Wong Shun Leung

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Wong.
Wong Shun Leung
File:Wong shun leung.jpg
Born (1935-05-08)8 May 1935
Hong Kong
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Hong Kong
Stroke
Style Wing Chun
Teacher(s) Yip Man
Rank Grandmaster
Notable students Bruce Lee, Wan Kam Leung

Wong Shun Leung (Chinese: 黃淳樑; pinyin: Huang Shun Liáng; Jyutping: Wong4 Seon4 Loeng4; 8 May 1935 – 28 January 1997)[a] was a Chinese martial artist from Hong Kong who studied Wing Chun kung fu under Yip Man (葉問)[1] and was credited with training Bruce Lee.[2][3][4][5] Wong reportedly won at least 60, and perhaps over 100, street fights against martial artists of various styles.[3][6][7][8][9] Due to his reputation, he came to be known as 'Gong Sau Wong' (講手王 or 'King of Talking Hands').[3][7][10][11][12] Wong recorded one instructional film entitled Wing Chun: The science of in-fighting.[13]

Early martial arts training

Wong reportedly trained in several martial art styles in his youth, primarily in t'ai chi ch'uan and either boxing or kickboxing.[2][6][10][14] He abandoned boxing because of two incidents: one with his boxing coach and one with Yip Man.[14] The first incident apparently occurred because Wong accidentally struck his boxing coach during sparring. The angry coach attacked in earnest, only to be eventually knocked out by Wong; the incident caused Wong to leave boxing.[14][15] In another account, however, Wong said he had defeated his boxing coach with wing chun techniques: "I was sparring with my instructor and I hit him very hard, he got real mad and came at me very hard. I fought back with wing chun and he ended up bleeding. Boxing was over for me!"[5]

The second incident came about from Wong's fascination with the stories of legendary wing chun figures, such as Chan Wah-shun (陳華順) and Leung Jan (梁贊). This interest led Wong to look for a wing chun teacher. Friends of his older brother took him to meet Yip Man. According to one version of events, after defeating at least two of Yip's students, Wong had a match with Yip himself and was defeated easily.[10][14][15] Another version is that after Wong faced Lo Man Kam, later Yip Po Ching deal with Wong.[1] In any case, Wong joined the wing chun group and eventually came to assist Yip with teaching,[10] with students including Bruce Lee.

Behind the Scene Teacher of Bruce Lee

Bruce Lee once wrote in a letter to Wong, "Even though I am (technically) a student of Yip Man, in reality I learned my Kung-fu from you."[3] Wong was believed to have carried the letter in his wallet.[2] Perhaps the best-known letter from Lee to Wong is that of 11 January 1970,[16] which has been translated into English as an appendix to an article by Wong.[17]

In 1970 Bruce Lee wrote a letter in Chinese to Wong Shun-Leung :[18]

<templatestyles src="Template:Quote_box/styles.css" />

淳樑兄,
很久没有通信你好吗？邵在涌(Alan Chaw)从加拿大来信，有问及你借我用的8mm电影，我真是十分道歉，因為多次搬屋以遗失，本来是很磨耗的了，故之很少用而失了，十分抱歉。
我在BEL-AIR买了一新屋，有半英亩大，很多树是牧场风格，在山顶上近Beverly Hills。再者，除了我的儿子Brandon外，我有一位七个半月大的女儿Shannon。你有再结婚吗？请代问候你的姊妹。
近来我组织了一间制片公司，且写了一本"Silent Flute"故事，由James Coburn和我主演，Stirling Silliphant编剧，他是金像名作家 In the Heart of the night，我们预备作第一次荷李活武侠片很有成期望，大约六月左右开镜，所有合作的均是从我学习的，将来Steve Mc Queen可能又有合作，我对於这筹划万二分兴奋。
至於武道方面，我仍然是日日修习，与一班徒弟和朋友每星期两次，无所谓是西洋拳，跆拳道或摔角，派别是无所谓，只要和和气气不要反面矣。自从66年开始认真去练习后，觉得以前的偏见是错了，因此改叫我的心得练出的為截拳道，截拳道衹是名称矣，至紧要还是不要去局部偏见而练，当然我是日日练走，修习工具，日日要提高基本条件。拳理虽是要紧，现实的还是重要，两者虽需要。我是感谢你和师父在港时多多指导我咏春门径，其实是多得你使我多去走现实路，由其是在美国的西洋拳家，我也多和他们练，很多所谓"咏春名家", 我希望他们不要自作勇為去和他们打!
我可能会回港一行，希望你还是住旧址，知交朋友我们要多叙首，谈谈往事，真是何不乐為？见到叶师父请代问候。
祝
愉快
BruceLee
於1970年1月11日[19][20]

