Wheeler Shale
| Wheeler Shale Stratigraphic range: Middle Cambrian (c. 507 Ma) |
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| File:ElrathiakingiUtahWheelerCambrian.jpg
Elrathia kingii, famed trilobite of the Wheeler Shale.
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| Type | Geological formation |
| Thickness | 100-200 metres |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Calcareous Shale |
| Other | Mudstone, Shaley Limestone & Limestone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. |
| Region | House Range and Drum Mountains, Millard Co., west Utah |
| Country | USA |
| Type section | |
| Named for | House Amphitheater (Geographic feature & type locality) |
| Named by | Charles Doolittle Walcott |
The Wheeler Shale (named by Charles Walcott) is a Cambrian (c. 507 Ma) fossil locality world famous[1] for prolific agnostid and Elrathia kingii trilobite remains (even though many areas are barren of fossils)[2] and represents a Konzentrat-Lagerstätten. Varied soft bodied organisms are locally preserved, a fauna (including Naraoia, Wiwaxia and Hallucigenia) and preservation style (carbonaceous film) normally associated with the more famous Burgess Shale.[3] As such, the Wheeler Shale also represents a Konservat-Lagerstätten.[4]
Together with the Marjum Formation and lower Weeks Formation, the Wheeler Shale forms 490 to 610 m (1,610 to 2,000 ft) of limestone and shale exposed in one of the thickest, most fossiliferous and best exposed sequences of Middle Cambrian rocks in North America.[5]
At the type locality of Wheeler Amphitheater, House Range, Millard County, western Utah, the Wheeler Shale consists of a heterogeneous succession of highly calcareous shale, shaley limestone, mudstone and thin, flaggy limestone.[6] The Wheeler Formation (although the Marjum & Weeks Formations are missing) extends into the Drum Mountains, northwest of the House Range where similar fossils and preservation are found.[6]
Contents
Taphonomy & Sedimentology
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Detailed work recognises a number of ~10 m thick lagerstätten sequences in the formation, each of which formed at a sea-level high stand[7] in deep water.[8] The lagerstätte were deposited by turbidities and mudslides onto an oxygenated sea floor.[7] The productive layers comprise mud and clay particles, with a tiny fraction of wind-blown quartz.[9]
Stratigraphy
The Wheeler Shale spans the Ptychagnostus atavus[10] and uppermost-Middle Cambrian Bolaspidella trilobite zones (See House Range) for full stratigraphy).
Fauna
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Incomplete list of the fauna of the Wheeler Shale:[6][11][12][13][14][15][16] (Note: the preservation of hard bodied trilobite remains and soft bodied animals seems to be mutually exclusive within particular horizons.)[4][17]
Protista
- Margaretia dorus - algae? or possibly alcyonarian coral
- Marpolia spissa - cyanobacteria or green algae
- Morania fragmenta - cyanobacteria
- Yuknessia simplex - green algae?
Arthropoda
- Branchiocaris pretiosa - crustacean
- Branchiocaris sp.
- Cambropodus gracilis - uniramian
- Canadaspis perfecta - crustacean or euarthropod
- Dicerocaris opisthoeces
- Emeraldella brocki - chelicerate?
- Isoxys - crustaceomorph?
- Pahvantia hastata - local genus named after the Pahvant
- Perspicaris dilatus
- Proboscicaris agnosta
- Pseudoarctolepis sharpie - phyllocarida
- Tuzoia? peterseni - thylacocephalan
- Waptia fieldensis - crustaceomorph
Arachnomorpha
- Alalcomenaeus cambrius - megacheiran; or alalcomenaeid
- Dicranocaris guntherorum - megacheiran; or alalcomenaeid
- unnamed 'Molli Sonia symmetrica'
- Leanchoilia superlata - megacheiran
- Sidneyia inexpectans - merostomoid
Trilobita
- Naraoia compacta - naraoiid nectaspid
- Hypagnostus parvifrons - agnostid
- Peronopsis amplaxis - peronopsid agnostid
- Peronopsis bidens
- Peronopsis fallax
- Peronopsis gaspensis
- Peronopsis intermedius
- Peronopsis interstrictus
- Peronopsis montis
- Peronopsis segmentis
- Ptychagnostus atavus (= Acidusus atavus) - ptychagnostid agnostid
- Ptychagnostus germanus
- Ptychagnostus gibbus
- Ptychagnostus intermedius
- Ptychagnostus michaeli
- Ptychagnostus occultatus
- Ptychagnostus seminula
- Glyphaspis concavus - asaphid
- Bathyuriscus fimbriatus - dolichometopid corynexochid
- Bathyuriscus sp.
