Walford Davies

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File:Walford Davies 001.jpg
Walford Davies c. 1905

Sir Henry Walford Davies KCVO OBE (6 September 1869 – 11 March 1941) was an English composer, conductor and educator.who held the title Master of the King's Music from 1934 until 1941.

Although as a performing musician and composer he mostly worked as an organist and church choirmaster, he served with the Royal Air Force during the First World War, and his best-known work comes from that period – the Royal Air Force March Past.

Davies was musical adviser to the nascent British Broadcasting Corporation, and became known to a wide public for his explanatory talks on music between 1924 and 1941, which brought him great popularity with British radio audiences.

Life and career

Early years

Davies was born in the Shropshire town of Oswestry close to the border with Wales. He was the seventh of nine children of John Whitridge Davies and Susan, née Gregory, and the youngest of four surviving sons.[1] It was a musical family: Davies senior, an accountant by profession was a keen amateur musician, who founded and conducted a choral society at Oswestry and was choirmaster of the local Congregational church.[2] Two of his other sons, Charlie and Harold, later held the post of organist at the church;[3] the latter was professor of music at the University of Adelaide from 1919 to 1947.[4] In 1882 Walford was accepted as a chorister at St George's Chapel, Windsor, by the organist, Sir George Elvey.[5]

When his voice broke in 1885 Davies left the choir and later that year was appointed organist of the royal chapel of All Saints, Windsor Great Park and was secretary to Elvey's successor, Walter Parratt, and Dean (later Archbishop) Randall Davidson.[5] At this time British universities, including Cambridge, awarded "non-collegiate" music degrees to any applicant who could pass the necessary examinations.[n 1] Davies entered for the Cambridge bachelor of music examinations in 1889, but his exercise (a cantata, The Future, to words by Matthew Arnold) failed.[8] With the encouragement of Charles Villiers Stanford, professor of music at Cambridge, Davies made a second attempt; it was successful, and he graduated in 1891.[1]

In 1890 Davies was awarded a scholarship in composition at the Royal College of Music (RCM), London, where he was a student until 1894.[9] His teachers there were Hubert Parry and (for a single term) Stanford for composition,[10] and W. S. Rockstro (counterpoint), Herbert Sharpe (piano) and Haydn Inwards (violin). While still at the RCM he was organist of St George's Church, Campden Hill, for three months,[11] and St Anne's Church, Soho for a year until 1891, when he resigned for health reasons.[5] In the following year was appointed organist of Christ Church, Hampstead; he remained there until 1897, holding the post in tandem for the last two years with an appointment from 1895 as teacher of counterpoint at the RCM in succession to Rockstro, a post that he held until 1903.[5] He considered resigning the post in 1896, when he failed the counterpoint paper in the Cambridge examinations for the degree of doctor of music; he was successful at his second attempt, and the doctorate was conferred in March 1898.[1][12]

National reputation

In May 1898 Davies was appointed organist and director of the choir at the Temple Church in the City of London, a post he retained until 1923.[9] With this appointment, in the view of his biographer, Jeremy Dibble, Davies began to be seen as a prominent figure in British musical life.[1] As an organist he became well known both as a soloist and as a teacher – the most celebrated of his pupils being Leopold Stokowski.[1] As a conductor he directed the London Church Choir Association (1901–13) and succeeded Stanford at the Bach Choir (1902–07).[9][2]

As a composer Davies achieved his most substantial success in 1904, with his cantata Everyman, based on the 15th century morality play of the same name. His friend and biographer H. C. Colles wrote, "[T]he music itself was not like anything he had written before or would write again. Everyman was tumultously received, and in the next few years given by every choral society in the country which aimed at a standard of firstrateness."[13] The work was also given in Australia and the US.[13][14]

During the First World War Davies joined the Committee for Music in War Time under Parry's chairmanship,[15] organised concerts for the troops in France and musical events for the Fight for Right movement.[1] In 1918 he was appointed director of music of the Royal Air Force, with the rank of major.[9] He established the RAF School of Music and two RAF bands, and composed what is now his best-known piece, the "Royal Air Force March Past", to which a slow "trio" section was later added by his successor, Major George Dyson.[16]

