Zanjan, Iran

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"Zenjan" redirects here. For the village in Isfahan Province, see Zenjan, Isfahan.

Lua error in Module:Infobox at line 235: malformed pattern (missing ']'). Zanjan (<phonos file="Zanjan.ogg">pronunciation</phonos> [2] Persian: زنجان, Azerbaijani: زنگان, Zәngan, Zәncan) is the capital of Zanjan Province in north-western Iran. It lies 298 km (185 mi) north-west of Tehran on the main highway to Tabriz and Turkey and approximately 125 km (78 mi) from the Caspian Sea. The city is located about 20 kilometers south of the Qaflankuh Mountain Range. At the 2011 census, its population was 386,851, which is the 20th largest city in Iran. The population of Zanjan consists mostly of Iranian Azerbaijanis who speak the Azerbaijani language.[3]

Zanjan is known for its beautiful handcrafts such as knives, traditional sandals, called charoogh, and malileh, a handcraft made with silver wires. Zanjani artists make many things like various decorative dishes and their special covers as well as silver jewelry. In ancient times, Zanjan was known for its stainless and sharp knives. But this tradition is gradually becoming extinct by introduction of Chinese-made knives into the market which are far cheaper, more abundant and of course less artistic[citation needed]. Many villagers today are traditional carpet weavers, perhaps Zanjan's most popular handcraft. Zanjan's population boasts the highest level of happiness among the people of 30 other provinces in Iran, according to a detailed survey conducted by Isna.[4]

History

Hamdollah Mostowfi, the Iranian traveler and historian, in his book claims that Zanjan was built by Ardashir I, the first king of the Sassanid Empire and named as "Shahin".[5] One important moment in the history of the city was in 1851 when the city became a center for the Babi uprisings, along with Neyriz and a fortress known as Shaykh Tabarsi. The forces of the central government captured the Babi fort in Zanjan after a long siege on the orders of Grand Vizier (Prime Minister of Iran) Amir Kabir and killed or expelled the Bab's followers.[6] According to Bosworth, who quotes Hamdollah Mostowfi, the inhabitants during the Ilkhanid era spoke "pure Pahlawi", a Median or northern form of Persian.[7]

Climate

Zanjan has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with hot, dry summers and cold, moist winters. Precipitation is very low, and mostly falls between October and May.

Climate data for Zanjan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.0
(62.6)		 22.0
(71.6)		 25.0
(77)		 27.0
(80.6)		 32.0
(89.6)		 38.0
(100.4)		 40.0
(104)		 39.4
(102.9)		 35.0
(95)		 30.0
(86)		 23.0
(73.4)		 18.0
(64.4)		 40
(104)
Average high °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8)		 4.3
(39.7)		 10.3
(50.5)		 17.0
(62.6)		 22.8
(73)		 28.8
(83.8)		 32.2
(90)		 31.6
(88.9)		 28.1
(82.6)		 20.4
(68.7)		 12.7
(54.9)		 5.5
(41.9)		 18.0
(64.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3
(27)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 4.9
(40.8)		 11.0
(51.8)		 16.4
(61.5)		 21.7
(71.1)		 25.2
(77.4)		 24.4
(75.9)		 20.3
(68.5)		 13.5
(56.3)		 6.8
(44.2)		 0.4
(32.7)		 11.73
(53.12)
Average low °C (°F) −8.1
(17.4)		 −6.4
(20.5)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 3.7
(38.7)		 7.6
(45.7)		 11.2
(52.2)		 14.9
(58.8)		 14.2
(57.6)		 9.9
(49.8)		 5.5
(41.9)		 0.7
(33.3)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 4.0
(39.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 33.5
(1.319)		 30.0
(1.181)		 45.7
(1.799)		 56.5
(2.224)		 46.2
(1.819)		 7.3
(0.287)		 4.6
(0.181)		 3.4
(0.134)		 4.2
(0.165)		 26.0
(1.024)		 28.8
(1.134)		 29.2
(1.15)		 315.4
(12.417)
Average precipitation days 10.7 9.4 12.5 12.3 11.1 3.3 2.1 2.3 1.7 6.5 7.3 9.6 88.8
Average relative humidity (%) 72 69 61 54 49 40 38 39 38 49 59 68 53
Mean monthly sunshine hours 150.1 139.3 172.5 213.3 267.2 328.9 334.5 317.3 295.8 229.3 164.7 137.0 2,749.9
Source: NOAA (1961–1990) [8]

Colleges and universities

Zanjan is also home to several universities such as:

Sports

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Zanjan is known for having one of the best indoor sport climbing walls in the middle east. It is located in Enghelab sports complex. The facility also includes standard speed climbing walls. The city's football team is Shahrdari Zanjan who play in the 2nd Division.

Famous natives

For a complete list see: Category:People from Zanjan, Iran

Photo gallery

  • Archaeology museum of Zanjan

  • Jamee mosque Zanjan-by Flickr.jpg

    Seyyed Mosque

  • Bazaar of Zanjan

  • Rakhtshur khaneh, (traditional laundry house of Qajar era, Zanjan's Museum of Anthropology)

  • Sakhteman markazi01.jpg

    University of Zanjan

  • Soltaniyeh's tiles (interior designs)

Sister cities

See also

References

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External links

  1. ↑ Population according to statistical center of Iran in Persian
  2. ↑ Zanjan, Iran can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3088976" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Abdu'l-Bahá, Edward Granville. "A Traveller's Narrative Written to Illustrate the Episode of the Báb", Published by Kalimat Press, 2004, ISBN 1-890688-37-1, ISBN 978-1-890688-37-0
  7. ↑ Bosworth, C.E.,"Zanjan", Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Ed., vol. 11:447. "... and also stated that the inhabitants spoke "pure Pahlawi", i.e. a Median or northern form of Persian"
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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