Jewish population by country

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
(Redirected from World Jewry)
Jump to: navigation, search

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Jewish population by country (2016)

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

The world's core Jewish population was estimated at 14,511,000 in April 2018,[1] up from 14.41 million in 2016.[2][3][4] Demographer Sergio DellaPergola proposes an "extended" Jewish population, including people identifying as partly Jewish and non-Jews with Jewish parents, numbering 17.3 million globally, and an "enlarged" Jewish population figure that also includes non-Jewish members of Jewish households totaling 20.2 million. Additionally, the total number of people who hold or are eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return — defined as anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent, and who does not profess any other religion — is estimated at around 23 million, of which 6.6 million were living in Israel as of 2015. Figures for these expanded categories are less precise than for the core Jewish population.[4]

While dozens of countries host at least a small Jewish population, the community is concentrated in a handful: Israel and the United States account for 83% of the Jewish population, while a total of 98 countries host the other 17%.[4]

With just over 6.5 million Jews, Israel is the only Jewish majority and explicitly Jewish state. Jewish population figures for the United States are contested, ranging between 5.7 and 6.8 million.[5] (The core global total of Jews jumps above 15 million if the highest American estimates are assumed). Other countries with a significant Jewish population are, like Israel and the United States, typically well-developed Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development members with Jews concentrated in major urban centers.[4]

In 1939, the core Jewish population reached its historical peak of 17 million. Due to the Holocaust, the number was reduced to 11 million in 1945.[6][7][8] The population grew to around 13 million by the 1970s, and then recorded near-zero growth until around 2005 due to low fertility rates and to assimilation.[7] Since 2005, the world's Jewish population grew modestly at an annual rate of around 0.78% (to 2013). This increase primarily reflected the rapid growth of Haredi and some Orthodox sectors, who are becoming a growing proportion of Jews.[9]

Recent trends

Recent Jewish population dynamics are characterized by continued steady increase in the Israeli Jewish population and flat or declining numbers in other countries (the diaspora). The Jewish population of Israel increased from the country's inception in 1948 to 6,135,000 in 2014[10] while the population of the diaspora has dropped from 10.5 to 8.1 million over the same period.[4] Current Israeli Jewish demographics are characterized by a relatively high fertility rate of 3 children per woman and a stable age distribution.[11] The overall growth rate of Jews in Israel is 1.7% annually.[12] The diaspora countries, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people leaving Judaism versus those joining.[4]

Immigration trends also favor Israel ahead of diaspora countries. The Jewish state has a positive immigration balance (called aliyah in Hebrew). Israel saw its Jewish numbers significantly buoyed by a million-strong wave of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union in the 1990s[13] and immigration growth has been steady in the low tens of thousands since then.[14] In the rest of the world, only the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany have had a positive recent Jewish migration balance outside of Israel. In general, the English-speaking world has seen its share of the diaspora increase since the Holocaust and the foundation of Israel, while historic Jewish populations in Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East have significantly declined or disappeared.[15]

France continues to be home to the world's third largest Jewish community, around 500,000,[16][17] but has shown an increasingly negative trend. Emigration loss to Israel amongst French Jews reached the tens of thousands between 2014 and 2017 following a wave of antisemitic attacks.[18][19]

Debate over United States numbers

The number of Jews in the United States has been the subject of much debate because of questions over counting methodology. In 2012, Sheskin and Dashefsky put forward a figure of 6.72 million based on a mixture of local surveys, informed local estimates, and US census data. They qualified their estimate with a concern over double counting and suggested the real figure may lie between 6 and 6.4 million.[20] Drawing on their work, the Steinhardt Social Research Institute released their own estimate of 6.8 million Jews in the United States in 2013.[21] These figures are in contrast to Israeli demographer Sergio DellaPergola's number of 5,425,000, also in 2012.[5] He has called high estimates “implausible” and “unreliable” although he revised the United States Jewish number upward to 5.7 million in subsequent years.[2][5] This controversy followed a similar debate in 2001 when the National Jewish Population Survey released a United States Jewish estimate as low as 5.2 million only to have serious methodological errors suggested in their survey.[5] In sum, a confidence interval of a million or more people is likely to persist in reporting on the number of Jewish Americans.

