William Hale Thompson

For other people named William Thompson, see William Thompson (disambiguation).

William Hale Thompson
41st Mayor of Chicago
In office 1915–1923
Preceded by	Carter Harrison, Jr.
Succeeded by	William E. Dever
43rd Mayor of Chicago
In office 1927–1931
Preceded by	William E. Dever
Succeeded by	Anton Cermak
Personal details
Born	(1869-05-14)May 14, 1869 Boston, Massachusetts
Died	Chicago, Illinois
Political party	Republican
Residence	Chicago, Illinois

William Hale Thompson (May 14, 1869 – March 19, 1944) was Mayor of Chicago from 1915 to 1923 and again from 1927 to 1931. Known as "Big Bill", Thompson was the last Republican to serve as Mayor of Chicago (as of 2015). He ranks among the most unethical mayors in American history.

Biography

Thompson in a campaign photo, circa 1915

Thompson was born in Boston, Massachusetts to William Hale and Mary Ann Thompson, but his family moved to Chicago when he was only nine days old. Instead of college, he travelled in Europe and then took up ranching in Texas and New Mexico, returning to Chicago in 1892 after his father's death.

Thompson began his political career in 1900, when he ran for and narrowly won a position as alderman of the 2nd Ward.

In 1915 he was elected as the 41st Mayor of Chicago, and is the last Republican to be elected to that office. Early in his mayoral career, Thompson began to amass a war chest to support an eventual run for the Presidency, by charging city drivers and inspectors $3 per month. He was mayor during the Chicago Race Riot of 1919 and was said to have had control of the 75,000 African-American voters in his day.

He declined to run for reelection in 1923 and he was succeeded by William Emmett Dever. While out of office, Thompson organized a "scientific" expedition to search for tree-climbing fish in the South Seas (actually just a crude attempt to keep his name in the public eye—the expedition never got farther than New Orleans).

He ran again in 1927 during city-wide gang war. Always a flamboyant campaigner, Thompson held a debate between himself and two live rats which he used to portray his opponents. Pledging to clean up Chicago and remove the crooks, Thompson instead turned his attention to the reformers, whom he considered the real criminals. According to Thompson, the biggest enemy the United States had was King George V of the United Kingdom. Thompson promised his supporters that if they ever met, Thompson would punch the king in the nose. Al Capone's support allowed Thompson to return to the mayor's office, using such tactics as the "Pineapple Primary" which occurred April 10, 1928, so-called because of the hand grenades thrown at polling places to disrupt voting. The St. Valentine's Day Massacre also took place while Thompson was mayor.

Thompson blamed Ruth Hanna McCormick's lack of support for his loss at the 1928 Republican National Convention, and he returned the favor during her 1930 campaign for the United States Senate. Thompson had had a longstanding rivalry with the McCormicks. He intensely disliked Robert Rutherford McCormick who published the Chicago Tribune. U.S. Senator Joseph Medill McCormick was the publisher's brother, and after his death, his widow ran against Thompson for the vacant seat.

Caricature in the Chicago Tribune, 1920

Amid growing discontent with Thompson's leadership, particularly in the area of cleaning up Chicago's reputation as the capital of organized crime, he was defeated in 1931 by Democrat Anton Cermak. Cermak was an immigrant from Bohemia, and Thompson used this fact to belittle him with ethnic slurs such as:

I won't take a back seat to that Bohunk, Chairmock, Chermack or whatever his name is.

Tony, Tony, where's your pushcart at?

Can you picture a World's Fair mayor with a name like that?

Cermak replied by saying, "He doesn't like my name...It's true I didn't come over on the Mayflower, but I came over as soon as I could," which was a sentiment to which ethnic Chicagoans could relate, so Thompson's slurs largely backfired.

After Thompson's defeat, the Chicago Tribune wrote that

For Chicago Thompson has meant filth, corruption, obscenity, idiocy and bankruptcy.... He has given the city an international reputation for moronic buffoonery, barbaric crime, triumphant hoodlumism, unchecked graft, and a dejected citizenship. He nearly ruined the property and completely destroyed the pride of the city. He made Chicago a byword for the collapse of American civilization. In his attempt to continue this he excelled himself as a liar and defamer of character.

Upon Thompson's death, two safe deposit boxes in his name were discovered to contain nearly $1.5 million in cash.

See also

• Timeline of Chicago, 1910s-1930s

Further reading

• Bilek, Arthur J. The First Vice Lord: Big Jim Colosimo and the Ladies of the Levee. Nashville, TN: Cumberland House Publishing Inc., 2008. ISBN 978-1-58182-639-5.
• Bukowski, Douglas. Big Bill Thompson, Chicago, and the Politics of Image. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998. ISBN 0-252-06668-5.
• Krist, Gary. City of Scoundrels: The Twelve Days of Disaster That Gave Birth to Modern Chicago. New York, NY: Crown Publisher, 2012. ISBN 978-0-307-45429-4.
• Leinwand, Gerald. Mackerels in the Moonlight: Four Corrupt American Mayors. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2004. ISBN 0-7864-1845-1.
• Wendt, Lloyd, and Herman Kogan. Big Bill of Chicago. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8101-2319-3.

External links

• William Thompson's Gravesite