1919–41

File:WalfordDavies HughAllen CyrilRootham.jpg
Walford Davies (left) in about 1932 with fellow musicians Sir Hugh Allen (centre) and Cyril Rootham (right)

In 1919 Davies accepted the professorship of music at University College, Aberystwyth, together with the post of director of music for the University of Wales and chairman of the National Council of Music.[17] Here, in the words of his biographer Henry Ley, he "laboured unceasingly for the musical enlightenment of the principality",[5] and in 1922 he was knighted in David Lloyd George's resignation honours.[18]

In 1924 he gave the Cramb lectures at the University of Glasgow, gave his first broadcast talk for the BBC, and was appointed Gresham professor of music at the University of London.[5] In the same year, at the age of fifty-four, he married (Constance) Margaret Isabel Evans (1898–1984), daughter of the Rev William Evans; she was his junior by twenty-eight years.[1] He resigned his professorship at Aberystwyth in 1926, but remained as chairman of the National Council of Music for the rest of his life.[10] In the same year he was appointed by the BBC as a musical adviser.[1] From 1927 to 1932 he was organist and director of the choir of St George's Chapel, Windsor. This was his last full-time post.[1]

Davies's BBC broadcast in April 1924 was the first of many he made between then and 1941. He became well known for his programmes such as "Music and the Ordinary Listener" (1926–9), his wartime broadcasts for children (1939–41), and "Everyman's Music" (1940–41).[1] The Musical Times called him "one of the world's first great broadcasters"; The Times, in an obituary tribute said:

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[H]is name has become known to many thousands of people who have not been interested hitherto in music or in musicians. He proved himself to be one of the very few lecturers who could immediately establish the sense of personal contact with audiences over the wireless. They have felt that they knew him and could enter into music, which was the absorbing interest of his life, through the personal relation which he always established immediately with his audiences. It was an almost unique gift.[19]

Colles wrote that Davies's regular listeners felt a proprietorial interest in him, recording one of them as remarking, "He always seemed to come right into the room with us."[13]

On the death of Sir Edward Elgar in 1934, Davies was appointed to succeed him as Master of the King's Music.[n 2] As musical adviser to the BBC Davies moved from London to Bristol when the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the corporation's music administration moved there on the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939.[5]

Davies died at Wrington, near Bristol, on 11 March 1941, and was buried in the graveyard of Bristol Cathedral.[5]

Compositions

(Incomplete list)

Orchestral

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Choral and vocal

  • The Future, for chorus and orchestra (1889)
  • Ode on the Morning of Christ’s Nativity, cantata for soloists, chorus and orchestra (1891–92)
  • Music: An Ode, for soprano, chorus and orchestra (1892–93)
  • Herve Riel, for chorus and orchestra, Op. 2 (1894)
  • Prospice, for baritone and string quartet, Op. 6 (1894)
  • Days of Man, oratorio for chorus and orchestra (1897)
  • Six Pastorals, for vocal quartet, string quartet and piano, Op. 15 (1897)
  • God created man for incorruption, motet for soloists, double choir and orchestra, Op. 9 (1897-1905)
  • Three Jovial Huntsmen, cantata for soloists, chorus and orchestra, Op. 11 (1902)
  • The Temple, oratorio, Op. 14 (1902)
  • Everyman, morality [cantata], Op. 17 (1904, revised 1934)
  • Lift Up Your Hearts, sacred symphony for baritone, chorus and orchestra, Op. 20 (1906)
  • Songs of a Day, for soloists, chorus and chamber orchestra, Op. 24a (1908)
  • Songs of Nature, for soloists, chorus and small orchestra, Op. 24b (1908)
  • The Long Journey, song-cycle for bass and orchestra, Op. 25 (1908–10)
  • Grace to you, and peace, motet for chorus, strings, brass, timpani and organ, Op. 26 (1908)
  • Ode on Time, for baritone, chorus and orchestra, Op. 27 (1908)
  • Noble Numbers, cantata for soprano, contralto, tenor, baritone, bass, chorus and orchestra, Op. 28 (1909)
  • Five Sayings of Jesus, for tenor, chorus and orchestra, Op. 35 (1911)
  • Song of St. Francis, cantata for soprano, contralto, tenor, bass, chorus and orchestra, Op. 36 (1912)
  • A Fantasy (from Dante’s Divine Comedy), for tenor, chorus and orchestra, Op. 42 (1914)
  • A Short Requiem, for choir and organ, Op. 44a (1915)
  • Heaven’s Gate, for mezzo-soprano, chorus and small orchestra, Op. 47 (1916)
  • Men and Angels, for chorus and orchestra, Op. 51 (1925)
  • High Heaven’s King, for soprano, baritone, chorus and orchestra, Op. 52 (1926)
  • Christ in the Universe, for tenor, bass, chorus, piano and orchestra, Op. 55 (1929)
  • Te Deum, for double choir and orchestra, Op. 56 (1930)
  • London Calling the Schools, for voice, piano, orchestra and announcer (1932)

