Ansar (Islam)

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For other uses, see Ansar.

Ansar (Arabic: الأنصار‎‎ al-Anṣār, "The Helpers") is an Islamic term that literally means "helpers" and denotes the Medinan citizens that helped the Islamic prophet, Muhammad and the Muhajirun on the arrival to the city after the migration to Medina and fought in the cause of Islam. They belonged to two main tribes of Azd, the Banu Khazraj and the Banu Aus. Azd is the same tribe that Ghamd tribe and Zahran tribe belong to.

List

The following Ansari are known by name:

Banu Khazraj

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Banu Aus

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Uncategorized

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Battles where the Ansar helped Muhammad

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Main article: List of expeditions of Muhammad

The Ansar helped Muhammad in several battles. One of the earliest battles they helped him in was the Invasion of Buwat. A month after the raid at al-Abwa that was ordered by Muhammad, he personally led two hundred men including Muhajirs and Ansars to Bawat, a place on the caravan route of the Quraysh merchants. A herd of fifteen hundred camels was proceeding, accompanied by one hundred riders under the leadership of Umayyah ibn Khalaf, a Quraysh. The purpose of the raid was to plunder this rich Quraysh caravan. No battle took place and the raid resulted in no booty. This was due the caravan taking an untrodden unknown route. Muhammad then went up to Dhat al-Saq, in the desert of al-Khabar. He prayed there and a mosque was built at the spot. This was the first raid where a few Ansars took part. [14][15]

After the death of Muhammad

During the tenure of Caliphates after Muhammad, the Ansar mainly became important military elements in many conquests, (as indicated with the appointing of Thabit, bin Qays bin Shammas, an orator of Ansar), to lead Ansaris in support of Khalid ibn al-Walid in the Battle of Buzakha[16] at the time of Caliph Abu Bakr. Later they also played a prominent role in the Battle of Yamama where Ansars under Al Bara bin Malik Al Ansari charged at a perilous moment of the battle marking its turning point.[17] The battle of Yamama is also where the Ansar's most prominent warrior, Abu Dujana, fell.

In the year 24/645, during the caliphate of Uthman Ibn Affan, prominent Ansaris also held major positions like Al-Bara' ibn `Azib who was made governor of al-Ray (in Persia). He eventually retired to Kūfā and there he died in the year 71/690.[18]

During the Umayyad era the Ansar became somewhat of an opposing political faction of the regime.[19][20] They are described as closely affiliated with the Makhzum Clan Contingent rather than with the incumbent Umayyad. Such Ansar-Makhzum connections are described as forming a new elite local political hegemony in Hejaz[21]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ William Montgomery Watt, Muhammad at Medina, Oxford, 1966.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Tarikh al-Yaqubi, as quoted in Peshawar Nights. Also, a list composed of sources such as Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and Al-Baladhuri, each in his Tarikh. Muhammad ibn Khwand in his Rawdatu 's-safa and, Ibn 'Abd al-Barr in his The Comprehensive Compilation of the Names of the Prophet's Companions
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Sahih al-Bukhari, 3:34:439
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ History of the Caliphs by al-Suyuti
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ List of Battles of Muhammad
  16. ↑ The History of al-Tabari Vol. 10: The Conquest of Arabia: The Riddah Wars A.D. 632-633/A.H. 11
  17. ↑ Golden Stories of Accepted Prayers By Abdul Malik Mujahid
  18. ↑ Khatib Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, vol.1, pg.177
  19. ↑ Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic-Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition By Wen-chin Ouyang
  20. ↑ The History of al-Tabari Vol. 26: The Waning of the Umayyad Caliphate Footnote by W. Montgomery Watt
  21. ↑ The Religious Elite of the Early Islamic Ḥijāz: Five Prosopographical Case Studies by Asad Q. Ahmed
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