(English Translation)
Dear Shun-Leung, Jan. 11, 1970

It has been a long time since I last wrote to you. How are you? Alan Shaw's letter from Canada asks me to lend you my 8mm film. I am sorry about that. It is because I have lost it when I moved my home. That film is already very old and I seldom use it, so I have lost it. I am sorry for it. Now I have bought a house in Bel-Air. It is about half an acre. There are many trees. It has the taste of a range. It is located on a hill top near Beverly Hills. Moreover, besides my son Brandon, I have had a daughter, Shannon, who is seven months old now. Have you re-married ? Please send my regards to your sisters. Recently, I have organised a film production company. I have also written a story "The Silent Flute". James Coburn and I will act in it. Stirling Silliphant is the screen-play writer. He is a famous screen-play writer (In the Heat of the Night). We plan to make the first fighting film in Hollywood. The prospect is good. About six months later, the filming work will begin. All who participate in this film are my followers. In the future, Steve McQueen may also work together with me.

I am very excited about this plan. As to martial arts, I still practice daily. I meet my students and friends twice a week. No matter they are western boxer, Taekwondo learner or wrestler, I will meet them as long as they are friendly and will not get angry. Since I started to practice realistically in 1966 (Protectors, gloves, etc.), I feel that I had many prejudices before, and they are wrong. So I change the name of the gist of my study to Jeet-kune-do. Jeet-kune-do is only a name. The most important thing is to avoid having bias in the training. Of course, I run everyday, I practice my instruments (punch, kick, throw, etc.). I have to raise the basic conditions daily. Although the principle of boxing is important, practicality is even more important. I thank you and Master for teaching me the ways of Wing Chun in Hong Kong. Actually, I have to thank you for leading me to walk on a practical road. Especially in the States, there are western boxers, I often practise with them too. There are many so-called masters in Wing Chun here, I really hope that they will not be so arrogant as to fight with those western boxers.

I may make a trip to Hong Kong. I hope that you will live in the same place. We are intimate friends, we need to meet more and chat about our past days. That will be a lot of fun? When you see Master Yip, please send my regard to him. Happiness be with you!

Bruce Lee, 1970

Official Recognition by China in year 1996 as Science of Ving Tsun Kung Fu

In October 1996, National Sports Administration of China invited Wong Shun Leung (together with 12 students) to Beijing to teach and to promote Wong’s Ving Tsun to the Chinese peoples, the seminar turn out very successful with nearly 200 registered participants and among them were martial arts experts, enthusiast, police and army individuals. After the weeklong training with Wong and Wong’s students, both organizer and participants unanimously acknowledged that Wong’s Ving Tsun is not just an ordinary fighting skill but something deep, significant and highly effective, since then Wong’s fighting system became known as 咏春拳学 in Chinese, Ving Tsun Kuen Hok in Cantonese of Hong Kong and Science of Ving Tsun Kung Fu in Englsh,[21] today WSLVT (Wong Shun Leung Ving Tsun) is widespread in mainland China and worldwide.[22][23]

Fighting career

Beimo competition

Wong taught wing chun in Hong Kong throughout his life

Wong became active in beimo (比武): semi-organised bare-knuckle challenge fights in Hong Kong (sometimes known as 'kung fu elimination contests').[24] There were no rules, protective equipment, or time limits.[3] As Wong recalled in an interview, "When I competed, it was in secret. We went into a room, and the door was shut and there were no rules. The government did not allow them. They were illegal, but we didn't care. We fought until the other guy was knocked out."[6] Beimo competitions were held anywhere that was found to be convenient. Some beimo competitions were held on the streets in Hong Kong.[25][26]