Chamber music

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Notes, references and sources

Notes

  1. ↑ Stanford, who was appointed professor of music at Cambridge in 1887 disapproved of this arrangement, and in the mid-1890s persuaded the university authorities to require a course of study at Cambridge as a prerequisite for sitting the examinations.[6] Other universities followed suit later.[7]
  2. ↑ The title, long rendered as "Master of the King's Musick", was changed to the modern spelling during Elgar's tenure.[20] Although The Times and others continued to favour the old spelling, Davies's appointment was officially gazetted as "Master of the Music".[21]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Dibble, Jeremy. "Davies, Sir (Henry) Walford (1869–1941)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, online edition, January 2011, retrieved 6 December 2015 (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Dr Walford Davies", The Musical Times, June 1908, pp. 365–370 (subscription required)
  3. ↑ Colles, p. 11
  4. ↑ "Professor Edward Harold Davies (1867-1947)", University of Adelaide, retrieved 10 December 2015
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Ley, H. G. "Davies, Sir (Henry) Walford (1869–1941)", Dictionary of National Biography Archive, Oxford University Press, online edition, January 2011, retrieved 10 December 2015 (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  6. ↑ Dibble, Jeremy. "Stanford, Sir Charles Villiers", Grove Music Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved 10 December 2015 (subscription required)
  7. ↑ Rodmell, p. 173
  8. ↑ Colles, p. 21
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "Davies, Sir (Henry) Walford", Who Was Who, online edition, Oxford University Press, 2014 (subscription required)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Ottaway, Hugh and Lewis Foreman. "Davies, Sir Walford", Grove Music Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved 10 December 2015 (subscription required)
  11. ↑ Colles, p. 23
  12. ↑ "University Intelligence", The Times, 11 March 1898, p. 11
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Colles, H. C. "Walford Davies", Music & Letters, July 1941, pp. 199–207 (subscription required)
  14. ↑ "Musical Notes", The Register, 24 August 1925, p. 11
  15. ↑ Davies, Walford. "Mobilized Music", The Times, 17 June 1915, p. 9
  16. ↑ "A Brief History of RAF Music Services", Royal Air Force, retrieved 10 December 2015
  17. ↑ Colles, pp. 117–118
  18. ↑ "Resignation Honours – Four New Peers – Music Knighthoods", The Times, 11 November 1922, p. 14
  19. ↑ Sir Walford Davies", The Times, 12 March 1941, p. 7
  20. ↑ "Master of The Queen's Music", The British Monarchy, retrieved 26 May 2015
  21. ↑ The London Gazette, 6 April 1934, p. 2217

External links

Other offices
New title
RAF established
 Royal Air Force Director of Music
1918 - ?		 Succeeded by
Sir George Dyson
Court offices
Preceded by Master of the King's Musick
1934–1941		 Succeeded by
Sir Arnold Bax
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