2018 Brazilian presidential election

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Brazilian presidential election, 2018
← 2014 7 October 2018 (2018-10-07) (first round)
28 October 2018 (2018-10-28) (second round)		 2022 →
Opinion polls
Turnout 79.67% (first round)[1]
  180x180px 180x180px
Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Fernando Haddad[lower-alpha 1]
Party PSL PT
Alliance Brazil Above Everything, God Above Everyone The People Happy Again
Home state Rio de Janeiro[lower-alpha 2] São Paulo
Running mate Antônio Hamilton Mourão Manuela d'Ávila
300px
Incumbent President

Michel Temer
MDB


The 2018 Brazilian presidential election is being held on October 7 and 28, 2018. As no candidate won as majority in the first round on October 7, a run-off will be held between the top two candidates, Jair Bolsonaro of the PSL and Fernando Haddad of the Workers' Party (PT). The presidential election was held concurrently with legislative elections to elect members of the National Congress.

This is the first presidential election following the impeachment and removal from office of President Dilma Rousseff. For much of the campaign, the leading candidate in first-round polling was former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who was convicted of money laundering and passive corruption in 2017 but actively campaigned from prison. However, on August 31, the Superior Electoral Court denied Lula's candidacy and Haddad, his running mate, became the PT nominee.

Background

The 2014 election saw Workers' Party (PT) candidate Dilma Rousseff reelected as President in the second round with 51.6% of the vote, defeating Aécio Neves of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) who received 48.4% of the vote.[3] Rousseff had first been elected in the 2010 elections, succeeding her political mentor, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who was in office from 2003 until 2011.

However, on 3 December 2015, impeachment proceedings against Rousseff were officially accepted by the Chamber of Deputies.[4] On 12 May 2016, the Federal Senate temporarily suspended Rousseff's powers and duties for up to six months or until the Senate reached a verdict: to remove her from office if found guilty or to acquit her from the crimes charged.[5] Vice President Michel Temer, of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, assumed her powers and duties as Acting President of Brazil during the suspension.[6][7] On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted 61–20 in favor of impeachment, finding Rousseff guilty of breaking budgetary laws and removing her from office.[8][9]

Critics of the impeachment saw it as a legislative coup d'état, since the budgetary adjustments happened in her first term, and not after her re-election. Vice President Temer succeeded Rousseff as the 37th President of Brazil. His government implemented policies that contradicted the platform on which Rousseff's Workers Party had been elected, in one of the most controversial and politically-heated periods of modern Brazilian history.

Electoral system

Citizens over 16 years of age are eligible to vote, and voting is mandatory for those between 18 and 70 years of age. Those who do not vote in an election and do not later present an acceptable justification (such as being away from their voting location at the time) must pay a fine of 3.51 BRL (equivalent to 0.90 USD as of October 2018).[10][11] Brazilian citizens residing abroad only vote for president.

