Anholt Offshore Wind Farm

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Anholt Offshore Wind Farm
Anholt September 2014.jpg
Anholt Offshore Wind Farm is located in Denmark
Anholt Offshore Wind Farm
Location of Anholt Offshore Wind Farm in Denmark
Country Denmark
Location Kattegat near Norddjurs
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[1]
Status Operational
Construction began 2012
Commission date 4 September 2013
Construction cost 10 billion Danish kroner
Owner(s) DONG Energy
Wind farm
Max. water depth 14–17 m (46–56 ft)
Distance from shore 21 km (13 mi)
Power generation
Units operational 111
Make and model Siemens Wind Power: SWT-3.6-120[2]
Nameplate capacity 400 MW
Capacity factor 48.7 %[3]

Anholt Offshore Wind Farm is a Danish offshore wind power wind farm in the Kattegat, between Djursland and Anholt island. With a nameplate capacity of 400 megawatts (MW), it is the third largest offshore wind farm in the world (along with BARD Offshore 1) and the largest in Denmark. A cable from the wind farm to Anholt replaces most of the diesel-powered electricity on the island.[4]

Project

Economy

The project was conceived in February 2008, as part of the Danish government's Energy Policy Agreement.[5] The wind farm costs an estimated 10 billion Danish kroner (€1.35 bn, US$1.65 bn). During operation, DONG receives a feed-in tariff of 1.051 DKK/kW·h (17 US¢/kW·h) for the first 20 TW·h (about 12–13 years of production),[6] whereas the 207 MW Rødsand 2 receives 0.629 DKK/kW·h for 10 TW·h.[7]

DONG Energy was the only bidder for the project, and received the license to build it in 2010.[8][9] Newsmedia and politicians suggest a tight schedule with tough sanctions as reasons for the single bid and higher price,[10][11] and the subsequent Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm had 4 bidders in 2015 and costs 0.77 DKK/kW·h, well below the 105 øre at Anholt.[12]

Technology

DONG contracted Siemens Wind Power to supply 111 3.6 MW wind turbines for the project,[13] placed in 14 metres (46 ft) water depth.[1]

The transformer platform increases voltage from 33 to 220 kV for transporting the alternating current power 25 kilometres (16 mi) to land through a single 3-conductor cable (diameter 26 cm or 10 in)[14] and a further 56 km (35 mi)[15] to Trige (near Aarhus) where a 400 kV main power hub can distribute the power.[16][17]

The agreement requires first power to be produced before the end of 2012, and be fully commissioned before the end of 2013.[1] In March 2011, DONG Energy sold 50% of the Anholt wind farm to a consortium consisting of PensionDanmark (30%) and PKA (Pensionskassernes Administration, 20%) for DKK 6 billion (US$1.14 billion) payable in 4 rates between 2011 and 2013.[18][19]

Usually, turbines are placed in a grid pattern of lines and rows. But the turbines of AOWF are placed in an unusual pattern, governed by two principles: put most of them along the edges, and put most in undisturbed airflow from the main direction, which is West-southwest. This would increase production by 1.5%, a lifetime value of more than 100m DKK.[20]

Construction

On 31 December 2011, the heavy lift vessel (HLV) Svanen placed the first foundation monopile.[21]

Official construction of the wind farm started on 13 January 2012.[22]

The first turbine was installed on 3 September and connected to the Danish power grid on 21 September.[23]

In May 2013, AOWF became Denmark's largest wind farm when 59 turbines were grid connected, totalling 212MW and surpassing Horns Rev 2. The vessel Sea Installer managed to erect a complete tower (saving time), and installed a wind turbine in 7 hours.[24]

On 19 May 2013, the installation vessel Sea Power erected the last of the 111 turbines at Anholt Offshore Wind Farm.[25]

The wind farm achieved full power in June 2013,[26][27] and was inaugurated and commissioned on 4 September 2013.[10][28]

Operation

The connection cable has been out of service two times; first the land cable failed for a week in 2014 costing Energinet.dk 9 million DKK in compensation to DONG. In February 2015 the sea cable failed, and Anholt island reverted to its diesel engines.[29]

As of 2015, the farm has produced 4,427 GWh.[3]

See also

External links

External media
Images
image icon Location and grid connection
Video
video icon Plug-in wind – from offshore wind turbine to consumer
video icon Help for wind turbines
video icon Race against time
video icon Halfway through
video icon Erecting monopile and turbine

Official website

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Siemens - Offshore wind power projects
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Anholt offshore wind farm (in Danish) Danish Energy Agency. Accessed: 27 November 2010.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Hanne, Windemuller. Anholt Offshore Wind Farm will be the largest in Denmark Danish Energy Agency, 2 July 2010. Accessed: 27 November 2010.
  7. ↑ Pia C. Jensen & Steen Hartvig Jacobsen. "Wind turbines in Denmark", page 26. Danish Energy Agency, November 2009. Accessed: 4 September 2013.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Jan Bjerre Lauridsen & Søren Andersen. "Queen says Good Wind to giant turbines" (in Danish) Berlingske, 4 September 2013. Accessed: 4 September 2013.
  11. ↑ Erik Holm & Sanne Wittrup. "We should learn from Anholt" (in Danish) Ingeniøren, 8 April 2010. Accessed: 4 September 2013.
  12. ↑ Wittrup, Sanne. "Svenske Vattenfall skal bygge Danmarks næste havmøllepark " Ingeniøren, 26 February 2015. Accessed: 26 February 2015.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Kvarts, Thomas. About the seacable (in Danish) Energinet.dk. Accessed: 27 November 2010.
  15. ↑ Kvarts, Thomas. About the landcable (in Danish) Energinet.dk. Accessed: 27 November 2010.
  16. ↑ Damgaard, Poul. About the transformator platform (in Danish) Energinet.dk, 20 August 2010. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.
  17. ↑ Gaardestrup, Rikke Bille. Connection of offshore wind farm Anholt Energinet.dk, 30 November 2009. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Pedersen, Lars Dalsgård. DONG sells half of Anholt wind farm Energy Supply, 28 March 2011. Accessed: 10 December 2011.
  20. ↑ Sanne Wittrup. "Bonus for new pattern of turbines" (in Danish) Ingeniøren, 2 May 2011. Accessed: 4 September 2013.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Newsletter-May2013
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Anholf Offshore wind farm in 4C Offshore Retrieved 27 August 2013
  28. ↑ "VIPs cut ribbon at 400MW Anholt" Recharge News, 4 September 2013. Accessed: 4 September 2013.
  29. ↑ Wittrup, Sanne. "Fejl på søkabel stopper Anholt Havmøllepark i tre uger " Ingeniøren, 23 February 2015. Accessed: 23 February 2015.
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