2020 coronavirus pandemic in Canada

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2020 coronavirus pandemic in Canada
Disease COVID-19
First case Sunnybrook Hospital
Toronto, Ontario
Arrival date January 25, 2020
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Origin Wuhan, Hubei, China
Deaths 1,195[1]
Confirmed cases 30,095[1]
Official website
canada.ca/coronavirus

The 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Canada is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease first arrived in Canada on January 25, 2020, after a man returned to Toronto from travel in China, including Wuhan; the case was confirmed on January 27. As of April 16, 2020, there have been 30,095 confirmed cases in Canada, 9,729 recoveries, 1,195 deaths, and over 480,000 tests performed.[1] The Government of Canada has released modelling anticipating 11,000–22,000 deaths over the course of the pandemic, assuming "stronger epidemic control".[2]

Most of those cases are in Canada's most populous provinces, Ontario (8,961 cases, 423 deaths)[3] and Quebec (15,857 cases, 630 deaths).[4] Confirmed cases have been reported in all of Canada's provinces and territories except Nunavut. An additional 13 cases involve repatriated citizens from the Grand Princess cruise ship.[5][6][7][8] Until March, all cases were linked to recent travel to a country with a substantial number of cases. The first case of community transmission in Canada was confirmed in British Columbia on March 5,[9] and Toronto's chief health officer announced on March 16 that there is "some evidence of community transmission".[10]

In mid March, as cases of community transmission were confirmed, all of Canada's provinces and territories declared states of emergency. Provinces and territories have, to varying degrees, implemented school and daycare closures, prohibitions on gatherings, closures of non-essential businesses, restrictions on entry, and mandatory self-isolation for travellers.[11] Canada severely restricted its border access, barring travellers from all countries with some exceptions. The Minister of Health invoked the Quarantine Act, legally requiring all travellers (excluding essential workers) returning to the country to self-isolate for 14 days.

Among the Canadians who contracted the virus was Sophie Grégoire Trudeau, wife of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, who tested positive for the virus on March 12 after which the family went into self-isolation.[12][13] By March 28, she had recovered.[14][15] Various other politicians have gone into self-isolation due to travel or experiencing symptoms.[16]

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Background

On January 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on December 31, 2019.[17][18]

The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003,[19][20] but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.[21][19]

Timeline

Template:2019–20 coronavirus pandemic data/Canada medical cases chart

January 2020

On January 15, the federal government activated its Emergency Operations Centre.[22]

On January 17, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) implemented signage in the Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver airports to raise awareness of the virus, and had added a health screening question to the electronic kiosks for passengers arriving from central China. There are no direct flights from Wuhan to Canada.[23][24]

On January 23, the federal Minister of Health, Patty Hajdu, said that five or six people were being monitored for signs of the virus.[25][26]

On January 25, the first identified presumptive case in Canada was a male in his 50s who travelled between Wuhan and Guangzhou before returning to Toronto on January 22.[27] Canada issued a travel advisory against non-essential travel to China due to the outbreak, including a regional travel advisory to avoid all travel to the province of Hubei.[28] Federal health officials stated that the risk in Canada was low.[29] Final testing conducted at the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, Manitoba confirmed the presumptive case on January 27.[30]

On January 29, Minister of Foreign Affairs François-Philippe Champagne announced that an aircraft would be sent to repatriate Canadians from the areas affected by the virus in China.[31]

February 2020

On February 2, the Canadian Armed Forces announced that it planned to charter a plane to assist in the evacuation of Canadian nationals still in Wuhan once given authorization by China, intending to fly them to CFB Trenton for repatriation and medical screenings. Only those that had entered the country with a Canadian passport would be allowed to take this flight.[32] The first plane landed at CFB Trenton on February 7.[33] On February 21, a chartered flight of 131 Canadians who were quarantined aboard Diamond Princess after an outbreak on the cruise ship in Japan, and who all tested negative for the virus, were brought to CFB Trenton for additional screening before being transported by bus to the NAV Centre in Cornwall, Ontario to be quarantined.[34]

On February 26, Hajdu recommended that citizens stockpile food and medication, noting that it was "good to be prepared because things can change quickly [in any emergency]."[35] The recommendation faced criticism from politicians: Manitoba health minister Cameron Friesen and Ontario health minister Christine Elliott both felt that there was no need for such aggressive stockpiling, while Friesen also felt that there needed to be more coordination between the federal and provincial levels in terms of information regarding the outbreak.[36][37] Conservative Party shadow minister Matt Jeneroux opined that the suggestion incited concern and was lacking in transparency. Health Canada's website recommended against such bulk purchases (as to not strain supply chains), and explained that having supplies on hand was to "ensure you do not need to leave your home at the peak of the outbreak or if you become ill."[37][38]

March 2020

File:COVID-19 highway sign in Toronto, March 2020.jpg
A highway sign on the Gardiner Expressway in Toronto discouraging non-essential travel.