Countries and territories

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Below is a list of Jewish populations in the world by country or territory. Unless otherwise indicated, core and enlarged population numbers are taken from DellaPergola's chapter "World Jewish Population" of the American Jewish Year Book of 2014.[3] Where other credible sources present competing numbers, they are presented with a range and citation. DellaPergola's population figures are primarily based on national censuses combined with trend analysis. He has described the "core Jewish population" in the diaspora as "all persons who, when asked in a socio-demographic survey, identify themselves as Jews; or who are identified as Jews by a respondent in the same household, and do not have another monotheistic religion."[3] DellaPergola defined the "enlarged Jewish population" by adding those "persons who state they are partly Jewish", "non-Jews who have Jewish parents", and "non-Jewish members of Jewish households" to the "core Jewish population."[3]

The American Jewish Year Book numbers are reproduced with explanatory notes by country in the online Jewish Virtual Library.[22] The library is a comprehensive non-governmental website covering topics about U.S.-Israel relations and the Jewish people. A number of tiny countries whose Jewish populations are not listed in DellaPergola are provided here from the Virtual Library. For European countries, further information is provided by the Institute for Jewish Policy Research, including an interactive map of core and enlarged Jewish population that generally corresponds to DellaPergola's figures.[23]

Country populations used to deduce the "Population per Jewish Person" column in the table are taken from the CIA World Factbook, with most estimates current as of July 2014.[24]