In the early 1950s, compared to other kung fu styles, wing chun was hardly known.[27] It was a style of kung fu practiced by a minority—mostly members of the Association of Restaurant Workers of Hong Kong.[28] Different kung fu schools met secretly with each other for challenge matches. Wong was said to have faced opponents from many disciplines—"virtually every style of martial art in the colony."[14] He defeated many opponents in beimo matches in Hong Kong between the ages of 17 and 32, and his reputation grew as he continued winning these matches.[2] Some have attributed wing chun's fame in Hong Kong to Wong's beimo reputation.[9]

Students from different schools sometimes visited each other's schools and issued challenge to their top students and instructors. If a student was able to beat the main teacher or master of a particular school, the school would close down.[4] According to some of Yip's first-generation students, Wong "reputedly 'closed down' quite a number of schools in that way."[4] Reportedly, Wong won most of these contests within a few punches.[3][13][29] Wong's prowess in beimo helped him convince his secondary school classmate, Wu Chan Nam, to become his first student—Wu witnessed his win in a beimo match.[30] In addition, he encouraged his junior fellow students and his own students to compete in beimo competitions and arranged matches for them.[9] According to Yuen Yim Keung (袁炎強), Wong's student, Wong stopped arranging these matches because "his students were defeating not only other Kung Fu styles but also other students of Ving Tsun outside of the Wong Shun Leung family."[9] Wong also reportedly had a beimo match with a much bigger Russian boxer called Giko.[3][14] John Smith (a student of one of Wong's students),[31] reports that Wong defeated Giko,[32] and that Wong himself told Smith how he was able to achieve this victory.[32]

Wong was believed to have had over 60, and perhaps over 100, beimo matches and never lost.[6][8][9][10] This reputation earned him the name 'Gong Sau Wong' (i.e., 'King of Talking Hands').[10][11][12] Once asked if he was the best fighter in the world, he replied, "No, only the second best"; when then asked who was the best, he said, "I have not met him yet."[2]

Retirement from beimo competition

In what was to be Wong's last beimo match, he unintentionally blinded his opponent's eye; he then decided to quit beimo fighting.[33] Lee Hang Cheong (李恆昌), one of Wong's students, recalled that Wong had insulted his intended opponent (apparently a well-known kung fu instructor) to coerce him to fight, but regretted both instigating the fight and accidentally blinding the other man in one eye.[34] There is a discrepancy between Lee's account and others about Wong's age when he retired from beimo competition. A few sources claim that Wong competed in beimo until the age of 32.[2][3][13] Lee, however, said that Wong was around the age of 24.[34]

Another view is that Wong's last beimo match was actually a different kind of incident. In beimo competition, according to Yuen Yim Keung, "There were also no attacks to the eyes, throat or groin, but everything else could be applied."[9] Yuen also said that there were three two-minute rounds in a beimo match.[9] In contrast, others have said that there were no rules and no time limits.[2][3][13] Moreover, some question whether or not a referee was present. When Wu Chan Nam fought in a beimo match, there was a referee present—Wong Kiu.[35] According to Life and Legend of Bruce Lee, there was always supposed to be a referee present at a beimo match, as Wong re-enacted the scene of a 1950s beimo match on a rooftop and played the role of the referee.[36]

Other competitions

On 22 November 1957, the inaugural Taiwan–Hong Kong–Macau Open Chinese Kung Fu Competition (台港澳國術比賽) was held in Taiwan. Thirty-two competitors from Hong Kong and Macau formed a team and participated in this competition,[37] but only two Hong Kong competitors scored a victory.[38] Wong competed in his weight class and had a preliminary match with Wu Ming Jeet (吳明哲), a Taiwanese fighter known for his powerful kicks, but was knocked out and eliminated.[37] A documentary film covering the competition was played in Hong Kong, with a first-day showing on 12 February 1958.[37] In 1974, Unicorn Chan (小麒麟) recalled that it was in 1958 when Bruce Lee took him to watch a documentary film on kung fu competitions, and that Lee had watched it seven times before within the last four days.[37]

