1819

This article is about the year 1819.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century – 19th century – 20th century
Decades:	1780s  1790s  1800s  – 1810s –  1820s  1830s  1840s
Years:	1816 1817 1818 – 1819 – 1820 1821 1822

1819 in topic:

Humanities

Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music

By country

Australia – Brazil - Canada – Denmark - France – Germany – Mexico – Norway - Philippines - Portugal– Russia - South Africa – Spain - Sweden - United Kingdom – United States

Other topics

Rail Transport – Science – Sports

Lists of leaders

Colonial Governors – State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1819 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1819 MDCCCXIX
Ab urbe condita	2572
Armenian calendar	1268 ԹՎ ՌՄԿԸ
Assyrian calendar	6569
Bengali calendar	1226
Berber calendar	2769
British Regnal year	59 Geo. 3 – 60 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar	2363
Burmese calendar	1181
Byzantine calendar	7327–7328
Chinese calendar	戊寅年 (Earth Tiger) 4515 or 4455     — to — 己卯年 (Earth Rabbit) 4516 or 4456
Coptic calendar	1535–1536
Discordian calendar	2985
Ethiopian calendar	1811–1812
Hebrew calendar	5579–5580
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1875–1876
- Shaka Samvat	1741–1742
- Kali Yuga	4920–4921
Holocene calendar	11819
Igbo calendar	819–820
Iranian calendar	1197–1198
Islamic calendar	1234–1235
Japanese calendar	Bunsei 2 (文政２年)
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4152
Minguo calendar	93 before ROC 民前93年
Thai solar calendar	2361–2362

1819 (MDCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (dominical letter C) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday (dominical letter E) of the Julian calendar, the 1819th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 819th year of the 2nd millennium, the 19th year of the 19th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1810s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1819 is 12 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.

Events

January–March

• January 2 – The Panic of 1819, the first major financial crisis in the United States, begins.
• January 17 – Simón Bolívar proclaims the Republic of Gran Colombia.
• January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia.
• January 29 – Sir Stamford Raffles lands on the island of Singapore.
• February 2 – The Supreme Court of the United States under John Marshall rules in favor of Dartmouth College in the famous Dartmouth College v. Woodward case, allowing Dartmouth to keep its charter and remain a private institution.
• February 6 – A formal treaty between Hussein Shah of Johor and the British Sir Stamford Raffles establishes a trading settlement in Singapore.
• February 15 – The United States House of Representatives agrees to the Tallmadge Amendment barring slaves from the new state of Missouri (the opening vote in a controversy that leads to the Missouri Compromise).
• February 19 – Captain William Smith in British merchant brig Williams sights Williams Point, the northeast extremity of Livingston Island in the South Shetlands, the first land discovered south of latitude 60° S.
• February 22 – Spain cedes Florida to the United States by the Adams–Onís Treaty in exchange for the American renunciation of any claims on Texas that it might have from the Louisiana Purchase and $5 million.
• March 1 – The U.S. naval vessel USS Columbus is launched in Washington, D.C.
• March 6 – McCulloch v. Maryland: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Bank of the United States is constitutional.
• March 20 – Burlington Arcade opens in London.
• March 23 – In Mannheim, Duchy of Baden, German dramatist August von Kotzebue is assassinated by Karl Ludwig Sand.

April–June

• May 22 – The SS Savannah leaves port at Savannah, Georgia on a voyage to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean, although only a fraction of the trip will be made under steam. The ship arrives at Liverpool, England on June 20.

July–September

• August 6 – Norwich University is founded by Captain Alden Partridge in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.
• August 7 – Battle of Boyacá: Simón Bolívar is victorious over the Royalist Army in Colombia. Colombia acquires its definitive independence from Spanish rule.
• August 16 – Peterloo Massacre: The cavalry charges into a crowd of protesters in Manchester, UK, resulting in 15 deaths and over 600 injuries.
• September 20 – The Carlsbad Decrees are issued throughout the German Confederation.

October–December

• October 15 – Desolation Island in the South Shetland Islands of the Antarctic is discovered by Captain William Smith in the Williams.
• December 14 – Alabama is admitted as the 22nd U.S. state.
• December 17 – The Republic of Gran Colombia is formally established with Simón Bolívar as its first president.

Date unknown

• The ʻAi Noa Movement takes power in Hawaii.
• Serfdom is abolished in Livonia.
• The city of Fernandina of Jagua (later Cienfuegos) is founded in Cuba.
• A British Arctic expedition under William Parry comprising HMS Hecla and HMS Griper reaches longitude 112°51' W in the Northwest Passage, the furthest west which will be attained by any single-season voyage for 150 years.
• The African Slave Trade Patrol is founded to stop the slave trade on the coast of West Africa.