Table

Country or Territory Core Jewish
Population (2016)[25]
Jews per 1,000
total population (2016)[25]
Enlarged Jewish
Population (2016)[25]
National official statistics
World 14,410,700 1.96 20,368,800 N/A
Israel Israel[lower-alpha 1] 6,336,400 748.62 6,706,400 6,554,500 (2016)[26]
United States United States 5,700,000 17.75 10,000,000 N/A
France France 460,000 7.15 600,000 N/A
Canada Canada 388,000 10.84 550,000 143,665 (2016)[27]
United Kingdom United Kingdom 290,000 4.44 370,000 269,568 (2011)[28][29][30]
Argentina Argentina 180,700 4.26 330,000 N/A
Russia Russia 179,500 1.24 380,000 157,968 (2010)[31]
Germany Germany 117,000 1.44 225,000 84,430 (2011)[32]
Australia Australia 113,000 4.73 140,000 91,022 (2016)[33]
Brazil Brazil 94,200 0.46 150,000 107,329 (2010)[33]
South Africa South Africa 69,500 1.26 80,000 75,555 (2001)[33]
Ukraine Ukraine 56,000 1.31 140,000 105,480 (2001)[34]
Hungary Hungary 47,600 4.86 100,000 10,965 (2011)[33]
Mexico Mexico 40,000 0.31 50,000 67,476 (2010)[33]
Netherlands Netherlands 29,900 1.77 52,000 0.1% (2016)[35]
Belgium Belgium 29,500 2.63 40,000 N/A
Italy Italy 27,400 0.44 40,000 N/A
Switzerland Switzerland 18,800 2.27 25,000 16,763 (2011)[33]
Chile Chile 18,300 1.02 26,000 14,976 (2002)[33]
Uruguay Uruguay 17,000 5.00 25,000 N/A
Turkey Turkey 15,500 0.20 21,000 N/A
Sweden Sweden 15,000 1.53 25,000 N/A
Spain Spain 11,800 0.25 18,000 N/A
Belarus Belarus 10,400 1.09 25,000 12,935 (2009)[36]
Panama Panama 10,000 2.5 15,000[37] N/A
Romania Romania 9,300 0.47 17,000 3,519 (2011)[33]
Austria Austria 9,000 1.05 17,000 8,140 (2001)[33]
Iran Iran 9,000 0.11 12,000 9,826 (2016)[33]
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 8,400 0.87 16,000 9,084 (2009)[38]
Venezuela Venezuela 7,700 0.25 12,000 0% (2010)[39]
New Zealand New Zealand 7,500 1.63 9,500 6,867 (2013)[33]
Denmark Denmark 6,400 1.12 8,500 N/A
India India 5,000 0.00 7,000 4,650 (2011)[40]
Latvia Latvia 5,000 2.50 12,000 8,332 (2018)[41]
Greece Greece 4,300 0.37 6,000 N/A
Czech Republic Czech Republic 3,900 0.37 6,500 1,474 (2011)[42]
Moldova Moldova 3,500 0.85 7,500 584 (2014)[43]
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan 3,500 0.11 8,000 94,689 (1989)[44]
Poland Poland 3,200 0.08 7,500 2,488 (2011)[45]
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 2,900 0.17 6,500 5,281 (2009)[33]
Lithuania Lithuania 2,700 0.93 6,500 1,229 (2011)[33]
China China[lower-alpha 2] 2,600 0.00 3,300 N/A
Georgia (country) Georgia
South Ossetia South Ossetia
2,600 0.68 6,000 1,417 (2014)[33]
1 (2015)[46]
Slovakia Slovakia 2,600 0.48 4,600 1,999 (2011)[33]
Costa Rica Costa Rica 2,500 0.52 3,100 N/A
Colombia Colombia 2,300 0.05 3,200 N/A
Morocco Morocco 2,300 0.07 2,700 N/A
Bulgaria Bulgaria 2,000 0.28 6,000 706 (2011)[33]
Estonia Estonia 2,000 1.54 3,400 355 (2011)[33]
Peru Peru 1,900 0.06 3,000 N/A
Croatia Croatia 1,700 0.40 3,000 536 (2011)[33]
Republic of Ireland Ireland 1,600 0.35 2,400 1,921 (2016)[47]
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico 1,500 0.43 2,500 N/A
Serbia Serbia 1,400 0.20 2,800 578 (2011)[33]
Finland Finland 1,300 0.24 1,900 1,093 (2017)[48]
Norway Norway 1,300 0.25 2,000 789 (2018)[49]
Tunisia Tunisia 1,100 0.10 1,300 N/A
Japan Japan 1,000 0.01 1,400 N/A
Paraguay Paraguay 1,000 0.14 1,600 1,100 (2002)[33]
Guatemala Guatemala 900 0.06 1,500 N/A
Singapore Singapore 900 0.16 1,200 N/A
Ecuador Ecuador 600 0.04 1,000 N/A
Gibraltar Gibraltar 600 20.00 800 763 (2012)[33]
Luxembourg Luxembourg 600 1.00 1,000 N/A
Portugal Portugal 600 0.06 1,000 3,061 (2011)[33]
Bolivia Bolivia 500 0.05 900 N/A
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 500 0.14 1,000 262 (2013)[50]
Cuba Cuba 500 0.05 1,500 N/A
United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands 400 3.64 700 N/A
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan 400 0.07 1,000 455 (2018)[51]
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 400 0.02 800 N/A
 Bahamas 300 0.75 700 191 (2010)[33]
Kenya Kenya 300 0.01 700 N/A
Jamaica Jamaica 200 0.07 400 506 (2011)[33]
Suriname Suriname 200 0.33 600 181 (2012)[52]
Thailand Thailand 200 0.00 400 N/A
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 200 0.04 400 1,537 (1995)[53]
Botswana Botswana 100 0.05 300 N/A
Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo 100 0.00 300 N/A
Cyprus Cyprus 100 0.08 300 N/A
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 100 0.01 300 N/A
Egypt Egypt 100 0.00 300 N/A
El Salvador El Salvador 100 0.02 300 N/A
Ethiopia Ethiopia 100 0.00 1,000 N/A
  1. REDIRECT Template:Country data North Macedonia Macedonia ||100||0.05||300||53 (2002)[54]
Malta Malta 100 0.25 300 N/A
Namibia Namibia 100 0.04 300 N/A
Nigeria Nigeria 100 0.00 300 N/A
Philippines Philippines 100 0.00 300 N/A
Slovenia Slovenia 100 0.05 300 99 (2001)[33]
South Korea South Korea 100 0.00 300 N/A
Syria Syria 100 0.01 300 N/A
Taiwan Taiwan 100 0.00 300 N/A
Aruba Aruba - - - 354 (2010)[33]
Nicaragua Nicaragua - - - 199 (2005)[33]
 Bermuda - - - 135 (2010)[33]
 Armenia - - - 127 (2011)[55]
Barbados Barbados - - - 103 (2011)[33]
Mauritius Mauritius - - - 43 (2011)[33]
 Tajikistan - - - 38 (2010)[38][56]
 Anguilla - - - 16 (2001)[33]
 Faroe Islands - - - 12 (2011)[57]
 Montenegro - - - 12 (2003)[33]
 British Virgin Islands - - - 11 (2010)[33]
 Falkland Islands - - - 1 (2006)[33]

Remnant and vanished populations

The above table represents Jews that number at least a few dozen per country. Reports exist of Jewish communities remaining in other territories in the low single digits that are on the verge of disappearing, particularly in the Muslim world, as their reaction to the birth of Israel in 1948 was the persecution of Jews in nearly all Muslim lands; these are often of historical interest as they represent the remnant of much larger Jewish populations. For example, Egypt had a Jewish community of 80,000 in the early 20th century that numbered fewer than 40 as of 2014, mainly because of the forced expulsion movements to Israel and other countries at that time.[58] Afghanistan may have only one Jew left, Zablon Simintov, despite a 2,000 year history of Jewish presence.[59] In Syria, another ancient Jewish community saw mass exodus at the end of the 20th century and numbered fewer than 20 in the midst of the Syrian Civil War.[60] The size of the Jewish community in Indonesia has been variously given as 65, 100, or 18 at most over the last 50 years.[61][62]

