459th Operations Group

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459th Operations Group
459th Air Refueling Wing - Boeing KC-135R-BN Stratotanker 62-3556.jpg
459th Air Operations Group - Boeing KC-135R Stratotanker
Active 1943-1945; 1947-1951; 1955-1959
Country  United States
Branch  United States Air Force
Type Wing
Role Air Refueling
Part of AFR Shield.svg  Air Force Reserve Command
Garrison/HQ Joint Base Andrews, Maryland
Decorations Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Commanders
Current
commander		 William Mason
Insignia
459th Air Refueling Wing emblem 459th Air Refueling Wing.png
Tail Code Black/Yellow check tail stripe "Andrews" in yellow
Aircraft flown
Tanker KC-135 Stratotanker

The 459th Air Refueling Wing (459 ARW) is an Air Reserve Component (ARC) of the United States Air Force. It is assigned to the Fourth Air Force, Air Force Reserve Command, stationed at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland. If mobilized, the Wing is gained by the Air Mobility Command.

Overview

The mission of the 459th Air Refueling Wing is to recruit, train and equip its Citizen Airmen to fly and maintain the KC-135 Stratotanker to help the Air Force protect its interests in air and space power.

The wing, over the years, is a six-time recipient of the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award. There are about 1,200 traditional Reservists stationed at the wing. A full-time civilian and Air Reserve Technician staff of approximately 230 personnel provide day-to-day administration and management of the 459th.

Units

The 459th Operations Group consists of the following major units:

756th Air Refueling Squadron
459th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron
459th Operations Support Flight

History

World War II

The 459th Bombardment Group (Heavy) was activated as a B-24 Liberator heavy bombardment unit in July 1943; assigned to II Bomber Command for training. Primarily trained in Utah and Arizona received deployment orders for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO) in September 1943. Moved to Massachusetts where the group flew long-range convoy escort missions over the Newfoundland Banks to Long Island Sound, November–December 1943 while station in Italy was being constructed.

B-24L-10-FO Liberator 44-49750, 756th Bombardment Squadron, Bombing near Padua, Italy, 1945

Deployed to Southern Italy in January 1944; entered combat in February, being assigned to Fifteenth Air Force. Engaged in very long range strategic bombing missions to enemy military, industrial and transportation targets in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia, bombing railroad marshalling yards, oil refineries, airdrome installations, heavy industry, and other strategic objectives. Also carried out some support and interdiction operations. Struck bridges, harbors, and troop concentrations in August 1944 to aid the invasion of Southern France. Hit communications lines and other targets during March and April 1945 to support the advance of British Eighth Army and American Fifth Army in northern Italy.

Returned to the United States in August 1945, being programmed for deployment to the Pacific Theater of Operations as a B-29 Superfortress Very Heavy Bombardment Squadron. Many combat veterans of MTO demobilized upon arrival in the United States, and a small cadre of personnel reformed at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota at the end of August. Japanese Capitulation in August led to inactivation of unit and assigned personnel being reassigned to other group squadrons or demobilized.

Air Force Reserve

Reactivated in the Air Force Reserve in 1947 with B-29s, the 459th trained at Long Beach Army Air Field, California then moving in 1949 to Smoky Hill Air Force Base, Kansas and then Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana shortly afterward. Activated in 1951 by Second Air Force due to the Korean War, its aircraft and personnel were reassigned to Strategic Air Command combat groups deployed to Far East Air Forces; inactivated shortly afterward.

The Reserve flying mission began at Andrews Air Force Base in the summer of 1954, when the 756th Troop Carrier Squadron was activated and equipped with the C-46 aircraft. Nearly 8 months later, the unit had grown enough to activate its parent organization, the 459th Troop Carrier Group (formerly 459th Bombardment Group) and its parent the 459th Troop Carrier Wing. Later that year, another squadron, the 757th Troop Carrier Squadron was activated at Byrd Field, Richmond, Virginia and assigned to the Group. A third flying unit, the 758th Troop Carrier Squadron, was added in 1957 and equipped with the C-119 "Flying Boxcar" at Greater Pittsburgh Airport, Pennsylvania. In November 1957, the 757th relocated from Byrd Field to Youngstown Municipal Airport, Ohio. The group was inactivated in April 1959 as Continental Air Command converted to the dual deputy form of organization.

Modern era

459th ARW KC-135Rs at Andrews AFB in 2004.

The group was reactivated in October 1992 as part of the Objective Wing reorganization In 1993, the 459th continued to support Operation Restore Hope and mobilized members in support of the operations in Somalia. The wing provided humanitarian airlift relief in Rwanda and in support of the Cuban refugees at Naval Base Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. In addition, 459th personnel supported Operation Uphold Democracy in Haiti as well as various other significant missions around the globe.

The 459th has been engaged in the Global War on Terrorism since September 2001. As a result of these operations, the Wing has participated in places around the globe to include: Iraq, Afghanistan, Qatar, Cuba, Bosnia, Kosovo, Turkey and Guam. Re-designated in 2003 as an air refueling wing, the 459th is equipped with KC-135Rs.

Lineage

  • Established as the 459th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 19 May 1943
Activated on 1 July 1943
Redesignated 459th Bombardment Group, Heavyon 20 August 1943
Inactivated on 28 August 1945
  • Redesignated 459th Bombardment Group, Very Heavy on 11 March 1947
Activated in the Reserve on 19 April 1947
Redesignated 459th Bombardment Group, Medium on 27 June 1949.
Ordered to active service on 1 May 1951
Inactivated on 16 June 1951
Redesignated 459th Troop Carrier Group, Medium, on 30 December 1954
Activated in the Reserve on 26 January 1955
Inactivated on 14 April 1959
Redesignated 459th Tactical Airlift Group on 31 July 1985 (remained inactive)
Redesignated 459th Operations Group and activated in the Reserve on 1 August 1992

Assignments

Components

  • 57th Fighter Squadron: 15 May 1947 – 27 June 1949
  • 756th Bombardment Squadron (later 756th Troop Carrier Squadron, 756th Airlift Squadron, Air Refueling) Squadron]]: 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945; 19 April 1947 – 26 June 1949; 26 January 1955 – 14 April 1959; 1 August 1992 – present
  • 757th Bombardment Squadron (later 757th Troop Carrier Squadron): 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945; 12 July 1947 – 27 June 1949; 8 April 1955 – 14 April 1959
  • 758th Bombardment Squadron (later 758th Troop Carrier Squadron): 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945; 12 July 1947 – 27 June 1949; 16 November 1957 – 14 April 1959
  • 759th Bombardment Squadron: 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945; 12 July 1947 – 16 June 1951

Stations

Aircraft

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

External links

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