orthodox in Scutari, there were communities in different neighbouring villages such as Vraka, Vramenica, Derigniat, etc., as well as several thousands of Slavic Muslims of Montenegrin and Bosnia-Herzegovina origin.[4] In 1920, the following villages had Serbian majority or plurality: Brch, Basits, Vraka, Sterbets, Kadrum. Farming was the chief occupation of the villages.[5]

Vraka is known for having been the place where poet Millosh Gjergj Nikolla became teacher on 23 April 1933, and it was in this period that he started to write prose sketches and verses.[6] The village of Vraka was at the time entirely inhabited by Serb-Montenegrins. The Serb school in Vrake was destroyed in 1934.[7] Enver Hoxha decided to destroy the Serbian cemeteries and 2 of the Serb temples.[8]

A period of immigration existed between 1925 and 1934. This wave marked the migration of many Serb-Montenegrin families to Montenegro, Serbia proper and Kosovo, leaving their homes in Vraka behind.

In 1992, the Morača-Rozafa Association was established.[9]

During the Yugoslav Wars, there were incidents of violence against the Serb/Montenegrin minority in places like Boriç i Vogël and Boriç i Madh, where the Albanian government also tried to forcibly take land from them.[10] A large group of the Serbian Orthodox left the region in the 1990s, though some 600 of them later returned.[11]

Albanization

The surnames were forcibly changed by the Albanian government, from Slavic into Albanian ones, as part of Albanianization.[12]

Anthropology

The region serves as the centre of the Serb-Montenegrin minority in Albania (as listed in the census). The estimations of the total number of Serb-Montenegrins in the area vary from 1,000 to over 2,000. The community has retained their language, culture and religion. The minority association of the community, the "Morača-Rozafa", represents the interests of this minority in Shkodër.

Families

The surnames were forcibly changed by the Albanian government, from Slavic into Albanian ones, as part of Albanianization.[12] The changed surnames, in Serbo-Croatian transliteration, are indicated with (→)