Core Jewish population

According to the Jewish Data Bank (Table 4),[63] the 22 countries as of 2016 with the largest core Jewish populations were:

Jewish population by city as a percentage of total population (list does not include cities in Israel)

Rank City Country Percent Number
1 Qırmızı Qəsəbə[64]  Azerbaijan 100 3,300
2 Kiryas Joel[65]  United States 99 22,000
3 Deal  United States 91 600[citation needed]
4 Beachwood[66]  United States 90.4 10,700
5 Hampstead[67]  Canada 74.2 5,170
6 Côte-Saint-Luc[68]  Canada 69.1 20,146
7 Lakewood[69]  United States 59 59,607
8 Teaneck[70]  United States 50 18,000
9 Livingston  United States 46 12,600[citation needed]
10 Caulfield North[71]  Australia 41.1 8619
11 Elstree, Hertfordshire[72]  United Kingdom 36.0 1,840
12 Caulfield South[73]  Australia 33.9 4,008
13 Rose Bay[74]  Australia 27.3 2,744
14 Radlett, Hertfordshire[75][76]  United Kingdom 26.28 2,579
15 Sarcelles[77]  France 25 15,000
16 Mercer Island[78]  United States 25 5,000
17 St Kilda East[79]  Australia 24.8 3,246
18 Créteil[80]  France 24.4 22,000
19 Vaucluse[81]  Australia 23.2 2,163
20 Westmount[82]  Canada 23.2 4,495
21 Bellevue Hill[83]  Australia 21.4 2,300
22 Dollard-des-Ormeaux[84]  Canada 21.1 10,115
23 Shenley, Hertfordshire[85]  United Kingdom 15.7 864
24 New York City[86]  United States 18 1,540,000
25 Elsternwick[87]  Australia 17.8 1,846
26 Bushey, Hertfordshire[88]  United Kingdom 17.65 4,546
27 Vaughan[89]  Canada 15.28 43,760
28 Bondi[90]  Australia 12.7 1,272
29 Borehamwood, Hertfordshire[91]  United Kingdom 12.22 3,906
30 Mount Royal[92]  Canada 12.0 2,205
31 Chigwell Row, Essex[93]  United Kingdom 13.3 294
32 Chigwell, Essex[94]  United Kingdom 11.5 1,492
33 Miami[95][not in citation given]  United States 9.86 535,000
34 Marseille[96]  France 9 70,000
35 Buenos Aires[97]  Argentina 8.22 244,000
36 Moor Park, Hertfordshire[98]  United Kingdom 8.1 448
37 Bricket Wood, Hertfordshire[99]  United Kingdom 6.67 273
38 Bury[100]  United Kingdom 5.60 10,360
39 Philadelphia[95]  United States 4.89 276,000
40 Buckhurst Hill, Essex[101][102]  United Kingdom 4.83 549
41 Toronto[103]  Canada 4.21 103,500

See also

Notes

  1. Numbers in this list are the total for Israel proper as well as Israeli settlers in the West Bank. Broken down by area, the Jewish population numbers are:[25]
    • Israel: 5,959,200 (core); 6,320,900 (enlarged)
    • West Bank: 377,200 (core); 385,500 (enlarged)
  2. Figures includes mainland China and Hong Kong SAR. See: History of the Jews in China and History of the Jews in Hong Kong.

References

  1. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named toi18
  2. 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. Post-Soviet Aliyah and Jewish Demographic Transformation - Mark Tolts.
  14. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. 2012. Retrieved on 30 January 2014.
  23. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. 33.00 33.01 33.02 33.03 33.04 33.05 33.06 33.07 33.08 33.09 33.10 33.11 33.12 33.13 33.14 33.15 33.16 33.17 33.18 33.19 33.20 33.21 33.22 33.23 33.24 33.25 33.26 33.27 33.28 33.29 33.30 33.31 33.32 33.33 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. 38.0 38.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. CIA World Fact Book
  62. Levenda 2007, pp. 188.
  63. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  64. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  65. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  66. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  67. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  69. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  70. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  72. Template:Census 2011 UK
  73. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  74. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  75. [1]
  76. [2]
  77. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  78. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  79. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  80. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  81. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  82. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  83. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  84. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  85. [3]
  86. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  87. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  88. Template:Census 2011 UK
  89. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  90. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  91. Template:Census 2011 GBR
  92. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  93. [4]
  94. [5]
  95. 95.0 95.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  96. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  97. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  98. [6]
  99. [7]
  100. [8]
  101. [9]
  102. [10]
  103. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links