1665

This article is about the year 1665.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century – 17th century – 18th century
Decades:	1630s  1640s  1650s  – 1660s –  1670s  1680s  1690s
Years:	1662 1663 1664 – 1665 – 1666 1667 1668

1665 by topic:

Arts and Science

Architecture - Art - Literature - Music - Science

Lists of leaders

Colonial governors - State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births - Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments - Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1665 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1665 MDCLXV
Ab urbe condita	2418
Armenian calendar	1114 ԹՎ ՌՃԺԴ
Assyrian calendar	6415
Bengali calendar	1072
Berber calendar	2615
English Regnal year	16 Cha. 2 – 17 Cha. 2
Buddhist calendar	2209
Burmese calendar	1027
Byzantine calendar	7173–7174
Chinese calendar	甲辰年 (Wood Dragon) 4361 or 4301     — to — 乙巳年 (Wood Snake) 4362 or 4302
Coptic calendar	1381–1382
Discordian calendar	2831
Ethiopian calendar	1657–1658
Hebrew calendar	5425–5426
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1721–1722
- Shaka Samvat	1587–1588
- Kali Yuga	4766–4767
Holocene calendar	11665
Igbo calendar	665–666
Iranian calendar	1043–1044
Islamic calendar	1075–1076
Japanese calendar	Kanbun 4 (寛文４年)
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3998
Minguo calendar	247 before ROC 民前247年
Thai solar calendar	2207–2208

1665 (MDCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (dominical letter D) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday (dominical letter A) of the Julian calendar, the 1665th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 665th year of the 2nd millennium, the 65th year of the 17th century, and the 6th year of the 1660s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1665 is 10 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.

Events

January–June

• January 5 – The Journal des sçavans begins publication in France, the first scientific journal.
• March 4 – The Second Anglo-Dutch War begins.
• April 10 – The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society begins publication, the first scientific journal in English.
• March 11 – A new legal code is approved for the Dutch and English towns of New York guaranteeing all Protestants the right to continue their religious observances unhindered.
• March 16 – Bucharest allows Jews to settle in the city in exchange for an annual tax of 16 guilders.
• April 12 – Margaret Porteous is the first person recorded to die in the Great Plague of London. This last major outbreak of Bubonic plague in the British Isles has possibly been introduced by Dutch prisoners of war. Two-thirds of Londoners leave the city, but over 68,000 die. Plague spreads to Derby.
• May 19 – Great fire of Newport, Shropshire, England.
• June 12 – England installs a municipal government in New York City (the former Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam).
• June 13 (June 3 O.S.) – Second Anglo-Dutch War: English naval victory at the Battle of Lowestoft under James Stuart, Duke of York.
• June 30 – King Charles II of England issues a second charter for the Province of Carolina, which clarifies and expands the borders of the Lords Proprietors' tracts.

July–December

• July 3 – The first documented case of cyclopia is found in a horse.
• July 7 – King Charles II of England leaves London with his entourage, fleeing the Great Plague. He moves his court to Salisbury, then Exeter.
• August 2 – Second Anglo-Dutch War: Dutch naval victory at the Battle of Vågen.
• August 27 – Ye Bare & Ye Cubbe, the first play in English in the American colonies, is performed in Pungoteague, Virginia.
• September – Robert Hooke's Micrographia published in London, first applying the term 'cell' to plant tissue, which he discovered first in cork, then in living organisms, using a microscope.
• September 17 – Charles II of Spain becomes King while not yet four years old.
• September 22 – Molière's L'Amour médecin is first presented, before Louis XIV of France at the Palace of Versailles with music by Jean-Baptiste Lully.
• October 5 – The University of Kiel is founded.
• October 21 – Louis XIV of France and Jean-Baptiste Colbert founded the Manufacture royale des glaces of Saint Gobain which is the oldest French company of the CAC 40 with 350 years in 2015.
• October 29 – Battle of Mbwila: Portuguese forces defeat and kill King António I of Kongo.
• November 7 – The London Gazette, the oldest surviving journal, is first published as The Oxford Gazette.

Date unknown

• Colonisation of Réunion begins with the French East India Company sending twenty settlers.
• Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga is invested as Duke of Mantua.
• Joan Blaeu completes publication of his Atlas Maior (Theatrum Orbis Terrarum) in Amsterdam.
• John Bunyan publishes The End of the World, The Resurrection of the Dead and Eternal Judgment and The Holy City or the New Jerusalem.
• The English poet John Milton popularizes the Chinese sailing carriage in a famous poem; this peculiar Chinese invention was first written of in the West by Abraham Ortelius in his atlas of 1584.

Births

• February 6 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain (d. 1714)
• February 12 – Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist and physician (d. 1721)
• March 4 – Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, Swedish soldier (d. 1694)
• March 17 – Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre, French harpsichordist and composer (d. 1729)
• April 19 – Jacques Lelong, French bibliographer (d. 1721)
• April 29 – James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, Irish statesman and soldier (d. 1745)
• June 4 – Zacharie Robutel de La Noue, Canadian soldier (d. 1733)
• July 2 – Samuel Penhallow, English-born American colonist and historian (d. 1726)
• August 21 – Giacomo F. Maraldi, French-Italian astronomer (d. 1729)
• August 27 – John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, English politician (d. 1751)
• December 25 – Lady Grizel Baillie, Scottish songwriter (d. 1746)
• December 28 – George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English general (d. 1716)

Deaths

• January 12 – Pierre de Fermat, French mathematician (b. 1601)
• January 31 – Johannes Clauberg, German theologian and philosopher (b. 1622)
• June 13 – Egbert Bartholomeusz Kortenaer, Dutch admiral (b. 1604)
• June 25 – Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria, regent of Tyrol and Further Austria (b. 1630)
• July 11 – Kenelm Digby, English privateer (b. 1603)
• July 18 – Stefan Czarniecki, Polish general (b. 1599)
• August 28 – Elisabetta Sirani, Italian painter (b. 1638)
• September 12 – Jean Bolland, Flemish Jesuit writer (b. 1596)
• September 17 – King Philip IV of Spain (b. 1605)
• September 25 – Maria Anna of Austria, Electress of Bavaria (b. 1610)
• November 17 – John Earle (bishop), English bishop (b. 1601)
• November 19 – Nicolas Poussin, French painter (b. 1594)
• December 2 – Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet, French socialite (b. 1588)
• December 10 – Tarquinio Merula, Italian composer (b. c. 1594)