Wildcat strike action
A wildcat strike action, often referred to as a wildcat strike, is a strike action undertaken by unionized workers without union leadership's authorization, support, or approval; this is sometimes termed an unofficial industrial action. Wildcat strikes were the key pressure tactic utilized during the May 1968 protests in France.
Contents
By country
Canada
On March 23, 2012, Air Canada ground employees suddenly walked off the job at Toronto Pearson International Airport, resulting in many flight delays, after three workers were suspended for heckling Canadian Labour Minister Lisa Raitt. This followed months of fighting between Air Canada and its other unions.[1]
United States of America
Wildcat strikes have been considered illegal in the United States since 1935.[2] The 1932 Norris-La Guardia Act held that clauses in labor contracts barring employees from joining unions were not enforceable, thus granting employees the right to unionize regardless of their workplace situation. Unions have the power to bargain collectively on behalf of their members and to call for strikes demanding concessions from employers. Under the 1935 National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), federal courts have held that wildcat strikes are illegal and that employers may fire workers participating in them.[2]
Nevertheless, U.S. workers can formally request that the National Labor Relations Board end their association with their labor union, if they feel that the union is not adequately representing their interests. At this point, any strike action taken by the workers may be termed a wildcat strike, but there is no illegality involved, as there is no longer a conflict between sections 7 and 9(a) of the NLRA.
Some strikes that begin as wildcat actions, such as the Memphis Sanitation Strike and Baltimore municipal strike of 1974, are later supported by their respective unions' leadership (who then begin fulfilling their obligation to collectively bargain for their worker-members).
Vietnam
In Vietnam, all workers are required to join a union connected to the Vietnam General Confederation of Labor, a government-controlled entity. Due to workers' distrust of this agency, nearly all strikes in the country are wildcat strikes.[3]
Notable wildcat strikes
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- Pullman Strike (Illinois, 1894)
- Putilov Factory Strike (Petrograd, Russia, 1917)
- Victorian Police strike (Australia, 1923)
- Memphis Sanitation Strike (Memphis, Tennessee, 1968)
- May '68 (France, 1968)
- Chrysler wildcat strike (Michigan, 1968)
- Strike against segregation and racism in Chicago Public Schools (Chicago 1968)
- UK miners' strike (1969)
- US postal strike (U.S., 1970)
- Winter of Discontent (U.K., 1978-1979)
- Jeffboat wildcat strike (Indiana, 2001)
- Dhaka strikes (Bangladesh, 2006)
- Toronto Transit Commission wildcat strike (Canada, 2006)
- Freightliner wildcat strike (North Carolina, 2007)
- 2009 Lindsey Oil Refinery strikes
- Marikana miners' strike (South Africa, 2012)
- Alberta Union of Provincial Employees 2013 Wildcat Strike
There are some cases where union recognition of a strike is complicated. For example, during the year-long British miners' strike of 1984-5, the national executive supported the strike but many area councils regarded the strike as unofficial, as most ballots at area level had produced majority votes against the strike and no ballot was ever taken at national level.[4]
See also
- Black cat (anarchist symbol), also known as the "wild cat"
References
- ↑ ". Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Wildcat Strike." In West's Encyclopedia of American Law. Farmington Hills, Mich.: The Gale Group, Inc, 2004. ISBN 0-7876-6367-0. Retrieved 11 January 2008.
- ↑ http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/09/03/labor_day_in_hell?page=0,13 retrieved 6 September 2010. Archived September 9, 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
