.рф

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.рф
Flag Russia template.svg.РФ
Introduced 13 May 2010
TLD type Cyrillic country code top level domain
Status Active
Registry Coordination Center for the Internet National Domain
Intended use Entities connected with the Russian Federation
Actual use Active / Limited registration
Registered domains 839,515 (July 2014)[1]
Registration restrictions Intended for Cyrillic domain names only.[2]
DNS name xn--p1ai
Website кц.рф
DNSSEC no

The domain name .рф (romanized as .rf [3]) is the Cyrillic country code top-level domain for the Russian Federation, in the Domain Name System of the Internet. In the Domain Name System it has the ASCII DNS name xn--p1ai. The domain accepts only Cyrillic subdomain applications, and is the first Cyrillic implementation of the Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) system. The domain became operational on 13 May 2010.[4] As of 2014 it is the most used internationalized country code top-level domain with around 900,000 domain names.[5]

Character set

рф (Russian: Российская Федерация) is transliterated as Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, the Russian Federation. The domain has an ASCII representation of xn--p1ai derived as Punycode for use in the Domain Name System.

The domain is intended for Internet resources with names in the Russian language using Cyrillic.[2]

A principle in the approval process of ICANN Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO) states that Cyrillic two-character top-level domains should not exclusively use characters that could be confused with Latin characters of identical or similar shapes—not just those containing the seven letters а, е, о, р, с, у, and х, but also proposed ccTLDs such as .бг (Bulgaria) due to its visual similarity to .br.[6] As such, GNSO sought to avoid the direct transcription of "ru" into Cyrillic, "ру",[7] and common abbreviations for Russia (Russian: Россия), such as "ро", in order to avoid confusion with the Latin ccTLDs .py (Paraguay) and .po (currently unassigned). In English sources .рф can be romanized as .rf, but the latter is not a valid domain for Russia. More recently, four other countries have won approval of three-letter Cyrillic ccTLDs such as .укр, .срб, .мон and .қаз. As of today .рф remains the only Cyrillic ccTLD with two letters.

Early preparations

The preparation, development, and technical testing of the domain started in 2007 by registrar RU Center.[8] The domain delegation process started in November 2009 as an application to ICANN under the new Fast Track IDN ccTLD process. The domain is expected to be launched in 2010. In preparation for a launch, RU Center opened a sunrise registration period for Russian trademark owners from 25 November 2009 to 25 March 2010.[9] General public registrations are planned starting 20 April 2010 through June 2010 using a Dutch auction process, and at a fixed price beginning in July 2010.

In January 2010 ICANN announced that the domain was one of the first four new non-Latin ccTLDs to have passed the Fast Track String Evaluation within the domain application process.[10]

In a press release in December 2007, Alexei Lesnikov of RU-Center suggested that an auction for domain names could be highly successful, as was the case with a similar domain name auction on the .su ccTLD.[2]

With comparisons being made with an equivalent Chinese TLD of .中国, it was anticipated that take-up of a Russian Cyrillic TLD could outstrip demand for the Latin alphabet equivalent, .ru.[2] As of 2014 however, .ru has five times as many registrations as .рф.

First use

The top-level domain became operational on the Internet on 13 May 2010.[4] The first two accessible sites were http://президент.рф (president) and http://правительство.рф (government).[11]

Related domains

The traditional country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Russia, based on the ISO country codes, is ru. There is no direct mapping of subdomains between рф and ru, they are independent domains hosting potentially different resources. However, many resources may use URL redirection or DNS pointers to provide mapping between the name spaces. For example, the URLs http://президент.рф (prezident.rf) and http://kremlin.ru point to the identical resource, and http://яндекс.рф (Yandex) redirects to http://www.yandex.ru.

Second level domains

The second level domain names are registered directly with user defined names, such as company names. There are no standardized category names (such as com or org) used on the second level. The second level domain names are intended to have Cyrillic characters only, but some have Latin characters[12] or digits instead.[13] For the third level names, it is fairly common that "www" (Latin characters) are used, but most main company addresses don't use any third level name.

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 (Russian) Кириллический домен ".рф" появится в Сети в 2008 году (Cyrillic domain ".рф" will be introduced in 2008), RBC Informations Systems, 25 December 2007; accessed 24 September 2008.
  3. ↑ Rossia.rf becomes first Cyrillic domain, RIA Novosti, 25/11/2009
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ World report on Internationalised Domain Names 2014 page 94
  6. ↑ General remarks on Cyrillic IDNs, ICANN Generic Names Supporting Organization wiki, revision dated 22 June 2008; accessed 24 September 2008.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ (Russian) Пресс-конференция «Итоги развития российского национального домена RU в 2007 году» (Press conference: The outcome of the development of the Russian national domain RU in 2007), ccTLD.ru, 24 December 2007; accessed 8 January 2008.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ (Russian) Этой ночью в Интернете запущен первый кириллический домен ".рф", RBC, 13 May 2010; accessed 13 May 2010.
  12. ↑ E.g. http://сгау.рф
  13. ↑ E.g. http://555509.рф

External links

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