Candidates

Confirmed candidates

# Party/coalition Presidential candidate Political office(s) Vice-Presidential candidate
12
Sovereign Brazil[12]
PDT, AVANTE
100px
 Ciro Gomes (PDT)
(campaign)		 former Governor of Ceará (1991–94) and Federal Deputy for Ceará (2007–11)
100px
 Kátia Abreu[13] (PDT)
13
The People Happy Again
PT,[14] PROS,[15] PCdoB[16]
100px
 Fernando Haddad (PT)
(campaign)		 51st Mayor of São Paulo (2013–17)
100px
 Manuela d'Ávila (PCdoB)
15
This is the Solution
MDB, PHS
100px
 Henrique Meirelles (MDB)
(campaign)		 Minister of the Economy (2016–2018) and former President of the Central Bank of Brazil (2003–11)
Germano Rigotto em janeiro de 2009.jpg
 Germano Rigotto (MDB)
16
United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU)
100px
 Vera Lúcia (PSTU)
(campaign)		 Labor organizer
100px
 Hertz Dias (PSTU)
17
Brazil Above Everything, God Above Everyone
PSL, PRTB
100px
 Jair Bolsonaro (PSL)
(campaign)		 Federal Deputy for Rio de Janeiro (1991–)
100px
 Gen. Hamilton Mourão (PRTB)
18
United to Transform Brazil
REDE, PV
100px
 Marina Silva (REDE)
(campaign)		 Senator for Acre (1995–2011)[17]
100px
 Eduardo Jorge (PV)
19
Real Change
PODE, PSC, PTC, PRP
100px
 Álvaro Dias
(PODE)
(campaign)		 Senator for Paraná (1983–87, 1999–2018)[18][19]
100px
 Paulo Rabello de Castro (PSC)
27
Christian Democracy (DC)
100px
 José Maria Eymael (DC)
(campaign)		 Federal Deputy for São Paulo (1986–95)[20]
100px
 Helvio Costa (DC)
30
New Party (NOVO)
100px
 João Amoêdo (NOVO)
(campaign)		 President of NOVO (2015–17)[21]
100px
 Christian Lohbauer (NOVO)
45
To unite Brazil[22]
PSDB, DEM, PP, PR, PRB, SD, PTB, PSD, PPS
115x156px
 Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB)
(campaign)		 Governor of São Paulo (2001–06, 2011–18)[23]
100px
 Ana Amélia (PP)
50
Let's Go Without Fear of Changing Brazil[24]
PSOL, PCB
100px
 Guilherme Boulos (PSOL)
(campaign)		 Professor at University of São Paulo, coordinator of the Homeless Workers' Movement activist, and writer.
100px
 Sônia Guajajara (PSOL)
51
Patriota (PATRI)
100px
 Cabo Daciolo (PATRI)
(campaign)		 Federal Deputy for Rio de Janeiro (2015–)[25]
100px
 Suelene Balduino Nascimento (PATRI)
54
Free Homeland Party (PPL)
100px
 João Vicente Goulart (PPL)
(campaign)		 State Deputy of Rio Grande do Sul (1982–86)
100px
 Léo Alves (PPL)

Lost in primaries or conventions

Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)

Democrats (DEM)

Party of National Mobilization (PMN)

Social Democratic Party (PSD)

Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)


First round

Campaign

Rejection of Lula's candidacy

On September 1, the Superior Electoral Court voted 6–1 to reject Lula's candidacy, but approved the PT-PCdoB-PROS coalition "The People Happy Again" and the vice-presidential candidacy of Fernando Haddad.[81] The Workers' Party replaced Lula with Haddad and announced the former presidential candidate Manuela D'Ávila as his running mate.[82]

Stabbing of Jair Bolsonaro

File:Bolsonaro é esfaqueado (2).jpg
Bolsonaro being stabbed at a Juiz de Fora rally

Jair Bolsonaro was stabbed on 6 September 2018 while campaigning in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais and interacting with supporters.[83] Bolsonaro's son, Flávio, has stated that his father's wounds were only superficial and he was recovering in hospital.[84] Police arrested and identified the attacker as Adelio Bispo de Oliveira, who claimed that he was "ordered by God to carry out the attack".[85] Flávio Bolsonaro later stated that the wounds inflicted seem worse than initially thought. He tweeted about his father's condition, explaining that the perforation reached part of the liver, the lung and part of the intestine. He also stated that Bolsonaro had lost a large amount of blood, arriving at the hospital with a pressure of 10/3, but had since stabilized.[86][87][83] Most of the other candidates in the presidential race (from both sides of the political spectrum), and the current Brazilian president, Michel Temer, condemned the attack.[88]