Hajdu announced on March 6 that the federal government would offer $27 million in funding to 47 research groups at 19 universities to develop means of managing the outbreak. Minister of Finance Bill Morneau stated that the next federal budget would include measures in response to the outbreak, including an increase to the risk adjustment provision.[39][40][41]

On March 8, Champagne stated that at the request of the U.S. government, Canada had chartered a EuroAtlantic passenger airplane to evacuate the 237 citizens that were still aboard the cruise ship Grand Princess. They were quarantined at CFB Trenton for two weeks when the plane landed on March 10.[42][43]

Member of Parliament Anthony Housefather announced on March 9 that he was undergoing self-isolation as a precautionary measure due to possible contact with a person at an American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) conference in Washington.[44] The next day, Minister of Natural Resources Seamus O'Regan stated that he was also in self-isolation while awaiting the results of a coronavirus test. He had seen a doctor regarding a "persistent" head cold, who recommended testing, but was "not aware of contacting anyone infected".[45] The test came back negative.[46]

On March 11, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced a $1 billion response fund, including $500 million to go to provinces and territories, a $50 million contribution to the World Health Organization and an additional $275 million to fund COVID-19 research in Canada.[47] Minister of Economic Development and Official Languages Mélanie Joly stated that she had been discussing means of mitigating the outbreak's impact on the air travel industry.[48]

On March 12, after returning from a speaking engagement in London, England, Trudeau's wife Sophie Grégoire Trudeau tested positive for COVID-19. She and the Prime Minister went into self-isolation.[12][49]

On March 13, Trudeau announced that the federal government was preparing a stimulus package to address those affected by the pandemic.[50]

On March 16, Trudeau announced that new entry restrictions would be implemented shortly after midnight ET on March 18, primarily restricting entry into the country to Canadian citizens and their immediate families, and permanent residents, with the exception of the United States. On March 18, travellers from the United States were also banned in a mutual agreement with the US government (with exceptions in place for family members, essential employees who commute across the border and to ensure continued exchange of goods). Most international flights are being routed to Canada's major airports in order to enhance screening measures. Minister of Foreign Affairs François-Philippe Champagne also announced that for citizens who are still abroad, the country would provide emergency loans of up to $5,000 to cover travel costs or basic needs until they are able to return.[51][52]

On March 28, Sophie Grégoire Trudeau announced her full recovery and thanked her well-wishers via social media.[14][15]

The unemployment figures for the month of March were that the economy had shed 1,000,000 jobs, pushing the official jobless rate to 7.8%.[53]

April 2020

On April 4, Justin Trudeau announced that Canada would be receiving "millions" of masks from China.[54]

On April 6, Trudeau introduced extra aid for the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB), saying "there are groups of people who aren't benefiting from [it] who probably should."[55][56]

On April 9, the federal government released modelling that, even with strong public health measures, showed between 11,000 and 22,000 deaths over the course of the pandemic, with that number being closer to 300,000 deaths if no measures had been taken.[57] The same day, Trudeau sent a letter to the provincial and territorial premiers to consult about invoking the Emergencies Act.[58] While consultation with the provinces is a required step before the Act can be triggered, the Prime Minister's Office said there was no present plan to enact it and that doing so remained a last resort.[59][60] On a conference call between Trudeau and the premiers later that day, the premiers communicated their unanimous opposition to invoking the Act.[61][62]

The Parliamentary Budget Officer released on April 9 his findings that he calculated that the federal budget deficit for 2020 would reach $184 billion, or 8.5% of Canadian GDP. His estimate of the $2,000 per capita cost of the CERB was $22.3 billion. A total of 5.47 million Canadians had applied to date for the CERB programme.[53]

On April 10, the RCMP disclosed it has been asked to enforce the Quarantine Act. Penalties for violations can include a fine of up to $750,000 and imprisonment for six months.[63] One reporter said that the RCMP "could enter homes to enforce Quarantine Act orders if Canadians don’t self-isolate... [and] will do physical checks to enforce it."[64] It was reported that the Canadian Forces Intelligence Command Medical Intelligence Cell (MEDINT) has submitted reports on the outbreak in Wuhan since January 2020.[65]

On April 11, Parliament met to consider the wage subsidy bill, which will allow companies to receive a 75% subsidy on each employee's wages.[63] In the event, it passed the Canadian Emergency Wage Subsidy and the Canada Emergency Business Account.[66] The tech industry was not long in asking for its own handout, which had been delayed by the pandemic. On Sunday 12 April, the Canadian Advanced Technology Alliance reminded the government that the $3 billion SR&ED programme had been backlogged for too long.[67] Simultaneously, economists warned that the Canadian dollar would likely trade at 60 cents on the US dollar because of the deficit that was generated by the bailout programmes.[68]

On 13 April, it came to light that Newfoundland was in danger of starvation if Oceanex, one of two shipping companies that ply the trade to the island, were to become bankrupt due to reduced demand for its services because of the pandemic. It was felt that the other supplier, Marine Atlantic, could not fill the gap.[69]

On 14 April, Chief Public Health Officer Theresa Tam revealed that nursing and retirement homes accounted for "half of the more than 700 deaths [to date] across the country".[70][71] More than 90 per cent of the Canadians who have died are over the age of 60, according to statistics that were issued by Tam the previous week.[72] Also on 14 April, the Hotel Association of Canada said that more than 4,000 hotels to date were closed and 250,000 workers were out of work, including more than half the Ottawa-region hotels.[73]

Government response

Federal

Public health

The federal government's pandemic response is based on two primary documents: the Canadian Pandemic Influenza Preparedness planning guidelines, which outlines risks and measures to address a viral disease,[74] and the Federal/Provincial/Territorial Public Health Response Plan for Biological Events, which includes identifying, tracking, and ensuring rapid access to medical care.[75] As of February 27, the response plan was at level 3 (escalated).[76] The federal government activated its Emergency Operations Centre on January 15.[22]

On March 18, the federal Minister of Health, Patty Hajdu, announced that the federal government had signed an interim order to speed up access to COVID-19 test kits that would allow provincial labs to increase testing. The test kits are made by Switzerland-based Roche Molecular Systems and ThermoFisher Scientific.[77] According to Health Canada, "an Interim Order is one of the fastest mechanisms available to the Government of Canada to help make health products available to address larger scale public health emergencies. This Interim Order provides the Minister with the flexibility to consider the urgent circumstances relating to the need for the medical device, authorizations granted by foreign regulatory authorities, or possible new uses for medical devices that are approved in Canada."[78]

File:Physical distancing in Toronto at Shoppers Drug Mart - 20200412.jpg
Social distancing at Shoppers Drug Mart in Toronto with limited number of shoppers allowed inside the store.