Wong once defeated a fencing champion on television with his wing chun butterfly knives.[39] Gary Lam recounted that "several years ago my Sifu, the late Wong Shun Leung, sparred with a champion western fencer on television. Wong easy beat the fencer, and when the fencer complained Wong had an unfair advantage with two swords, Wong offered him a second blade and beat him again."[39]

Wan Kam Leung (溫鑑良) witnessed the fight Wong fought with Bruce Lee when Lee returned to Hong Kong from the United States.[40] It took place at Lee's home in Kowloon Tong. Wong claimed that his hands were faster acting than Lee's, however Bruce retaliated by saying his kicks were much faster, thus provoking the friendly scuffle. Wan commented that Lee's kicks were fast and powerful whilst Wong's wing chun hand techniques were modified and practical. Wong and Lee only fought for a short period of time.[40]

Filmography

Enter the Dragon

Some sources claim that Wong choreographed some fight scenes in Enter the Dragon (龍爭虎鬥), saying that "... when shooting Enter the Dragon in Hong Kong, he [Bruce Lee] invited Wong to come on location to discuss the fight scenes"[3] and that "Wong in fact had been invited to choreograph some of the fight scenes in Enter the Dragon."[8] The documentary Dragon since 1973 consists of interviews with various Hong Kong personalities, mostly those who worked with Lee in his Golden Harvest days. None of the interviewees, including Bee Chan (陳會毅; one of Lee's most trusted assistants), Shek Kin (石堅), and Chaplin Chang (張欽鵬), mentioned that Wong had been invited to work as a fight scene choreographer for Enter the Dragon.[41]

A photograph of Wong, Lee, and Raymond Chow (鄒文懐) on one of the sets of Enter the Dragon (the weapon room) implies that Wong was present during filming.[8][15] Wong appears in the same clothing in that photograph as he wears in the footage of himself sparring with an extra on that particular set,[42] and thus could have been from the time when Wong attended a screen test for Game of Death, as described below.

Game of Death

Wong received an invitation to appear in Game of Death (死亡遊戲), but declined. He was scheduled to attend a screen test on the set of Enter the Dragon after Bruce Lee had finished shooting the film and was working on dubbing. Lee returned to Hong Kong from his last trip to the United States of America in late May 1973.[37] Thus, Wong would have attended the screen test sometime in June 1973.[42] Wong recalled, "About two months before he (Bruce Lee) died he gave me a phone call ... After this he left Hong Kong to settle his film business. When he came back, he called me up and wanted me to participate in the making of Game of Death. He had also invited me to the studio to attend a screen test. I did not promise to act in the film, yet I still went to attend the screen test to please him."[43] In a 1986 interview, Wong said, "I told him (Bruce Lee) that I didn't want to go and die in my first movie! ... I wasn't in dire financial straits at the time, so I didn't have to do the film (just) to make money."[3] The role of Lee's final opponent was thus played by basketball star Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.[3] In another interview, Wong said, "It was for Game of Death, but I declined because I thought that the moves of Wing Chun style wouldn’t look good on film. I think the Wing Chun method is ugly for movies but very good and very logical for real fighting."[5]

Later film work

In 1973, shortly after Bruce Lee's death, Wong acted in Life and Legend of Bruce Lee. In this Chinese film, Wong played the role of himself, an instructor at Yip Man's wing chun school who first met a teenager named Lee in the 1950s.[36] In the 1993 documentary film Death by Misadventure, Wong talked about his experiences with Lee.[44] He also starred in a training video, entitled Wing Chun: the Science of In-fighting, which was produced in the early 1980s.[13]

Notable students

Notable students of Wong Shun Leung from 1960s till 1997[45]

