Christchurch mosque shootings

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Christchurch mosque shootings
Canterbury Mosque 12 June 2006.jpg
Al Noor Mosque, June 2006
Location Christchurch, Canterbury Region, New Zealand
Date 15 March 2019
13:40 to 13:55 (NZDT (UTC+13:00))
Target Muslim worshipers at mosques
Attack type
 Mass shooting, terrorist attack, attempted bombing
Weapons two semiautomatic weapons, two shotguns, one bolt action rifle
Deaths 51
Injured 50+
Motive opposition to Islam, immigration, multiculturalism
Accused Brenton Tarrant
Charges Murder

The Christchurch mosque shootings were two coordinated terrorist attacks at Al Noor Mosque and the Linwood Islamic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand, during Friday prayer on 15 March 2019. At least 51 people were killed in the shootings and at least 50 others were injured. Three persons were arrested, with one charged. The shootings were described as terrorist attacks by the country's far-left Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and various governments internationally. The gunman (and only suspect) was reported to be Brenton Harrison Tarrant, a 28-year-old Australian man. The shooter left a manifesto detailing his grievances, which included mass immigration from the Third World into Western nations.[1][2][3][4][5]

The shootings were the deadliest attack in New Zealand since the 1943 Featherston prisoner of war camp riot where 49 people were killed.[6] It is the first mass shooting in New Zealand since the 1997 Raurimu massacre as well as the deadliest criminal act in New Zealand history, surpassing the 1990 Aramoana massacre.[7][8][9]

In response, the government of New Zealand and other states conducted a campaign to censor Tarrant's video of the attack and his manifesto. Prime minister Jacinda Ardern and other New Zealand women wore Islamic headscarves in solidarity with Muslims.[10][11] New gun control measures were rapidly put into place, thus leaving the people of New Zealand unable to protect themselves under the communist dictatorship Ardern has established after the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020. They also promised to work to ease Islamic immigration,[12][13] including expedited legalization for migrants directly and indirectly affected by the shootings.[14]

Attacks

The attacks began at the Al Noor Mosque, Riccarton and the Linwood Islamic Centre, at 13:40 on 15 March 2019 NZDT (00:40 UTC).[15][16][17]

Police found two car bombs in a vehicle.[18] The New Zealand Defence Force defused them without incident.[18][19][18]

Forty-one people were killed at or near Al Noor. Seven others died at Linwood. An additional victim died in hospital.[20]

At least one news report suggests a link with the events in Kosovo of 1999 and links to Balkan nationalists such as Radovan Karadzic[21]:

The guns Tarrant promised to use were covered in white writing that named historical events, people, and motifs related to conflicts between Muslims and non-Muslims.[22][lower-alpha 1]

Al Noor Mosque, Riccarton

A heavily armed gunman attacked the Al Noor Mosque in Deans Avenue, Riccarton at around 13:40.[25] The Al Noor gunman livestreamed 16 minutes of his activities on Facebook Live, including the attack. He identified himself as a 28-year-old Australian.[22] Moments before the shooting the perpetrator in his car played "Serbia Strong", a nationalist Serbian song from the Yugoslav Wars (1990s) celebrating Radovan Karadžić, who was found guilty of genocide against Bosnian Muslims.[26][27][24] Among making many other Internet culture and meme references, he also said "subscribe to PewDiePie" during his live-stream before carrying out the attack, a reference to the current PewDiePie vs T-Series subscriber battle.[28] Just before the shooting, the gunman appeared to be greeted by one of the worshippers who said "hello, brother", and who was amongst the first people to be killed.[29][30]

The gunman spent several minutes inside the mosque killing the attendees. He killed three people near the entrance, and multiple others inside a larger room. The gunman shot at the victims multiple times while they were already gunned down. He then left the mosque and shot people outside. He went on to retrieve another weapon from his vehicle before returning to the mosque to murder more victims, many of whom were already wounded and unable to escape. The gunman then exited the mosque for a second time and killed a woman near the footpath. He fled the scene shortly thereafter.[31] The video showed that the gunman shot other civilians near the area and drove away at a high speed.[20]