Serb–Montenegrin families (Vračani)
  • Andrijević brotherhood
    • Andrijević-Obrenović, in Omaraj
  • Ajković brotherhood, in Boriç i Vogël, Kotrobudan
  • Babić brotherhood
  • Banjević brotherhood, in Grilë
  • Banušić (sq. Banushaj)
  • Bašanović brotherhood, in Boriç i Madh, Omaraj
    • →"Beljaj"[12] (sq. Belaj)
  • Berović
  • Bjelanović brotherhood
  • Bulatović
  • Brajović brotherhood (sq. Brajoviq), in Boriç i Vogël, Grilë
    • →"Ferizaj", "Jako", "Jakoja" and "Foljeta", in Grilë[12]
    • →"Foljeta", in Boriç i Vogël[12]
  • Camaljić brotherhood, in Grilë
    • →"Mino", in Grilë[12]
  • Camnić brotherhood, in Grilë
  • Ceklić, in Omaraj
  • Colić
  • Čelebić brotherhood
  • Ćeklić brotherhood
  • Ćorović brotherhood
  • Dambarić brotherhood
    • Popović-Dambarić (sq. "Popaj"), in Boriç i Madh
  • Dragović brotherhood
  • Đergić
  • Đinović brotherhood, in Boriç i Vogël and Grilë
    • →"Ograja" and "Musaja", in Boriç i Vogël and Grilë[12]
  • Đoković (sq. Gjokaj)
  • Đuretić brotherhood
  • Đurčević brotherhood
    • Đurčević, in Grilë
    • Jerković, of the Đurčević brotherhood
  • Gašović brotherhood
  • Gorović brotherhood
  • Hajković brotherhood
    • →"Hajku", in Boriç i Vogël and Grilë[12]
  • Janković brotherhood
  • Kadić brotherhood (sq. Kadija)
  • Kavarić brotherhood, in Kotrobudan
  • Klikovac brotherhood
  • Kontić brotherhood
    • →"Konto", in Boriç i Vogël[12]
  • Kračković brotherhood, in Omaraj
  • Krkotić brotherhood
  • Krstović brotherhood, in Boriç i Vogël, Boriç i Madh, Omaraj and Grilë
    • →"Karanaj"[12]
    • →"Nikola" and "Nikolaj" (sq. Nikolla/j), in Grilë[12]
    • →"Nikolaj" (sq. Nikollaj), in Boriç i Vogël[12]
  • Krstić
  • Lambulić brotherhood, in Grilë
  • Lukačević (sq. Llukaçeviq)
  • Mačkić, in Omaraj
  • Majić brotherhood, in Boriç i Vogël
  • Matanović brotherhood (sq. Matanoviq), of the Kaluđerović brotherhood, in Boriç i Vogël, Boriç i Madh, Grilë
    • Matanović-Vujović, in Boriç i Madh
    • →"Ceklaj"[12]
  • Marković brotherhood, hailing from Piperi, in Omaraj
  • Martinović brotherhood, in Boriç i Vogël, Boriç i Madh
    • →"Matanaj"[12]
    • →"Šuto" (sq. Shuto), in Boriç i Vogël[12]
  • Mikulić brotherhood, in Boriç i Madh
  • Milogorić brotherhood, in Omaraj
  • Mrenović brotherhood, in Boriç i Madh
  • Mrkaljević (sq. Merkulaj)
  • Musić
  • Nikić brotherhood, in Omaraj
  • Nikolić (sq. Nikollaj)
  • Pavlović brotherhood
  • Pejović brotherhood, in Boriç i Madh
  • Pelević brotherhood, in Boriç i Madh
  • Pelčić/Peličić/Peljčić brotherhood in Grilë
    • →"Šeljčaj", in Grilë[12]
  • Pešović brotherhood
  • Pešukić brotherhood
  • Popović brotherhood, in Boriç i Madh, Grilë
    • →"Popaj", in Boriç i Madh[12]
  • Racković brotherhood
  • Radičković brotherhood, in Grilë
  • Radović brotherhood
  • Radulović brotherhood
  • Radusinović brotherhood
  • Radušinović
  • Raičević/Rajčević brotherhood (sq. Rajçeviq)
  • Redinović brotherhood
  • Rešetar brotherhood
  • Roganović brotherhood
  • Sekulić brotherhood, in Boriç i Vogël
    • →"Haškaj", in Boriç i Vogël[12]
  • Senić brotherhood, in Boriç i Madh
  • Stanić brotherhood
  • Stanković brotherhood
    • →"Ymeri", originally Stanković
  • Stajkić brotherhood, in Boriç i Vogël
  • Šabanović brotherhood, in Boriç i Vogël
    • →"Dritaraj", in Boriç i Vogël[12]
  • Šoć brotherhood, in Kotrobudan
  • Špićanović brotherhood
  • Šunjević brotherhood
  • (sq. Suti), in Boriç i Madh
  • Uskoković brotherhood
  • Vujačić brotherhood
  • Vukčević brotherhood
    • Vukčević-Vesnić, in Boriç i Vogël
  • Vučković
  • Vučinić
  • Vučić brotherhood, in Omaraj
  • Zlatičanin brotherhood, in Boriç i Vogël, Grilë
    • in Boriç i Vogël
    • →"Krsto", "Krstaja" and "Faticaj", in Grilë[12]
  • Žarić brotherhood, in Boriç i Vogël
  • Žigić
  • "Brojaj"
  • "Zefaj" (originally Đonović)
  • "Goraj"
  • "Maçaj"
  • "Mlloja"
  • "Imeri"
  • "Umeri"
Podgoriçani families
  • Piranić (→Piranaj, Pirani), in Boriç i Madh[12]
  • Pepić (→Pepaj, Pepa), in Boriç i Madh[12]
  • Lekić (→Lekiqi, Leka), in Boriç i Madh[12]
  • Tuzović (→Tuzi), in Boriç i Madh[12]
  • Kerović (→Keraj), in Boriç i Madh[12]
  • Osmanagić (→Osmani), in Boriç i Madh[12]
  • Bibezić (→Bibezi), in Boriç i Madh[12]
  • Goković (→Gokovi), in Boriç i Madh[12]
  • Salagić (→Salagaj), in Boriç i Madh[12]
  • Ferizović (→Ferizi), in Boriç i Madh[12]
  • Beganović (→Begani), in Boriç i Madh[12]
Albanian families
  • Marđonović, Catholics from Šestan, in Omaraj

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

    The following villages are in whole or part occupied by Orthodox Serbs — Brch, Borich, Basits, Vraka, Sterbets, Kadrum. Farming is the chief occupation.

  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ http://www.moraca-rozafa.org/onama/istorijat.html
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 12.23 12.24 12.25 12.26 12.27 12.28 12.29 12.30 12.31 12.32 Šćepanović 1990.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Sources

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