14th century

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was the century lasting from January 1, 1301, to December 31, 1400. Political and natural disaster and black death ravaged Europe, as well as the four khanates of the Mongolian Empire. Consequently, the Mongol court was driven out of China and retreated to Mongolia, the Ilkhanate collapsed in Persia, the Chaghatayid dissolved into two parts, and the Golden Horde lost its position as great power in Eastern Europe.

In Europe, the Black Death claimed between 75 to 200 million lives, while England and France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France.

Events

Filippo Brunelleschi, the Italian architect who by many is regarded as the most inventive and gifted designer in history.[1]
File:Shiva and Uma 14th century.jpg
This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). It is housed in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C..
The Hundred Years' War, Battle of Crécy between the English and French in 1346.

Significant people

File:Machaut 1.jpg
Guillaume de Machaut (at right) receiving Nature and three of her children, from an illuminated Parisian manuscript of the 1350s.
Timur The Lame

Artists

Literary figures

Statue of Dante Alighieri at the Uffizi, Florence

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Monarchs

Africa
  • Mansa Musa (d. 1337), King of the Mali Empire. During his reign Mali was the source of almost half the world's gold.
  • Amda Seyon I (13141344), Emperor of Ethiopia. Consolidated the power of his domain beyond the Ethiopian highlands, initiating a long era of Christian proselytization and integration of peripheral areas
Asia
Europe and Near East
14th-century monarchs
14th century manuscript initial depicting Edward III of England (seated) and his son the Black Prince (kneeling)
Edward III and the Black Prince 
Dmitry Donskoy, illustration in Tsarsky Titulyarnik, 17th century
Official court painting of the Hongwu Emperor (reigned 1368-1398 AD), Ming Dynasty, China
The Hongwu Emperor, the founder and first emperor of the Ming dynasty of China 
Osman I, first Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 
Louis the Great of Hungary, one of the strongest kings of Hungary, c. 1342-1382 

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

References

  1. Filippo Brunelleschi, Totally History
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Ricklefs (1991), page 18
  3. Kern, J.H.C., (1907), De wij-inscriptie op het Amoghapāça-beeld van Padang Candi(Batang Hari-districten); 1269 Çaka, Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde.
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  5. Macdonnel, Arthur Anthony (1900). " Sanskrit Literature and the West.". A History of Sanskrit Literature. New York: D. Appleton and Co. p. 420.
  6. Richardson, Douglas, Plantagenet Ancestry, Baltimore, Md., 2004, p.23, ISBN 0-8063-1750-7
  7. Pound lock

Decades and years