Three hundred to five hundred people may have been inside the mosque, attending Friday Prayer, at the time of the shooting.[32] A neighbour of the mosque told reporters that he witnessed the shooter flee the mosque and drop what appeared to be a firearm in the driveway while he fled.[33] The neighbour said that the shooter appeared to be wearing military-style clothes. After the shooting ended, the neighbour went inside to help the victims.[31]

Linwood Islamic Centre

A second shooting occurred at the Linwood Islamic Centre.[34][35] This mosque is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away from Al Noor.[31] Early reports spoke of "a multiple, simultaneous attack",[36] although later on one suspect was charged for the "planned" murder at both sites.[37] Seven people were killed inside the mosque and three outside.[38] The shooting was interrupted when a Muslim worshipper wrestled a firearm away from an attacker and tried to use it in self-defence.[39][40]

Suspects

Brenton Harrison Tarrant
Born 1990/1991 (age 33–34)[41][42]
Australia
Citizenship Australian

Police Commissioner Mike Bush initially said that three men and one woman had been arrested in connection with the attacks at the two mosques.[18][43] One of the suspects was earlier reported as having been wearing explosives. However, Bush rejected this. He also denied initial reports of a shooting at the Christchurch Hospital.[44][45] Officials believed no other suspects to be involved.[38] The police later said one of the reported suspects had no relation to the attacks and was revealed to be a member of the public with a firearm who was trying to help police.[46] Only one suspect was charged with murder, while the roles of two armed suspects were determined. The police did not state whether the same suspect was responsible for both shootings.[47]

Tarrant is alleged to have acquired a New Zealand category A gun license in November 2017 and started purchasing weapons in December 2017. It is not possible to purchase the same types of weapons in Australia.

Manifesto

Before the shooting, Tarrant posted a 74-page manifesto titled "The Great Replacement" on the image board 8chan, outlining his attack.[48] The title refers to the gradual replacement of white populations by foreign populations through mass immigration and greater fertility. The manifesto says he chose New Zealand as the target two years earlier and had been planning the attack for three months.

In the manifesto, he described himself as an "ethno-nationalist eco-fascist" concerned with environmental degradation. He expressed admiration for British Union of Fascists leader Sir Oswald Mosley, but also claimed that the nation which most reflects his values was the communist People's Republic of China. The document criticized mass immigration, characterizing it as an invasion and arguing that immigrants were unlikely to be assimilated to Western culture, but would instead overwhelm it. The author argued that diversity is not a strength, but a weakness, leading inevitably to ethnic or racial conflict.

Numerous motives were given for the attack, including a desire to halt further immigration as well as revenge for the deaths of Europeans at the hands of Islamists in war and terrorist attacks. Tarrant mentions the killing of Ebba Åkerlund in the 2017 Stockholm truck attack as a catalyst for his conviction that violence is necessary. The author of the manifesto labels himself a "kebab removalist", in reference to a meme regarding the genocide by the Bosnian Serb army against Bosnian Muslims. The gunman stated that he was inspired by the 2011 Norway attacks carried out by Anders Behring Breivik.

The manifesto included references to several internet memes and jokingly claimed to have been inspired by sources such as the video games "Spyro the Dragon 3" and Fortnite, as well as African American conservative commentator Candace Owens. This and other elements of the manifesto suggested trolling; the shooter stated that he hoped to "agitate the political enemies of my people into action, to cause them to overextend their own hand and experience the eventual and inevitable backlash as a result." This includes accelerating conflict between the left and the right in the United States over issues such as gun control. He hoped this would cause the United States to break up along "political, cultural and, most importantly, racial lines," and that such a balkanized US would be unable to project power internationally to defend Muslims, as they did during their involvement in the Kosovo conflict.

The manifesto's author further hoped to contribute to ending "the current nihilistic, hedonistic, individualistic insanity that has taken control of Western thought." He criticized the loss of purpose following the decline of traditional religion and rise of secularism, as well as the loss of values beyond the basic values necessary to sustain corporate profits. He denounced various manifestations of a loss of spirit among Western people, including drug abuse, broken families, modern architecture, low birth rates, and suicide.