Debates

Date Host Moderator Lula (PT) Bolsonaro (PSL) Alckmin (PSDB) Silva (REDE) Gomes (PDT) Dias (PODE) Meirelles (MDB) Boulos (PSOL) Daciolo (PATRI) Goulart (PPL) Amoêdo (NOVO) Eymael (DC) Lúcia (PSTU)
August 9[89] Rede Bandeirantes Ricardo Boechat Absent[lower-alpha 3] Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
August 17[90] RedeTV!, Istoé Amanda Klein, Boris Casoy and Mariana Godoy Absent[lower-alpha 4] Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
August 27[92] Jovem Pan N/A Cancelled[lower-alpha 5]
Haddad (PT) September 1 – Lula's candidacy is prohibited by the Superior Electoral Court
September 9[94] TV Gazeta, O Estado de S. Paulo Maria Lydia Flândoli Absent[lower-alpha 6] Absent[lower-alpha 7] Present Present Present Present Present Present Absent[lower-alpha 8] Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
September 18[96] Piauí, Poder360 N/A Cancelled[lower-alpha 9]
September 20[98] Rede Aparecida Joyce Ribeiro Present Absent Present Present Present Present Present Present Absent Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
September 26[99] SBT, Folha, UOL Carlos Nascimento Present Absent Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
September 30[100] RecordTV, R7 Adriana Araújo, Celso Freitas Present Absent Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited
October 4[101] Globo, G1 William Bonner Present Absent Present Present Present Present Present Present Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited

Vice presidential debates

Date Host Moderator Fernando Haddad (PT) Hamilton Mourão (PSL) Ana Amélia (PSDB) Eduardo Jorge (REDE) Kátia Abreu (PDT) Paulo Rabello (PODE) Germano Rigotto (MDB) Sônia Guajajara (PSOL) Suelene Balduino (PATRI) Léo Alves (PPL) Christian Lohbauer (NOVO) Helvio Costa (DC) Hertz Dias (PSTU)
September 5[102] Veja Lillian Witte Absent Present Present Present Absent Present Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited Not invited

Second round

Debates

Date Host Moderator Fernando Haddad (PT) Jair Bolsonaro (PSL)
11 October 2018 Rede Bandeirantes Ricardo Boechat Cancelled[lower-alpha 10]
14 October 2018 TV Gazeta, O Estado de S. Paulo Maria Lydia Flândoli Cancelled[lower-alpha 11]
15 October 2018 RedeTV!, Istoé Amanda Klein, Boris Casoy and Mariana Godoy Cancelled[lower-alpha 12]
17 October 2018 SBT, Folha Carlos Nascimento Cancelled
21 October 2018 RecordTV, R7 Adriana Araújo, Celso Freitas Cancelled[lower-alpha 13]
26 October 2018 Globo, G1 William Bonner Cancelled

Polling

File:BolsoHaddad 2018.png
Head-to-head polling fr

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Main article: Opinion polling for the Brazilian general election, 2018
Polling firm/link Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Haddad Bolsonaro Abst.
Undec.
CNT/MDA 26–27 October 2018 2,002 37% 49% 14%
Datafolha 24–25 October 2018 9,173 38% 48% 14%
Paraná Pesquisas 23–25 October 2018 2,120 35% 53% 12%
RealTime Big Data 24 October 2018 5,000 38% 49% 13%
Ipespe 23–24 October 2018 2,000 37% 51% 12%
Ibope 21–23 October 2018 3,010 37% 50% 13%
FSB Pesquisa 20–21 October 2018 2,000 35% 52% 13%
CNT/MDA 20–21 October 2018 2,002 37% 49% 14%
RealTime Big Data 19–20 October 2018 5,000 37% 52% 11%
DataPoder360 17–18 October 2018 4,000 31% 57% 12%
Datafolha 17–18 October 2018 9,137 35% 50% 15%
RealTime Big Data 16–17 October 2018 5,000 35% 52% 13%
Ipespe 15–17 October 2018 2,000 37% 51% 13%
Paraná Pesquisas 14–17 October 2018 2,080 34% 53% 13%
Ibope 13–14 October 2018 2,506 37% 52% 12%
FSB Pesquisa 13–14 October 2018 2,000 35% 51% 14%
RealTime Big Data 12–13 October 2018 5,000 33% 48% 19%
Datafolha 10 October 2018 3,235 36% 49% 15%
Idea Big Data 8–10 October 2018 2,036 41% 48% 11%
Ipespe 8–9 October 2018 2,000 36% 51% 13%