Theresa Tam, Chief Public Health Officer of Canada and head of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), said on March 19 that Canada will not know for two or three weeks if country-wide social distancing efforts have curbed the spread of COVID-19.[79] Tam has appeared in public service announcements urging personal hygiene, social distancing, and against unnecessary travel, which began airing on all Canadian television and radio stations from March 23, until at least the end of April 2020.[80]

On March 19, 2020, the federal government announced that it had added to Trudeau's March 11 announcement of $275M in funding for an additional 49 projects to bring the total to 96 research projects that will focus on developing and implementing measures to detect, manage, and reduce the transmission of COVID-19.[47][81]

On March 20, as part of the announcement on Canada's industrial strategy (see below), Trudeau stated that the National Research Council will work with small- and medium-sized companies on health research to fight the virus.[82]

On March 24, 2020, a small number of MPs from each party met in the House of Commons to vote on an $82-billion emergency spending legislation, known as Bill C-13. The passage of the bill was stalled due to the federal government's proposed clauses that gave the finance minister the right to spend money and raise taxes without the approval of Parliament until December 31, 2021. After criticism from the Official Opposition over the minority government's "power grab" which was considered undemocratic, a revised bill was agreed upon the next day that would permit the government six months of special spending powers until September 30, 2020, with oversight from a Parliamentary committee.[83][84][85][86][87] The House of Commons' Health and Finance committees began holding weekly virtual meetings during the pandemic.[88][89]

Om April 9, Trudeau stated that "normality as it was before will not come back full-on until we get a vaccine for this", and that residents would "have to remain vigilant for at least a year."[90][91]

Travel and entry restrictions

On March 14, Canada recommended against international travel, and advised those returning from outside of Canada, except for essential workers (such as flight crew), to self-isolate for 14 days.[92] Since March 16, only Canadian citizens and their immediate families, permanent residents, and U.S. citizens are allowed to enter the country. The only exceptions are flight crews, diplomats, and trade and commerce. Travellers showing symptoms of the virus must also be refused boarding onto flights into Canada, regardless of their citizenship.[51][52] International flights to Canada from outside the Caribbean, Mexico, and the U.S. were instructed to land at only one of four airports: Calgary International Airport, Montréal–Trudeau International Airport, Toronto Pearson International Airport, and Vancouver International Airport.[51][52]

On March 18, Trudeau announced that Canada and the U.S. agreed to temporarily restrict all non-essential travel across the border, while maintaining supply chains between both countries;[93] this measure took effect at midnight on March 20.[94]

On March 25, Hajdu informed the Senate that she would invoke the Quarantine Act effective at midnight, federally mandating that all travellers (excluding essential workers) returning to the country must self-isolate for 14 days, prohibiting those who are symptomatic from using public transit as transport to their place of self-isolation, and prohibiting self-isolation in settings where they may come in contact with those who are vulnerable (people with pre-existing conditions and the elderly).[95]

On March 28, Trudeau announced that beginning March 30 at 12:00 p.m. ET, individuals showing symptoms of the virus must also be refused boarding on domestic flights (10 seats or more) and passenger trains. This excludes buses and intercity passenger rail services. The order will be enforced by Transport Canada.[96]

Governmental cancellations

A First Ministers' meeting scheduled for March 12 and 13 was cancelled after Trudeau and his wife Sophie Grégoire self-isolated.[12] The Canadian House of Commons was suspended between March 14 and April 20, immediately after passing the new North American free trade deal. The federal budget, previously scheduled for March 20, was also suspended.[97]

Bank of Canada rate changes

The Bank of Canada has twice lowered its overnight rate target by 50 basis points, first to 1.25 percent on March 4, and then to 0.75 percent on March 13, citing the "negative shocks to Canada's economy arising from the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent sharp drop in oil prices.[98][99]

On March 27, the Bank lowered the rate a third time to 0.25 percent, citing "serious consequences for Canadians and for the economy" due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[100] The Bank also launched a program to "alleviate strains in the short-term funding markets" and another program to acquire Government of Canada securities at a minimum of $5 billion per week.[101]

Federal aid

On March 18, the federal government announced an $82-billion response package that included measures ranging from wage subsidies and income supports to a temporary boost to the child benefit program.[102] Payment and interest on federal student loan debt is being waived for six months.[103] On March 25, the package received royal assent from Governor General Julie Payette.[104] The Canadian income tax filing deadline of April 30, 2020 was extended to June 1, 2020.[105] On April 6, the Canada Emergency Response Benefit was launched for eligible Canadians who were unemployed due to COVID-19, providing a taxable benefit of $2,000 per month, for up to four months.[106] Nearly 3.5 million Canadians applied for this benefit.[107]

Public service disruptions

File:Leslie street on a Thursday morning during the COVID-19 pandemic - 1.jpg
Leslie Street empty at 9:00 a.m. on a weekday in Toronto.