The manifesto ultimately blamed "ourselves, [E]uropean men," for being weak enough to permit the current situation. "Strong men do not get ethnically replaced, strong men do not allow their culture to degrade, strong men do not allow their people to die."

Some of the trolling statements in the manifesto were taken seriously by some mainstream media sources, who attacked Candace Owens as a possible inspiration for the attack,[49][50] although others recognized at least some of the irony.[51][52] Owens rejected any link between the attacks and herself, Chelsea Clinton, or Spyro the Dragon.[53]

Victims

Several diplomatic offices and foreign ministries released statements concerning the number of victims from their nations. The honorary consul of Bangladesh and Jordan's Foreign Affairs Ministry confirmed, respectively, that three Bangladeshis and two Jordanians were among the dead.[54] According to Asaduddin Owaisi, a Muslim parliamentarian from Hyderabad, two Indians were also killed.[55] According to the Pakistan Foreign Ministry spokesperson, four Pakistanis were injured and five were missing.[56]

According to journalist Tom Warren, one of the victims was 33-year-old Atta Elayyan, CEO and co-founder of mobile app developer LWA Solutions.[57]

Aftermath

Survivors of the incidents were transported to nearby hospitals. Forty-eight people, including young children, with gunshot wounds were treated at Christchurch Hospital,[58][59] with more being transported to other hospitals within Christchurch and nationally.[60] Christchurch mayor Lianne Dalziel never thought something like this could happen in New Zealand, saying "everyone is shocked".[60] Canterbury District Health Board (CDHB) activated its mass casualty plan.[58] A spokesperson said that they had found two improvised explosive devices in a single car and had disarmed one.[61]

A number of schools near to the incidents were locked down in the wake of the event.[43] School strikers at the Global School Strike rally in Cathedral Square, near the two attacks, were advised to either seek refuge in public buildings or go home by police.[62][63] Authorities advised all mosques in the country to close until further notice and have sent police to secure all locations.[64] All Air New Zealand Link flights departing Christchurch Airport were cancelled as a precaution due to the absence of security screening.[65]

The Officials Committee for Domestic and External Security Co-ordination (ODESC) was convened to coordinate the government response. Socialist prime minister Jacinda Ardern, who was on public engagements in New Plymouth, returned to Wellington by air to receive official advice.[66]

The third Test cricket match between New Zealand and Bangladesh, scheduled to be played at the Hagley Oval in Christchurch from 16 March, was cancelled because of security concerns.[67] The Bangladeshi team were about to attend the Al Noor Mosque and were moments from entering the building when the incident began.[68][69] The players then fled on foot to Hagley Oval.[70]

In Dunedin, the New Zealand Police's Armed Offenders Squad searched a house in Andersons Bay after the Christchurch mosque shooter indicated on social media that he had originally planned to target the city's Al Huda Mosque. Police cordoned off part of the surrounding street and evacuated nearby residents. The University of Otago also postponed its 150th anniversary street parade which was scheduled for 16 March in response to security concerns.[71][72]

A Givealittle online fundraiser to support victims and their families raised over $400,000.[73]

Prime minister Jacinda Ardern and other New Zealand women including a police officer were seen wearing Islamic headscarves in solidarity with Muslims.[10][11] Applications for immigration from Muslim countries were more numerous after the attack than in the 10 days before the incident,[12] and immigration authorities announced a special permanent resident visa for anyone present at the mosques during the attacks and their immediate families.[14] In response to criticism from the charity World Vision, which called for dropping restrictions on refugee arrivals from the Middle East and Africa, Minister of Immigration Iain Lees-Galloway said that these restrictions were "being reviewed" and a decision would be made shortly.[13]

Allegedly in retaliation, a Muslim man shot three people on a tram in Utrecht, Netherlands, on March 18.

