Abraham Jacobi

Abraham Jacobi
Jacobi in 1912
Born	(1830-05-06)May 6, 1830 Hille, German Confederation
Died	Bolton Landing, New York, United States
Spouse(s)	Fanny Meyer Jacobi (1833−1851) Mary Putnam Jacobi
Children	Marjorie McAneny

File:Jacobi Medical Center, The Bronx (aerial view, 2007).jpg

Jacobi Medical Center

Abraham Jacobi (May 6, 1830 – July 10, 1919) was a pioneer of pediatrics, opening the first children's clinic in the United States. To date, he is the only foreign-born president of the American Medical Association. He helped found the American Journal of Obstetrics.

Biography

Born in Hartum (now a district of Hille), Westphalia, he was the son of a poor Jewish shopkeeper and his wife who educated him at great sacrifice. He attended the gymnasium in Minden. After graduating there, he studied medicine at the universities of Greifswald, Göttingen, and Bonn, receiving an MD at Bonn in 1851. Shortly thereafter, Jacobi joined the revolutionary movement in Germany (see Revolution of 1848). He was detained in prisons at Berlin and Cologne in 1851, and eventually convicted of treason and imprisoned at Minden and Bielefeld until his discharge in the summer of 1853. Upon release, Jacobi sailed to England, where he stayed with both Karl Marx and Friederich Engels. In the following autumn he moved to New York where he settled as a practicing physician.

He remained in contact with Marx and Engels and in 1857 Jacobi was involved in founding the New York Communist Club.

Starting in 1861 at the New York Medical College, he was a professor of childhood diseases. From 1867 to 1870, he was chair of the medical department of the City University of New York. He taught at Columbia University from 1870 to 1902. He later moved to Mount Sinai Hospital, where he established the first Department of Pediatrics at a general hospital.

He was president of the New York Pathological and Obstetrical Societies, and twice of the Medical Society of the County of New York, visiting physician to the German Hospital beginning 1857, to Mount Sinai Hospital beginning 1860, to the Hebrew Orphan Asylum and the infant hospital on Randall's Island beginning 1868, and to Bellevue Hospital beginning 1874. In 1882 he was president of the New York State Medical Society, and in 1885 became president of the New York Academy of Medicine. From 1868 to 1871, he was joint editor of the American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children.

Civic work was an important part of his life. He advocated birth control and civil service reform and opposed prohibition. He was strongly anti-Hohenzollern during World War I. In the summer of 1918, a house fire destroyed the manuscript of his autobiography and other personal papers at his Lake George home.

He died on July 10, 1919 in his summer home in Bolton Landing at age 89. Jacobi is interred at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York.

Family

His first wife, Fanny Meyer Jacobi (1833−1851), was a sister of Sophie Meyer Boas (1828−1916), the mother of ethnologist Franz Boas, who also attended the gymnasium in Minden. In 1873, he married Mary Putnam Jacobi, also a physician. She was the first woman student at Faculté de Médecine de Paris in Paris, France. They had three children, one of whom, Marjorie McAneny, survived to adulthood.

Works

• Contributions to Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children (with E. Noeggerath; New York, 1859)
• Dentition and its Derangements (1862)
• The Raising and Education of Abandoned Children in Europe (1870)
• Infant Diet (1874)
• Treatise on Diphtheria (1880)

Jacobi contributed chapters on the care and nutrition of children, diphtheria, and dysentery to Gerhardt's Handbuch der Kinderkrankheiten (Tübingen, 1877), and on diphtheria, rachitis, and laryngitis to Pepper's System of Practical Medicine (Philadelphia), and has published lectures and reports on midwifery and female and infantile disease, and articles in medical journals. His Sarcoma of the Kidney in the Fœtus and Infant is printed in the Transactions of the International Medical Congress at Copenhagen.

Legacy

• Abraham Jacobi and Carl Schurz Memorial Park in Bolton Landing, New York
• A collection of his papers is held at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland.

See also

• Jacobi Medical Center, New York

References

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