  • Wan Kam Leung
  • Barry Lee
  • Gary Lam
  • Clive Potter
  • Au Yeung Kim Man
  • Attilio Reale
  • Philipp Bayer
  • David Peterson
  • Chui Hock Yin
  • Chan Kim Man
  • Ernest Höfler
  • Naser Rexhbogaj
  • Ng Chun-Hong
  • Ng Wai Dang, Benny
  • Nino Bernardo
  • Steve Lee Swift
  • Tommy Yuen Yim Keung
  • Victor Koo
  • Li Heng Chang
  • Lewis Luk

Superstar student

  • Stephen Chow (Chinese: 周星驰) learned from Sifu Wong Shun Leung at young age for only 3 months and he stop learning due to financial constraints but keep on practicing by himself, [46] [47] [48] [49] years later he learned from Sifu Wan Kam Leung [50] [51]

Legacy

Wu and Wong's match in the 1957 kung fu competition in Taiwan is the only documented proof of Wong's involvement in fighting competition; the only records of Wong's beimo matches are from eyewitnesses. Since beimo competition was held secretly, the loser often denied involvement in the fight afterward, or both sides would claim victory after the fight. For example, in the match between Ni Yuk Tong (倪沃棠) and Wong, various accounts of the fight exist, and no one is sure of where the fight took place, how the fighters performed, and who won.[37] Thus, while many of Wong's students have referred to him as "one of the greatest fighters of this century"[12] (i.e., the 20th century), those outside the wing chun community could doubt the claim's authenticity.

Wong's participation in, and views on, tournaments reflected his philosophy on martial arts. When asked, "Did you compete in any organised tournaments with rules?" Wong replied, "Not in boxing. When I competed, it was in secret. We went into a room, and the door was shut and there were no rules. The government did not allow them. They were illegal, but we didn't care. We fought until the other guy was knocked out."[6] When asked, "Did you ever consider competing in combat sports?" Wong replied, "I have always liked boxing, I like anything about fighting, but my kind of fighting is not the sport version, it is real fighting where there are no rules."[5]