On March 16, the Treasury Board urged Federal public servants to work from home if possible. No date was provided for when this provision should end.[108]

Industrial strategy

On March 20, the government announced a plan to ramp up production of medical equipment, switching assembly lines to produce ventilators, masks and other personal protective gear. Companies will be able to access funds through the government's Strategic Innovation Fund. The PM started that Canadian medical supply firms Thornhill Medical, Medicom and Spartan Bioscience were looking to expand production. According to Innovation, Science and Industry minister Navdeep Bains, "the country's entire industrial policy will be refocused to prioritize the fight against COVID-19".[109][110]

Provincial and territorial

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Main articles: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, and Saskatchewan
Province or territory State of emergency declared Gatherings banned Border status [lower-alpha 1] Stay-at-home ordered Closures ordered Sources
Schools Daycares Sit-down restaurants[lower-alpha 2] Bars
Alberta Alberta March 17 Over 15 Open No Yes Yes Yes Yes [111]
British Columbia British Columbia March 18 Over 50 Open No Yes No Yes Yes [112][113][114]
Manitoba Manitoba March 20 Over 10 Open, informational checkpoints No Yes Yes Yes Yes [115][116]
New Brunswick New Brunswick March 19 Over 10 Restricted No Yes Yes Yes Yes [117]
Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador March 18 Over 10 Screened No Yes Yes No, social distancing required and reduced capacity Yes [118]
Northwest Territories Northwest Territories March 18 All gatherings Restricted March 21 Yes No No No [119][120]
Nova Scotia Nova Scotia March 22 Over 5 Screened March 23 Yes Yes Yes Yes [121][122]
Nunavut Nunavut March 18 All gatherings Restricted[lower-alpha 3] No Yes Yes Yes Yes [123]
Ontario Ontario March 17 Over 5 Open March 24 Yes Yes Yes Yes [124][125][126]
Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island March 16 Over 5 Restricted No Yes Yes Yes Yes [127]
Quebec Quebec March 12 All gatherings Restricted; Regional[lower-alpha 4] March 21 Yes Yes Yes Yes [128][129][130][131]
Saskatchewan Saskatchewan March 18 Over 10 Open March 26 Yes No Yes Yes [132][133][134]
Yukon Yukon March 18 Over 10 Screened March 26 Yes No Yes Yes [135][136]
  1. ↑ Refers to status of internal borders only. Although the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees broad mobility rights to Canadian citizens, during a state of emergency provincial and territorial governments can effectively restrict or deny entry due primarily their lawful authority to, at their discretion, refuse any person permission to use their roads:
    Open: No restrictions on entry from other Canadian provinces and territories.
    Screened: Health checks and/or self-isolation mandatory for persons entering from other Canadian provinces and territories.
    Restricted: Entry prohibited for non-residents without a valid reason to enter the province or territory.
    Regional: Entry restricted to (a) specific region(s) of the province or territory.
  2. ↑ For most provinces, takeout and delivery orders are still permitted even though dine-in section is closed.
  3. ↑ Nunavut is not accessible from the rest of Canada by road. Its entry restrictions are therefore effectively enforced with respect to prospective non-resident air travelers by federal transportation officers serving at airports from which flights depart for the territory. Returning Nunavummiut and others permitted to enter the territory are required to isolate at designated hotels in the city of departure for fourteen days prior to boarding a flight.
  4. ↑ Entry restricted to locals and essential workers in 9 regions out of 18, and parts of 3 other regions.

States of emergency

On March 12, Quebec declared a public health emergency, requiring international travellers to self-isolate for 14 days and banning gatherings of 250 people. The ban has been extended to all gatherings outside workplaces and retail.[137]

On March 16, Prince Edward Island declared a public health emergency. Alberta and Ontario declared emergencies on March 17, followed by British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Saskatchewan and Yukon on March 18. New Brunswick, Manitoba, and Nova Scotia declared emergencies on March 19, March 20, and March 22 respectively.[138]

These emergencies allowed provinces to ban gatherings and require international travellers to self-isolate. On March 25, mandatory self-isolation was imposed federally, making it a legal requirement for all provinces who had not done so already.[139]

New Brunswick, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and have all restricted entry through interprovincial borders, prohibiting the entry of non-residents without valid reason. Quebec has additionally restricted travel into 9 of its 18 regions and parts of 3 other regions. The borders of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador are being screened, while also requiring travellers to self-isolate for 14 days upon entering the province.[140]

Schools and universities

On March 12, the Ontario government announced that all public schools will be closed from March 14 until at least April 5.[141] This was followed by all provinces and territories closing schools, and the closures being repeatedly extended or made indefinite. Governments have assured graduating students that they will be able to graduate, and classes have moved online.

Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario was the first to voluntarily suspended classes and moved to online instruction on March 12.[142] This was quickly followed by many other universities in Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, and Manitoba voluntarily closing on the 12th and 13th. Initially, some universities in British Columbia continued while cancelling classes with more than 250 students due to the gatherings ban. All provinces have since closed down post-secondary institutions.

Due to the exceptional circumstances of the closures, various universities have given their students the option of receiving a pass/fail grade instead of a numeric or letter grade. The University of Alberta made this grading scheme mandatory, which received some backlash from the student body.[143]

Business closures

File:Port Moody, BC - playground closed with COVID-19 signage.jpg
Playground in Port Moody, British Columbia, closed off with caution tape. A sign indicates the playground is closed because of COVID-19.