Gun laws

In accordance with the shooter's stated desires for American politics, gun laws in New Zealand came under scrutiny in the aftermath, specifically the legality of military-style semi-automatic weapons.[74] As gun policy specialist Philip Alpers noted, "New Zealand is almost alone with the United States in not registering 96 percent of its firearms — and those are its most common firearms, the ones most used in crimes..."[75][76]

The government of New Zealand banned all military-style semi-automatic rifles, and vowed further changes in the following week including laws regarding licensing, registration and storage. Prime Minister Ardern announced that this ban "will also ban all assault rifles. We will ban all high capacity magazines. We will ban all parts with the ability to convert semi-automatic or any other type of firearm into a military-style semi-automatic weapon. We will ban parts that cause a firearm to generate semi-automatic, automatic or close to automatic gunfire." She also instituted a program of mandatory buyback of such weapons which were already in circulation, promising amnesty to those who turned in their now-illegal weapons.[77]

Censorship

The live stream was re-posted on many video streaming services including LiveLeak and YouTube.[78] Police, Muslim advocacy groups and government agencies urged anyone who found the footage to take it down or report it.[79] Some media organisations in Australia and the United Kingdom broadcast parts of the live stream, up to the point the gunman entered the building.[80][81]

Social media sites including Facebook, YouTube, Reddit and Twitter, among others, stated they were working diligently to remove the video of the attack from their platforms, and stated that they would also remove anything supporting the attacks;[82][83] for example, Reddit banned a subforum named "watchpeopledie", which they claimed had glorified the attacks.[84] Twitter also forced journalist Nick Monroe to delete links to not only footage of the attack but footage of the attacker which did not include violence.[85][86] Still, copies of the video were continually being uploaded on YouTube and Twitter.[87]

New Zealand broadband internet service providers, including Spark, blocked access to several websites which were hosting the video, including Liveleak. A Spark spokeswoman promised to reinstate access to these sites if they take down the offending footage. [88] Liveleak then went along with the censorship campaigns, blocking the video and condemning its anti-immigration sentiments.[89]

New Zealand ISPs also blocked access to Dissenter, a service which provides a comment section for any website outside of the influence of the website's owners, and Vodafone, in particular, blocked access to financial blog Zerohedge.[90]

The free-speech video sharing platform BitChute reported that they complied with orders from New Zealand law enforcement, Europol, and the UK's Counter Terrorism Internet Referral Unit to take down video of the attack, with the authorities considering it "material that encourages, promotes or glorifies terrorist acts."[91] However, in 2019, BitChute was blocked in New Zealand.[92]

Australian ISP Telstra blocked access to 4chan, 8chan, and Voat.[93][94]

There were also efforts to censor the shooter's manifesto. New Zealand's Chief Censor David Shanks banned possession of the manifesto.[95][96] Mainstream media editorials similarly urged their readers to avoid the manifesto.

All four of the websites Tarrant originally posted the document to had removed it by 16 March.[48] Journalist Nick Monroe noted on 15 March that the copy of the manifesto he had uploaded to Scribd had been removed,[97] while the document had also been removed from DocumentCloud.[98] Twitter forced Monroe to delete tweets including links to the shooter's social media and manifesto.[99]

New Zealand police also contacted Kiwi Farms, which maintained links to relevant information including both the video and the shooter's manifesto, asking for personally identifying information on those who had made posts "relating to the shooting." The administrator rejected the request in a response, denouncing attempts to censor the video as an overreach of their authority which would "make the entire country and its government look like clowns." No formal legal request has yet been made.[100][101]

New Zealand Privacy Commissioner John Edwards called for Facebook to hand over the names of anyone who shared the video on their platform to the New Zealand police. Facebook initially did not comment on the request.[102] Facebook then increased its monitoring of right-wing (and some other "extremist") users in order to be able to deplatform and sometimes prosecute them for unacceptable political speech considered "extremist", which may include opposition to Third World immigration.[103][104] This caused widespread condemnation in right-wing circles,[105] but to no effect.