Notes

a. ^ Wong's date of birth is given as 8 May 1935 by Philipp Bayer (one of his students) and Roy Horan (in an article for Black Belt magazine in 1983),[15][52] but some other sources give his date of birth as 8 June 1935.[53][54]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ving Tsun Athletic Association (1990): The development of Ving Tsun Kungfu in Hong Kong: 1954-1960 Retrieved on 24 June 2009.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Castrounis, L. (1997): Wong Shun Leung (1936–1997) (sic). Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 Peterson, D.: Wong Shun Leung: The Legend behind the Legend; Recalling the life of Bruce Lee's teacher Retrieved on 25 June 2009.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Montaigue, E.: Interview with Wong Shun Leung Retrieved on 6 July 2009.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Ving Tsun Update: Interview with Wong Shun Leung Retrieved on 6 July 2009.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Poon, D.: Interview with Wong Shun Leung (originally published in Qi Magazine). Retrieved 6 July 2009.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Peterson, D. (2001): Wong Shun Leung Ving Tsun Gung Fu: A scientific approach to combat (originally published in Fight Times, October 2001, New Zealand). Retrieved 15 March 2009.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Wong Shun Leung Ving Tsun Kung Fu Association UK Retrieved on 4 July 2009.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Smith, J. (16 November 2006): Yesteryear Ving Tsun by Yuen Yim Keung (interview). Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Ng Family Martial Arts: Wong Shun Leung 1935–1997 Retrieved on 6 July 2009.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Peterson, D., & Verratti, E. (1998): Ving Tsun by definition: Getting it right ... the “Wong Way"!!! (originally published in Martial arts legends: Wing Chun, November 1998, USA). Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Peterson, D. (2001): Get out of the way, ... and make them pay: The street-effective footwork of Wing Chun (originally published in Fight Times, December 2001 and January 2002, New Zealand). Retrieved 6 July 2009.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Anonymous (2003): Wong Shun Leung Retrieved on 4 July 2008.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Peterson, D. (1990): Wong Shun Leung: Wing Chun personified (originally published in Inside Kung-Fu, vol. 18, no. 2). Retrieved 25 June 2009.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Bayer, P.: Ving Tsun Update: Wong Shun Leung Retrieved on 25 June 2009.
  16. ↑ Lee, B. (1970): Bruce Lee's letter to Wong Shun Leung on 11 January 1970 (scan). Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  17. ↑ Wong, S. L.: Wong Shun Leung and His Friendship with Bruce Lee Retrieved on 4 July 2009.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ http://tieba.baidu.com/p/1878081391
  20. ↑ http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2347611410
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Grandmaster William Cheung Retrieved on 5 July 2009.
  25. ↑ Cheung, H.: Hawkins Cheung Profile Retrieved on 6 July 2009.
  26. ↑ Peterson, D. (2005): The Wong Shun Leung Method of Wing Chun Fung Fu (sic). Retrieved 6 July 2009.
  27. ↑ Leung, D.: The rise and fall of the Wing Chun (Ving Tsun) Family Retrieved on 5 July 2009.
  28. ↑ Ving Tsun Athletic Association (1990): The Development of Ving Tsun Kungfu in Hong Kong: 1950-1953 Retrieved on 5 July 2009.
  29. ↑ Martin, M. (2004): David Peterson: If you always assume that there’s always something to learn, you will always be successful! (originally published in Combat Magazine, September and October 2004). Retrieved 6 July 2009.
  30. ↑ Wu, C. N.: Ving Tsun Wu Chan Nam: Introduction at the Wayback Machine (archived July 27, 2009) Retrieved on 6 July 2009.
  31. ↑ Smith, J. (2004): Illawarra Ving Tsun School: John Smith Retrieved on 7 July 2009.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Smith, J. (2005): Wong Shun Leung: The man and his method (www.takeforum.com). This discussion is no longer available from the original host server, but a copy from Google's cache was retrieved on 7 July 2009.
  33. ↑ LeBlanc, G. E.: Wing Chun Qi Sao training Retrieved on 7 July 2009.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Lee, H. C.: 一代宗師黃淳樑: 黃淳樑之壯年, 作者: 李恆昌 (The legendary Master Wong Shun Leung: His young and strong age) (Chinese). Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  35. ↑ Wu, C. N.: Ving Tsun Wu Chan Nam Si Fu: Picture Gallery at the Wayback Machine (archived July 27, 2009) Retrieved on 7 July 2009.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 IMDb: Life and Legend of Bruce Lee Retrieved on 7 July 2009.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 37.5 Li, P. (July 1998). 李小龍: 神話再現 (From limited to limitless: The ways of Bruce Lee) (Chinese). Hong Kong: Oriental Resources Company (東方匯澤公司).
  38. ↑ Longley, K.: Dave Lacey 'Lai Dai Wai': Buck Sing Choy Lay Fut's unrepentant 'Black Panther' (originally published in Impact International Martial Arts Magazine). Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Lam, G., & LeBlanc, G. E.: The Wing Chun double knife training: Baat Jaam Do Retrieved on 7 July 2009.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Wan Kam Leung recalls Bruce lee fighting with Wong Shun Leung on YouTube (25 July 2009). Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  41. ↑ 龍一九七三以後 (Dragon since 1973). Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 IMDb: Bruce Lee, the Legend Retrieved on 7 July 2009.
  43. ↑ Wong, S. L.: Wong Shun Leung on Bruce Lee Retrieved on 7 July 2009.
  44. ↑ IMDb: Death by Misadventure Retrieved on 8 July 2009.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. ↑ Horan, R. (1983): "Wong Shun Leung: A Wing Chun phenomenon." Black Belt, 21(9):28–35
  53. ↑ Auyeung, C., & Luk, L. (c. 2005): Wong Shun Leung, the Legend Retrieved on 8 May 2010.
  54. ↑ The Wing Chun Archive: The Wong Shun Leung Method (20 February 2006). Retrieved 8 May 2010.
Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Wong_Shun_Leung&oldid=924482"