Bars, restaurants, cinemas, and other businesses have been ordered closed by provinces, territories, and municipalities across the country. Initially, some jurisdictions allowed restaurants or bars to stay open with reduced capacity and social distancing. Takeout and delivery orders are largely still permitted.[140] Jurisdictions have differed on daycare closures. In particular, British Columbia and Saskatchewan have faced criticism for allowing daycares to remain open while closing schools, bars, and restaurants.[144]

Ontario, Quebec, and Saskatchewan have mandated the closure of all businesses not deemed essential by the provinces. Essential businesses include grocery stories, takeout and delivery restaurants, pharmacies, transportation, manufacturing, food production, energy, and healthcare.[145][146][147]

Liquor and cannabis stores have largely remained open across the country, with governments reversing their closure orders due to concerns surrounding alcohol withdrawal syndrome.[148][149]

Aid programs

Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Manitoba all offered one-time payments that aimed to bridge the gap before the implementation of the federal Canada Emergency Response Benefit. Quebec's Temporary Aid for Workers Program offers up to four weeks of payments for those who do not qualify for federal assistance. Prince Edward Island also provides payments to those who have kept their jobs but work reduced hour.[150]

Many provinces and territories have increased payments for those already receiving income supports.

Courts

Courts across the country instituted measures to reduce public contact, while maintaining access to the courts.[151] The Supreme Court of Canada has closed the building to public tours, while maintaining the ability to file documents for cases electronically. It has also adjourned appeals which were to be heard in March, to dates in June.[152] Other courts have prioritised the cases which will be heard, generally giving priority to ongoing criminal trials and trials in family and child protection matters, while adjourning most pending cases to later dates.

First Nations

On March 19, the Pimicikamak Cree Nation in northern Manitoba restricted entry to essential travellers, and Chief David Monias said the Sayisi Dene and others are doing the same. The Council of the Haida Nation said it was discouraging all non-resident travel to the islands "for the time being."[153]

Economic impact

File:Halifax, Canada - Empty shelves with no toilet paper.jpg
Panic buying: empty toilet paper shelves on March 12, 2020 at an Atlantic Superstore in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
File:Eggs at Galati Market - 20200321.jpg
Toronto Market limiting purchases of egg cartons to 3 per family.
File:Tim Hortons on a Saturday afternoon during the COVID-19 pandemic - 20200321.jpg
Tim Hortons accepting take-out and drive-thru orders only.

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See also: List of major events affected by the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic

Most event cancellations occurred on or after March 12, when several provinces implemented bans on gatherings of 250 or more people.[citation needed] The leadership contests of the Conservative Party of Canada, Green Party of British Columbia, Quebec Liberal Party and Parti Québécois were postponed.[154][155][156][157]

Stock market

The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) was affected strongly by the 2020 stock market crash, with an overall 12% decline on March 12 of the S&P/TSX Composite Index, its biggest single-day decline since 1940, twice triggering market circuit breakers.[158][159] The week of March 9–13 was the TSX's worst week on record.[160] The fall, which capped two weeks of steady declines, was exacerbated by an oil output war between Russia and Saudi Arabia.[161]

The S&P/TSX Composite Index lost another 10% on March 16, causing trading to halt a 3rd time in a span of eight days.[162][163] The index closed at 12,360.40 points on March 16, down over 30% from before the crash at 17,944 recorded on February 20.

Health and travel insurance

At least one insurance carrier announced that it was cutting back on insurance coverage for Canadians abroad. On March 15, 2020, RSA Canada announced that trip cancellation, interruption, and emergency medical coverage was now limited to 10 days from the federal government's announcement on March 13, 2020, urging Canadians not to travel internationally.[164]

Layoffs

WestJet has frozen all hiring and is offering voluntary departure packages to employees, with the goal of cutting 12% of its total capacity.[165] Air Canada announced on March 20 that it will lay off 5,000 of its staff.[166] On March 20, the federal government announced a dramatic increase in applications to unemployment insurance, with over 500,000 Canadians applying in a single week (an 18-fold increase).[167] By March 22, the figure was adjusted to nearly one million Canadians applying in a single week.[168] And by April 2, jobless claims in Canada reached around 2.13 million, representing roughly 11% of the labour force.[169] On April 6, the Canadian government said that 3.18 million Canadians applied for unemployment benefits, with around 795,000 applying on April 6 alone.[170] The survey from the Angus Reid Institute found that 44% of Canadian households have experienced some type of job loss.[171][172] On April 13, the number of applications for emergency benefits due to the pandemic reached 6 million — this number "includes those who applied through the employment insurance (EI) process."[173]

Business practices

Initially, fast casual restaurants such as Starbucks and Tim Hortons maintained service, but suspended the allowable use of reusable cups by patrons. Tim Hortons simultaneously altered its popular "Roll up the Rim to Win" promotion to exclude physical cups (the chain had already announced its intent to increase its use of digital components for the promotion in an effort to combat litter).[174][175][176] In compliance with or ahead of local mandates, some national restaurant chains (including those aforementioned) have since suspended in-store dining and seating, in favour of take-out and delivery service only. McDonald's Canada stated on March 22 that it would close its dining rooms entirely at most locations, and only offer drive-through and delivery.[177][178][179][180]

Shopify cancelled its Shopify Unite conference, which was scheduled to occur from May 6 to 9 in Toronto.[181]

The major movie theatre chains Cineplex Entertainment and Landmark initially restricted the capacity of their individual cinema auditoriums by half (with Landmark using its reserved seating systems to enforce social distancing between patrons, and providing fresh bags and cups for popcorn and soft drinks upon refills rather than reusing them).[182] Both chains have since closed all locations until further notice.[183][184]

Airline sector

File:Westjet planes grounding at Yeg airport during Covid-19 impact.jpg
Westjet planes groundings at YEG airport

Air Canada cancelled all flights to Beijing, Shanghai, and Rome; and cut back on flights to Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Seoul,[185]

WestJet announced on March 16 that all international flights, including to the US, will be suspended by March 22.[186]

On March 18, Porter Airlines announced that it would suspend all flights until June.[187]