At least one employee in New Zealand was fired for watching the video in the presence of co-workers, while several others had been fired for sharing it with co-workers.[102]

The Twitter account @sofian259 posted the words "revenge is coming" to the New Zealand Prime Minister following the attack, along with a photo of a rifle and an ISIS flag.[106] Journalist Nick Monroe was forced to delete his tweet about this.[107]

YouTube temporarily disabled some of the functionality of its own website to stop users from viewing the video, including "temporarily disabling several search functions and cutting off human review features to speed the removal of videos flagged by automated systems."[108][109]

Comments on news stories about the shootings in the online version of the Daily Mail were censored to mostly or only allow pro-migrant views. However, a massive number of downvotes in the form of "red arrows" remained visible, implying that almost half the readers disagreed with the articles' progressive tenor. Comment sections were then entirely removed from many Daily Mail articles.[110]

Whitcoulls, a bookseller in New Zealand, stopped selling Canadian psychology professor Jordan Peterson's book 12 Rules for Life, defending the decision by making reference to "some extremely disturbing material being circulated prior, during and after the Christchurch attacks." The connection is unclear; Peterson has never endorsed terrorism or eco-fascism, and has previously condemned ethnonationalism as a form of identity politics.[111][112]

Free-speech video-sharing platform Brighteon reported that they were being pressured to remove videos of the shooting. They complied so as to avoid the entire website being shut down through deplatforming by infrastructure providers, as well as legal action which was threatened by Australia's Office of the eSafety Commissioner.[113]

As of June 2019, the shooting video remained extremely hard to find through Google, which had initiated a massive and highly sophisticated online screening and cross-media censorship campaign.[114] However, this was speculated to trigger increased interest in the video, in an alleged example of the Streisand Effect.[115] Even discussions about the video were indirectly censored by being removed from search results.

Arrests

New Zealand police have threatened up to 10 years in prison for anyone "knowingly" possessing "objectionable material," including the video of the shooting, and up to 14 years for knowingly producing, distributing or displaying such material.[116][90] An 18-year-old man has already been arrested on charges of distributing the video and posting messages which allegedly incited violence, and is being held without bail.[117][118][119][120]

Several other people were arrested in separate incidents of "inciting fear and violence," including a 25-year-old Auckland man who allegedly stated "I'm going to kill someone ... F*ck New Zealand."[121]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The markings on the gun included references to the 2018 Global Compact for Migration, the 1189–1191 Siege of Acre, the 1683 Battle of Vienna, the 732 Battle of Tours, the 1571 Battle of Lepanto, the 1805 Battle of Ivankovac, the 1877–1878 Battle of Shipka Pass, Charles Martel, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Hetman Feliks Kazimierz Potocki, Marcantonio Colonna, Sebastiano Venier, Luca Traini, Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal, Alexandre Bissonnette, Lazar Hrebeljanović, Dmitry Senyavin, Miloš Obilić, John Hunyadi, Șerban Cantacuzino, Marco Antonio Bragadin, Ștefan cel Mare, Skanderbeg, Bajo Pivljanin, Novak Vujošević, Edward Codrington, Marko Miljanov Popović, Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, the Fourteen Words and "Turkofagos" (Turk eater), a term used by Greeks during the Greek War of Independence.[23][24] The anti-Muslim phrase "Remove Kebab", a slogan originating in Internet communities, was shown on one of Tarrant's weapons.[24]

References

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  95. ↑ He stated that “It promotes, encourages and justifies acts of murder and terrorist violence against identified groups of people. It identifies specific places for potential attack in New Zealand, and refers to the means by which other types of attack may be carried out. It contains justifications for acts of tremendous cruelty, such as the deliberate killing of children.”
  96. ↑ name="NZ_chief_censor" cite web|title=New Zealand Bans the Christchurch Suspect’s Manifesto |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/world/asia/new-zealand-christchurch-shooter-manifesto.html?partner=rss&emc=rss%7Cpublisher=New York Times|last=Cave|first=Damien|date=22 March 2019|accessdate=24 March 2019}}
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  104. ↑ Vox.com | Response quote from banned immigration opponent: | https://www.vox.com/technology/2019/5/6/18528250/facebook-speech-conservatives-trump-platform-publisher
  105. ↑ Representative right-wing reaction: https://www.theburningplatform.com/2019/05/06/facebook-censorship/
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  111. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  112. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  113. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  114. ↑ Source: InfoGalactic editor extended online search effort in late May, 2019
  115. ↑ "Christchurch shooting - thoughts, raw video and manifesto ..." | https://unbearables.site/topic/239/christchurch-shooting-thoughts-raw-video-and-manifesto-links
  116. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  117. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  118. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  119. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  120. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  121. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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