Results

File:Candidats premier tour 2018 bresil.png
First place candidate on first round per state
Candidate Party Running mate Party First round Second round
Votes % Votes %
Jair Bolsonaro PSL Antônio Hamilton Mourão PRTB 49,276,990 46.03
Fernando Haddad PT Manuela d'Ávila PCdoB 31,342,005 29.28
Ciro Gomes PDT Kátia Abreu PDT 13,344,366 12.47
Geraldo Alckmin PSDB Ana Amélia PP 5,096,349 4.76
João Amoêdo NOVO Christian Lohbauer NOVO 2,679,744 2.50
Cabo Daciolo PEN Suelene Balduino PEN 1,348,323 1.26
Henrique Meirelles MBD Germano Rigotto MBD 1,288,948 1.20
Marina Silva REDE Eduardo Jorge PV 1,069,577 1.00
Álvaro Dias PODE Paulo Rabello de Castro PSC 859,601 0.80
Guilherme Boulos PSOL Sônia Guajajara PSOL 617,122 0.58
Vera Lúcia PSTU Hertz Dias PSTU 55,762 0.05
José Maria Eymael DC Hélvio Costa DC 41,710 0.04
João Vicente Goulart PPL Léo Dias PPL 30,176 0.03
Invalid/blank votes 10,313,141 – –
Total 117,364,560 100
Registered voters/turnout 147,305,825 79.67
Source: Globo
Popular vote (first round)
Bolsonaro
  
 46.03%
Haddad
  
 29.28%
Ciro
  
 12.47%
Alckmin
  
 4.76%
Amoêdo
  
 2.5%
Daciolo
  
 1.26%
Meirelles
  
 1.2%
Silva
  
 1.0%
Others
  
 1.5%

Notes

  1. ↑ The original candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was barred from running by the Superior Electoral Court on 31 August 2018, in accordance with the Clean Slate law.[2]
  2. ↑ Born in São Paulo, electoral based in Rio de Janeiro
  3. ↑ The Regional Federal Court for the 4th Region rejected Bandeirantes' request to invite Lula to the debate, who is arrested in the Federal Police headquarters in Curitiba since 7 April 2018.[89]
  4. ↑ Superior Electoral Court minister Sérgio Banhos rejected Lula's request to take part in RedeTV!'s debate.[91]
  5. ↑ Jovem Pan cancelled the debate after Jair Bolsonaro expressed his uncertainty about participating the debates and Workers' Party insisting in the participation of Lula, prohibited by the Electoral Justice.[93]
  6. ↑ Although Lula's candidacy was denied by the Superior Electoral Court, Haddad is still a vice-presidential candidate and not confirmed officially by the party as presidential candidate.
  7. ↑ After suffering a stabbing on 6 September, Bolsonaro is admitted in Albert Einstein Hospital in São Paulo.[95]
  8. ↑ Daciolo cancelled his presence in the debate.[95]
  9. ↑ The debate was cancelled due to the attack against Bolsonaro.[97]
  10. ↑ The debate was cancelled due to Bolsonaro not being able to attend the event.[103]
  11. ↑ The debate was cancelled due to Bolsonaro not being able to attend the event.[104]
  12. ↑ The debate was cancelled due to Bolsonaro not being able to attend the event.[105]
  13. ↑ The debate was cancelled because Bolsonaro refused to attend the debate.[106]

References

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  3. ↑ Brazil keen to open trade talks with UK Financial Times, 22 July 2016
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  10. ↑ Voting justification, Superior Electoral Court. (Portuguese)
  11. ↑ Answers to doubts from voters, Regional Electoral Court of São Paulo. (Portuguese)
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