Also on March 18, Air Canada announced that by April 1 all international flights will be suspended, with only 6 airports outside the US and 13 US airports still being serviced.[188] These "air-bridges" (to London, Paris, Frankfurt, Delhi, Tokyo and Hong Kong) will allow Canadians to return home and are operated at least until April 30.[188]

Air Canada announced because of the Canadian Emergency Wage Subsidy, it would re-hire backdated to 15 March 16,000 airline staff that were laid off due to the pandemic.[66]

Tourism

Almost all tourist sites have been closed or reduced due to the pandemic.[189][not in citation given]

Casinos and gaming

Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, and Saskatchewan have ordered the closure of all casinos until further notice. Société des casinos du Québec also closed all four of its casinos.[190][191][192][193][194] Great Canadian Gaming voluntarily closed its 10 locations in BC (prior to the mandated closure), and 3 in the Atlantic provinces.[195][196] The Atlantic Lottery and Loto-Québec also suspended and disabled their video lottery terminals starting March 16.[197][198]

Sports

All professional and university sports leagues with Canadian teams have suspended their seasons from March 13 onward. This includes the National Hockey League,[199] the Canadian Hockey League,[200] Hockey Canada,[201][202] the Canadian Junior Hockey League,[203] U Sports ice hockey,[204] the National Basketball Association,[205][206] Major League Baseball,[207][208] Major League Soccer,[209] the Canadian Premier League,[210] the Canadian Soccer Association,[211] and the CONCACAF Champions League.[212] On March 18, the CHL's leagues announced that they would cancel the remainder of their regular seasons. All playoffs and the 2020 Memorial Cup were subsequently cancelled March 23.[213][214]

As of March 19, the Canadian Football League is limiting player access to training facilities and considering contingency plans for the 2020 CFL season.[215]

Cancelled international sports events in Canada include the 2020 World Women's Curling Championship (originally scheduled to be held from March 14 to 22 in Prince George),[216] the 2020 World Figure Skating Championships (March 16 to 22, Montreal),[217] the 2020 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships (March 31 to April 10, Halifax and Truro, Nova Scotia),[218] and the 2020 Sprint Tour (March 14 to 15, Quebec City) and 2020 World Cup Finals (March 20 to 21, Canmore) of the FIS Cross-Country World Cup.[219] Cancelled national competitions include the 2020 Arctic Winter Games (March 15 to 21, Whitehorse)[220] and Nordiq Canada's Canadian Ski Championships (March 25 to April 2, Vernon, British Columbia).[221]

On April 11, Tennis Canada cancelled the women's WTA Tour half of the 2020 Canadian Open (sponsored as Rogers Cup), pursuant to a request by the Quebec government for all cultural events, festivals, and sporting events be cancelled through August. Per an alternating cycle with the men's ATP Tour half of the event and Toronto, Montreal will host the women's tournament in 2021. Tennis Canada stated that it would still tentatively hold the men's tournament in Toronto, unless the ATP extends its suspension of play, or the Ontario or Toronto government order otherwise.[222][223]

Media and arts

Many news websites have dropped their paywalls for material related to the pandemic, including The Globe and Mail and all Postmedia sites.[224][225] Postmedia subsequently dropped its paywalls for all content for April 2020.[226]

Public broadcaster CBC temporarily replaced its local evening newscasts with a simulcast from CBC News Network combining content from local and national journalists from across the country,[227] a decision that was criticized by the Premier of Prince Edward Island Dennis King, as CBC News: Compass is the province's only local daily television news program.[228] By the end of March, however, local news service began to be restored in most markets.[229]

CBC Radio One also temporarily suspended production of its arts and entertainment magazine series Q, in order to provide an extended daily broadcast of its morning news series The Current,[229] while CBC Music shifted to programming exclusively Canadian music to help support artists impacted by the cancellations of concert tours and the Juno Awards. CBC Television also launched a number of special short-run series during the pandemic to deal with disruptions in its regular schedule, including Movie Night in Canada to broadcast feature films in lieu of Hockey Night in Canada; What're You At? with Tom Power, a Sunday evening talk show which will see Tom Power remotely interview both celebrities and ordinary Canadians;[230] and Hot Docs at Home, a Thursday night series which will broadcast several feature documentary films which had been slated to premiere at the cancelled Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.[231]

Cancelled cultural events include such awards ceremonies as the 2020 Juno Awards, scheduled to have been in Saskatoon on March 15,[232][233] the 8th Canadian Screen Awards (Toronto, March 29),[233][232] the 15th Canadian Folk Music Awards (Charlottetown, April 3 and 4),[234] the Artis Awards (Montreal, May 10)[235] and the 4th Prix Iris (Montreal, June 7).[236]

Festival cancellations or postponements include the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, originally planned in Toronto from April 30 to May 10,[237] the Inside Out Film and Video Festival, originally planned for late May but now rescheduled to October,[238] and Montreal's Festival international du film sur l'art (fr), which will now be presented online.[239] CBC Radio's Canada Reads book competition, scheduled for the week of March 16, was also postponed.[240]

Canada's national museums in Ottawa cancelled all scheduled events and exhibits, and closed indefinitely on March 14.[241] Almost all local museums, art galleries, theatres, and other performance venues across the country have also closed indefinitely.[242][243][244][245][246]

The National Arts Centre launched #CanadaPerforms, a $100,000 fund that would pay Canadian musicians $1,000 to perform a livestreamed home concert on Facebook during the crisis. The initiative launched on March 19 with a concert by Jim Cuddy, with other artists already scheduled to perform including Serena Ryder, William Prince, Irish Mythen, Erin Costelo and Whitehorse.[247]

The eighth season of the Global series Big Brother Canada abruptly ended production on March 24, 2020 due to the Ontario government's mandatory 14-day closure of all non-essential workplaces. There was no winner, with the prize money subsequently donated to charities responding to COVID-19.[248]