- Kootenia sp. - dorypygid corynexochid, perhaps a synonym of Olenoides
- Olenoides expansus - dorypygid corynexochid
- Olenoides nevadensis
- Olenoides serratus
- Tonkinella breviceps
- Zacanthoides divergens - zacanthoidid corynexochid
- Zacanthoides sp.
- Altiocculus harrisi - ptychopariid (specific name may be confused with Alokistocare)
- Alokistocare harrisi - alokistocarid ptychopariid
- Asaphiscus wheeleri - ptychopariid; second-most common species in the formation
- Bathyocos housensis - ptychopariid
- Bolaspidella drumensis
- Bolaspidella housensis
- Bolaspidella sp.
- Bolaspidella wellsvillensis
- Brachyaspidion microps
- Brachyaspidion sulcatum
- Cedaria minor - known from the Warrior Formation
- Elrathia kingii - alokistocarid ptychopariid
- Elrathia sp.
- Elrathina wheeleri = Ptychoparella wheeleri? - ptychopariid
- Jenkinsonia varga
- Modocia brevispina
- Modocia laevinucha
- Modocia typicalis
- Ptychoparella sp. - ptychopariid
- Ptychoparella wheeleri
- Spencella sp. - ptychopariid
Brachiopoda
- Acrothele subsidua
Chordata
Cnidaria
- Cambromedusa sp. - jellyfish
Mollusca
Echinodermata
- Castericystis sprinklei - carpoid
- Castericystis sp.
- Cothurnocystis sp. - stylophoran
- Ctenocystis sp. - ctenocystoid
- Gogia spiralis - eocrinoid
- Eocrinoid holdfasts believed to belong to Gogia spiralis; may belong to other species
Porifera
- Choia carteri - choiid monaxonid demosponge
- Choia utahensis
- Crumillospongia sp. - hazeliid monaxonid demosponge
- Diagonella sp.
Priapulida
- Ottoia prolifica - a stem group and it was an archaeopriapulid
- Selkirkia sp. - archaeopriapulid
- "Selkirkia willoughbyi" (Note: S. columbia is the only recognized species)
Unclassified
- Aysheaia prolata - xenusiid lobopod or onychophoran
- Hallucigenia sparsa - ?xenusiid lobopod or onychophoran
- Chancelloria pentacta - chancelloriid coeloscleritophoran, perhaps a sponge?
- Anomalocaris sp. - anomalocaridid, perhaps a stem-group of the arthropods
- Eldonia sp. - eldoniid paropsonemid cambroernid
- Skeemella clavula - Possible vetulicolian
- Hylolithellus sp. - annelid?
- Wiwaxia corrugata - halwaxiid? lophotrochozoan
Gallery
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Asaphiscus wheeleri, Cambrian, Wheeler shale, Utah.
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Emeraldella brocki.jpg
Emeraldella brocki an arthropod From the Burgess Shale
References
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- ↑ Photos of Wheeler Shale fossils from UC Berkeley
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Utah's Cambrian Life from University of Kansas Natural History Museum
- ↑ Cambrian fossils from Utah by the University of Utah
- ↑ Comprehensive treatment from The Virtual Fossil Museum
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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Modes of preservation in the Cambrian
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| Exceptional |
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| Conventional | ||
