Đuro Daničić

Đuro Daničić

Đuro Daničić (born Đorđe Popović; Serbian Cyrillic: Ђуро Даничић, pronounced [dʑǔːrɔ dânit͡ʃit͡ɕ]; April 4, 1825 – November 17, 1882), was a Serbian and Croatian philologist, translator, linguistic historian and lexicographer. He was a prolific scholar at the Belgrade Lyceum.

Biography

He was born in Novi Sad, in the family of Orthodox priest Jovan Popović. He attended schools in Novi Sad and Bratislava, and studied law at the University of Vienna. He published his first papers under the name Đuro Daničić in 1845, after the heroic Senj Uskok from a folk poem, and a name that he continued to use throughout the rest of his life. Under the influence of Vuk Karadžić and Franc Miklošič, he started studying Slavic philology, to which he subsequently devoted his entire career. In 1856, he became the librarian of the People's Library in Belgrade and secretary of the Society of Serbian Literacy, and, in 1859, professor of the Belgrade Lyceum (Velika škola). In 1866 he was invited to Zagreb to serve as a secretary general of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts (JAZU). From 1873 he taught as a professor in the Belgrade Higher School, and in 1877 he returned to Zagreb where he played a key role in preparing the Academy's Dictionary, "Croatian or Serbian Dictionary of JAZU". He was editor of the first volume (A-češula) that was published from 1880 to 1882.

His death in 1882, in Zagreb, interrupted that work and his body was buried in Marko's cemetery in Belgrade.

Works

File:Rjecnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika.jpg

Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (Croatian or Serbian Dictionary) 1882.

Daničić played an key role of laying the foundation of Serbian philology, grammar, historical dictionary and dialectology on the basis of principles set by Vuk Karadžić. His translation of the Old Testament, mostly from German sources, also influenced Croatian translation literature. Daničić also assisted Karadžić in his translation of the New Testament into Serbian in 1847. After undergoing a revision, both translations were accepted and are still in use today by the Serbian Orthodox Church and its members.

In 1847, he published a well-known polemical essay "The War for Serbian Language and Orthography", where he opposed linguistic ideas of Miloš Svetić, better known as Jovan Hadžić, Karadžić's main opponent, and supported Karadžić's phonemic orthography. He gave the theoretical background to Karadžić's concepts in his numerous linguistic works.

Daničić also studied the older Serbian literature and his redactions of old manuscripts are still in use, like Theodossus' Hagiography of Saint Sava (1860), Domentian's Hageographies of Saint Simeon and Saint Sava (1865), Gospels of Nicholas (Nikoljsko jevanđelje) (1864), Lives of Kings and Archbishops Serbian (1866) and numerous others.

Daničić started scientific work as supporter of Karadžić's ideas of linguistic pan-Serbism (attribution of Shtokavian dialect and written heritage to Serbian ethnos). His early works were ostensibly devoted to "Serbs of Catholic faith", for which he was criticized even by young Vatroslav Jagić. In 1857, he published "Differences between Languages Serbian and Croatian" (written using the old orthography) where he identified Croatian with the Chakavian dialect. However, his attitudes evaluated towards promotion of pan-Yugoslavian ideology, much closer to the viewpoints of Illyrian movement, with which he was closely cooperating. That included linguistic unity of Croats and Serbs and the opinion that the Croatian literature is at the same time Serbian and vice versa. His linguistic papers were titled using "Croatian or Serbian" qualifier when he published in Zagreb, and "Serbian or Croatian" when published in Belgrade.

Legacy

He is included in The 100 most prominent Serbs.

Selected works

• Little Serbian Grammar (1850)
• Serbian Syntax (1858)
• Morphemes in Serbian or Croatian Language (1872)
• History of Morphemes in Serbian or Croatian Language (1874)
• Basics of Serbian or Croatian Language, (1876)
• Roots in Croatian or Serbian Language (1877)
• Croatian or Serbian Dictionary. Volume 1 (A-češula) (1880–1882)
• Serbian accents

Sources

• Jovan Skerlić Istorija nove srpske književnosti (Belgrade, 1921) pages 255-271
• Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts: http://www.sanu.ac.rs/English/Clanstvo/IstClan.aspx?arg=130