Cases by province or territory

Alberta

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Main article: 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Alberta

In Alberta, as of April 13, there is a total of 1,732 cases and 46 deaths.[249][250] There have been 877 recoveries from the virus in the province.[251] The majority of cases were in the Calgary zone, which had 1,114 cases as of April 13.[249] The first case, which was confirmed on March 5, was a tourist, who had been repatriated from the Grand Princess to Calgary.[252][253] As of March 16, cases have been reported in every Alberta zone.[254] Community transmission was first reported on March 15, but at that time limited to seven people,[255][256] six of whom attended a dental conference held from March 5 to 7 at the Vancouver Convention Centre.[256][257] The first death caused by the virus in Alberta occurred on March 19.[258]

At their March 25 briefing Hinshaw said that, the "significant case numbers"—which included 61 new cases, of which 33 were believed to be by community transmission, 20 patients hospitalized, and 8 in ICU—"underscore the seriousness of the situation that we face."[259][260][261] Alberta's Chief Medical Officer, Deena Hinshaw, announced on March 26, that Alberta labs were conducting 3,000 tests a day.[262][261] By April 7, 67,117 tests had been conducted in Alberta.[249]

British Columbia

File:Canada Place during COVID-19.jpg
Deserted exterior of Canada Place in Vancouver. Note the two pedestrians on the left wearing face masks.

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Main article: 2020 coronavirus pandemic in British Columbia

As of April 14, 2020, British Columbia has reported 1,517 cases, 942 recoveries, and 72 deaths.[263] Additionally, the provincial government has announced that 58,626 people have been tested for the virus in British Columbia as of April 14.[263]

The first case in British Columbia was reported on January 28. The person had returned from Wuhan and began experiencing symptoms on January 26.[264] The first case in BC's Interior Health region was reported on February 14. The person had recently returned from China.[265] The first case in the Fraser Health region was reported on February 20. This was also the first BC case where the person had travelled to or from Iran.[266]

The first two cases in the Lynn Valley Care Centre in North Vancouver were reported on March 7. One resident and one staff member were diagnosed.[49] The staff member is now thought to be Canada's first case of community transmission.[267] This care centre became Canada's worst outbreak, with 16 cases to date, and may be linked to subsequent cases in another seniors' home and a hospital in North Vancouver.[268]

On March 9, the Lynn Valley outbreak resulted in the first coronavirus death in Canada, by a man in his 80s with pre-existing health conditions. Three more deaths at the centre were reported on March 16. An additional 2 deaths were reported at the centre on March 17,[269][270][271] while another was reported on March 19.[272]

The seventh death was reported to have occurred "in [a] hospital in the Fraser Health region".[273]

BC's first two cases linked to the Grand Princess were also reported on March 7. They were hospitalized.[49]

Manitoba

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Main article: 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Manitoba

As of April 13, 2020, Manitoba has reported 246 cases, with the first three reported on March 12.[274] There have been 99 recoveries and 4 deaths.[274] All of Winnipeg's cases were identified after March 12.[267] As of April 7, 17,245 tests have been completed.[274] The rate of testing was increased to more than 500 tests a day on March 14.[275]

In Manitoba's first case, the person had returned to Winnipeg from the Philippines, and self-isolated at home.[276] All subsequent cases were found in Winnipeg.[277]

New Brunswick

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Main article: 2020 coronavirus pandemic in New Brunswick

As of April 13, New Brunswick has reported 116 cases, with the first one reported on March 11. There have been 74 recoveries and an additional 7,773 tests have come back negative.[278]

In New Brunswick's first case, the person had returned to southeastern New Brunswick from France, and self-isolated at home.[279] The second case was a close contact.[279]

On March 15, the province reported four more presumptive cases in the central part of the province.[280]

On March 16, New Brunswick confirmed one more case, and announced one more presumptive case, making 2 confirmed cases and 5 presumptive in total.[281]

On March 17, an eighth case was announced. This is the first child in the province to become infected.

Newfoundland and Labrador

As of April 7, 2020, there have been 228 cases confirmed in Newfoundland and Labrador, with 49 recoveries and 2 deaths. As of that date, 3,958 people have been tested with 3,730 negative results.[282]

On March 14, a presumptive case was announced in the province.[283]

On March 24, a woman was arrested in Corner Brook for violating public health emergency orders by refusing to stay at home after she returned from a trip outside the province.[284]

By March 25, the number of cases had risen to 67, 44 of them associated with an outbreak at a funeral home, which occurred between March 15 and 17.[285][286]

Northwest Territories

As of April 13, 2020, there have been 5 confirmed cases in the territory, with 2 recoveries. 1,453 tests have been conducted, with 1,448 negative results.[287]

On March 21, the Northwest Territories reported its first case of COVID-19; the individual had travelled to British Columbia and Alberta before returning home to Yellowknife.[288]

Nova Scotia

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Main article: 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Nova Scotia

As of April 13, 2020, Nova Scotia has reported 474 confirmed cases, with 101 recoveries and 3 deaths.[289] There have been 15,580 negative test results.[289] On March 15, 2020, three presumptive cases in Nova Scotia were announced. All three were travel-related.[290]

On March 29, a Halifax woman was fined $697.50, and had her vehicle seized by police after she was found in a park despite Nova Scotia having closed parks and beaches to the public under its emergency measures act.[291]

Nunavut

As of April 13, 2020, Nunavut is the only territory in Canada with no confirmed COVID-19 cases. Non-residents have been barred from entering.[292]

Ontario

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Main article: 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Ontario