Births

January–June

Jacques Offenbach

• January 6 – Baldassare Verazzi, Italian painter (d. 1886)
• February 8 – John Ruskin, English writer, artist, and social critic (d. 1900)
• February 11 – Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American composer (d. 1890)
• February 20 – Alfred Escher, Swiss politician, railroad entrepreneur (d. 1882)
• February 22 – James Russell Lowell, American poet and essayist (d. 1891)
• March 3 – Gustave de Molinari, Belgian economist (d. 1912)
• March 14 – Erik Edlund, Swedish physicist and meteorologist (d. 1888)
• March 31 – Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1901)
• April 4 – Queen Maria II of Portugal (d. 1853)
• April 11 – Charles Hallé, German pianist and conductor (d. 1895)
• April 18 – Franz von Suppé, Austrian composer (d. 1895)
• April 28 – Ezra Abbot, American Biblical scholar (d. 1884)
• May 5 – Stanisław Moniuszko, Polish composer (d. 1872)
• May 24 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (d. 1901)
• May 27 – Julia Ward Howe, American abolitionist and poet (d. 1910)
• May 31 – Walt Whitman, American poet (d. 1892)
• June 5 – John Couch Adams, English astronomer (d. 1892)
• June 10 – Gustave Courbet, French painter (d. 1877)
• June 20 – Jacques Offenbach, German-born composer (d. 1880)
• June 29 – Nicolae Bălcescu, Wallachian revolutionary (d. 1852)

July–December

Clara Schumann

Léon Foucault

Theodor Fontane

• July 9 – Elias Howe, American inventor and sewing machine pioneer (d. 1867)
• July 19 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
• July 26 – Justin Holland, American musician and civil rights activist (d. 1887)
• August 1
  • Richard Dadd, British painter (d. 1886)
  • Herman Melville, American novelist (d. 1891)
• August 13 – Sir George Gabriel Stokes, Irish mathematician and physicist (d. 1903)
• August 25 – Allan Pinkerton, American detective (d. 1884)
• August 26 – Prince Albert, Prince Consort to Queen Victoria (d. 1861)
• September 7 – Thomas Hendricks, Vice President of the United States (d. 1885)
• September 13 – Clara Schumann, German composer and pianist (d. 1896)
• September 18 – Léon Foucault, French physicist (d. 1868)
• September 22 – Wilhelm Wattenbach, German historian (d. 1897)
• September 23 – Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist (d. 1896)
• September 26 – Edward Watkin, English Railway pioneer and politician (d. 1901)
• September 28 – Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol, Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer, inventor of the first combustion engine-driven submarine, which was propelled by an early form of air-independent propulsion (d. 1885).
• October 16 – Austin F. Pike, American politician from New Hampshire (d. 1886)
• October 20 – The Báb, Persian founder of the Bábi Faith (d. 1850)
• November 4 – Christopher Raymond Perry Rodgers, American admiral (d. 1892)
• November 9 – Annibale de Gasparis, Italian astronomer (d. 1892)
• November 22 – George Eliot, British novelist (d. 1880)
• November 24 – John Cummings Howell, United States Navy admiral (d. 1892)
• December 10 – Felice Orsini, Italian revolutionary (d. 1858)
• December 30 – Theodor Fontane, German writer (d. 1898)

Deaths

January–June

• January 9 – Princess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia, Queen of Württemberg (b. 1788)
• February 5 – Nikolai Nikolev, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1758)
• February 17 – Henry Constantine Jennings, British collector and gambler (b. 1731)
• February 25 – Francisco Manoel de Nascimento, poet (b. 1734)
• March – Nonosbawsut, Beothuk leader
• March 10 – Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, German philosopher (b. 1743)
• May 8 – Kamehameha I, King of Hawaii (b. 1738)
• May 22 – Hugh Williamson, American Founding Father (b. 1735)
• June 6 – Johann von Hiller, Austrian general (b. 1754)

July–December

James Watt

• July 1 – Jemima Wilkinson, American preacher (b. 1754)
• August 3 – Simon Knéfacz, Croatian writer (b. 1752)
• August 21 – Haim Farhi, Jewish adviser to Ottoman Empire (assassinated) (b. 1760)
• August 23 – Oliver Hazard Perry, American naval officer (b. 1785)
• August 25 – James Watt, Scottish inventor (b. 1736)
• September 12 – Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Prussian general (b. 1742)
• September 20 – Abbé Faria, hypnotist (b. 1746)
• October 13 – Imperial Concubine Chun of the Jiaqing Emperor of China
• December 5 – Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg, German poet (b. 1750)
• December 19 – Sir Thomas Fremantle, English naval officer and politician (b. 1765)

Date unknown

• Mariano Osorio, Governor of Chile (b. 1777)
• Franciszek Ksawery Branicki, Polish nobleman (b. c. 1730)