As of April 12, 2020, Ontario, the province with the first case in the country, has reported 7,470 cases with 3,357 recoveries and 291 fatalities.[3] Most cases to date have been linked to international travel, including local conferences with international attendees, however at least three cases are being investigated for community transmission.[10] In total, 100,760 people have tested negative, while 1,534 continue to be investigated.[3]

The first case in Canada, was reported on January 25 in Toronto. The person had recently returned from Wuhan, China, and had taken precautions in returning. After admission to hospital, the person made a full recovery by February 23.[267] Further cases imported from other countries were reported later in February, with the first case from Iran reported on February 26, Egypt on February 27, Grand Princess Cruise on March 7, the United States on March 7, France and Germany[293] on March 8, Switzerland on March 10, and Austria on March 11.[267]

On March 12, Sophie Gregoire Trudeau, the wife of Canada's prime minister Justin Trudeau, became Canada's first UK-linked case. Both she and the prime minister started self-isolation.[267]

Ontario reported its first death on March 17, a man in his 70s in Barrie, Ontario.[294] A second death, a man in his 50s in Milton, Ontario, was reported on March 19.[295]

Prince Edward Island

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Main article: 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Prince Edward Island

As of April 13, 2020, Prince Edward Island has reported 25 confirmed cases of the virus, with 23 recoveries.[296] As of April 13, 1,816 tests have come back negative and 71 are currently under investigation.[296] On March 14, 2020, the first confirmed case in Prince Edward Island was announced, a woman in her 50s who had returned from a trip on a cruise ship on March 7.[297] By March 26, there were five cases, all of which had been travel related, i.e., been contracted while persons were abroad.[298] To date, there was no re-transmission reported in the island province.

Quebec

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Main article: 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Quebec

As of April 13, 2020, Quebec has reported 13,557 confirmed cases of the virus and 360 deaths.[4]

The province confirmed its first case on February 28—a 41-year-old woman from Montreal who had returned from Iran on the 24th on a flight from Doha, Qatar.[299][300][301] She was transferred to Jewish General Hospital on March 3, and released on March 4;[302][303] since then, she has remained in isolation at her home in Verdun.[304] On March 5, the Ministry of Health and Social Services announced a second presumptive case, involving a man who had travelled to India in February, and was being treated in Mont-Laurier for symptoms similar to coronavirus. On March 4, the person was transferred to Jewish General Hospital, where he was diagnosed with pneumonia.[305] Hours afterwards, a third presumptive case was confirmed, involving a woman who had returned from France on March 3.[306][307]

A fourth case was confirmed March 8, involving a woman from Montérégie, Longueuil who had recently returned from a cruise that had visited Mexico.[308] On March 10, authorities stated that the person had used public transit between February 24 and March 6, and had travelled through the Berri-UQAM, Champ-de-Mars, and Longueuil metro stations.[309][310] Premier François Legault initially classified the threat posed by the virus as being "weak".[311]

On March 9, a Montreal resident who had recently returned from Ireland was reported as a fifth presumptive case.[312][313][314] Four new cases were confirmed on March 11, including one who had returned from Caribbean and Miami, a man who had returned from the Dominican Republic,[315] a person who had returned from Italy, and a resident of Montreal who had returned from international travel.[316][317]

By March 18, 94 confirmed cases had been reported in Quebec.[318] The province also had its first death.[319]

On March 20, a woman who tested positive for COVID-19 was arrested for being out in Quebec City's Limoilou neighbourhood despite being under a quarantine order; this was the first time that this type of warrant was executed.[320]

Saskatchewan

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Main article: 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Saskatchewan

As of April 13, 2020, there have been 300 confirmed cases of COVID-19, 178 recoveries, and 4 deaths in Saskatchewan.[321] Saskatchewan's Chief Medical Officer Saqib Shahab announced the first presumptive case of in the province on March 12, a person in their 60s that had recently returned from Egypt, who was tested on March 9, and was in self-isolation at their home.[7] Two cases involved attendees of the aforementioned dental conference in Vancouver.[322]

11 Saskatchewan health care employees tested positive after attending a physicians' bonspiel at a curling club in Edmonton on the week of March 11.[323]

Saskatchewan reported its first deaths from COVID-19 on March 30, 2020. Both people were in their 70s and were from separate parts of the province.[324]

Yukon

As of April 13, 2020, Yukon has reported 8 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with 6 recoveries. 832 tests have been completed, with 806 confirmed negative and 18 still under investigation.[325]

On March 22, 2020, Premier Sandy Silver and the Chief Medical Officer, Brendan Hanley, announced that Yukon had its first cases of coronavirus, a couple who had attended a convention in the United States and then returned home to Whitehorse. They developed symptoms upon their return and immediately sought medical assistance. They have self-isolated and have meticulously followed all public health directions.[326]

Data

Timeline of COVID-19 cases by province and territory

Template:2019–20 coronavirus pandemic data/Canada medical cases

Cases by province and territory

Template:2019–20 coronavirus pandemic data/Canada cases by province

Charts of disease progression

  New cases per day
  Deaths per day
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The charts below use use a log scale for the y axes. Each major division is a factor of ten. This makes the slope of the plot the relative rate of change anywhere in the timeline, which allows comparison of data between early and later periods of the pandemic.

  Total cases   Active cases   Total recoveries   Total deaths
Canada Canada
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British Columbia British Columbia Alberta Alberta Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Manitoba Manitoba
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Ontario Ontario Quebec Quebec New Brunswick New Brunswick Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island
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Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador Yukon Yukon Northwest Territories Northwest Territories
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External links

Template:2020 coronavirus pandemic in Canada

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