Armstrong Whitworth Atalanta
| AW.15 Atalanta | |
|---|---|
| 300px | |
| Role | airliner |
| Manufacturer | Sir W.G. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft Limited |
| First flight | 5 June 1932 |
| Introduction | 1933 |
| Retired | 1942 |
| Primary users | Imperial Airways Royal Air Force Indian Air Force |
| Number built | 8 |
The Armstrong Whitworth AW.15 Atalanta was a 1930s British four-engine airliner built by Sir W.G. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft Limited at Coventry.
Contents
Design and development
The AW.15 Atalanta was designed to meet a 1930 Imperial Airways requirement for an airliner for its African lines, in particular for the service between Kisumu in Kenya and Cape Town, South Africa. The specification called for an airliner that could carry nine passengers, three crew and a load of freight for 400 mi (640 km), cruising at 115 mph (185 km/h) at 9,000 ft (2,740 m). As Imperial Airways had decided to standardise on four-engined aircraft to prevent the failure of a single engine causing forced landings, the specification required four engines.[1] The prototype, G-ABPI, was named Atalanta and first flew on 6 June 1932,[2] flown by Alan Campbell-Orde.
The Atalanta was a high-wing monoplane with four 340 hp (250 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Serval III ten-cylinder radial engines. Its composite construction included steel, plywood and fabric; the undercarriage was fixed but was streamlined to minimize drag. The overall design of the aircraft was rather modern, and somewhat closed the performance gap between British and American airliners.[3]
The aircraft had few design flaws and any teething problems were quickly overcome. The prototype was flown to Croydon Airport for acceptance by Imperial Airways, and on 26 September 1932, it flew a commercial service from Croydon to Brussels and Cologne.[4]
The Atalanta could carry up to 17 passengers but Imperial Airlines limited the seating to nine for the planes on the Indian route and 11 on the African route.
On 20 October 1932, the prototype was damaged in a test flight due to fuel starvation. Armstrong Whitworth was embarrassed by the accident and renamed the third production machine (G-ABTI, Arethusa) as Atalanta, hoping nobody would notice the swap.[5]
Operational history
Imperial Airways ordered eight aircraft which had all been delivered by 1933. The first service was flown from Croydon Airport to Brussels and then Cologne on 26 September 1932. The prototype G-ABPI left Croydon Airport on 5 January 1933 on a proving flight to Cape Town, South Africa. Three other aircraft joined it in South Africa to fly the service between Cape Town and Kisumu, although they proved to be too small for the traffic. On 1 July 1933, an Atalanta flew the first direct air mail service between London and Karachi. Two Indian-registered and two British-registered aircraft operated a Karachi-Calcutta service with was later extended to Rangoon and Singapore.
On 29 May 1933, G-ABTL flew through to Melbourne, Australia (arriving on 30 June) on a route survey flight.
Imperial withdrew the Atalanta from its African routes in 1937, with two being leased by Wilson Airways for operations in Kenya until July 1938. The African Atalantas were then transferred to India.[6]
Three aircraft were lost before the Second World War and the remaining five aircraft were taken over by BOAC. In March 1941, they were impressed into use by the Royal Air Force in India, being used to ferry reinforcements to Iraq in response to the Rashid Ali uprising.[6] In December 1941 they were handed over to the Indian Air Force for use on coastal reconnaissance duties, armed with a single .303 in (7.7 mm) machine gun operated by the navigator. The last patrol was flown on 30 August 1942 and the two survivors were transferred to transport duties where they continued in use until June 1944.[3][7][8]
Operators
Civil operators
- Indian Trans-Continental Airways
Military operators
Aircraft names and registrations
- Atalanta (c/n 740; G-ABPI, renamed Arethusa; later VT-AEF, DG453)
- Andromeda (c/n 741; G-ABTH)
- Arethusa (c/n 742; G-ABTI, renamed Atalanta; later DG451)
- Artemis (c/n 743; G-ABTJ; later DG452)
- Athena (c/n 744; G-ABTK)
- Astraea (c/n 784; G-ABTL; later DG450)
- Amalthea (c/n 785; G-ABTG)
- Aurora (c/n 786; G-ABTM, later VT-AEG, DG454)
Specifications
Data from Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft since 1913[9]
General characteristics
- Crew: 3
- Capacity: 9–17 passengers
- Length: 71 ft 6 in (21.79 m)
- Wingspan: 90 ft 0 in (27.43 m)
- Height: 14 ft 0 in[nb 1] (4.27 m)
- Wing area: 1,285 ft² (119.38 m²)
- Empty weight: 14,832lb (6,728 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 21,000 lb (9,526 kg)
- Powerplant: 4 × Armstrong Siddeley Serval III 10-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial engine, 340 hp (254 kw) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 156 mph (136 knots, 251 km/h) at 3,000 ft (910 m)
- Cruise speed: 118 mph (103 knots, 190 km/h) at 9,000 ft (2,740 ft)
- Range: 640 miles (557 knots, 1,030 km)
- Service ceiling: 14,200 ft (4,328 m)
- Rate of climb: 700 ft/min[12] (3.6 m/s)
- Climb to 9,000 ft (2,740 m): 21 min 30 sec
See also
- Related lists
References
- Footnotes
- Notes
- ↑ Tapper 1988, p. 219.
- ↑ Tapper 1988, p. 224.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Airlines and Airliners: Armstrong Whitworth Atalanta." century-of-flight.net. Retrieved: 2 July 2010.
- ↑ Williams Aeroplane Monthly October 1980, pp. 510–511.
- ↑ Tapper 1988, p. 227.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Williams Aeroplane Monthly November 1980, p. 568.
- ↑ Williams Aeroplane Monthly November 1980, pp. 568, 570.
- ↑ Warne 1985, p. 5.
- ↑ Tapper 1988, pp. 253–254.
- ↑ Tapper 1988, p.253.
- ↑ Flight 6 July 1932, p.621.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Jackson 1974, p. 54.
- Bibliography
- "The A.W. X.V Monoplane." Flight, 8 July 1932, pp. 619–623.
- "The A.W. X.V Monoplane" (continued). Flight, 15 July 1932, pp. 661–665.
- The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985.
- Jackson, A.J. British Civil Aircraft Since 1919, Volume 1. London: Putnam, 1974. ISBN 0-370-10006-9.
- Tapper, Oliver. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft since 1913. London: Putnam, 1988. ISBN 0-85177-826-7.
- Warne, D. W. "In Defence of India". Air Enthusiast, Twenty-eight, July–October 1985. pp. 1–7. ISSN 0143-5450.
- Williams, Ray. "Atalanta - Part 1". Aeroplane Monthly, October 1980, Vol 8 No 10. pp. 506–511. ISSN 0143-7240.
- Williams, Ray. "Atalanta - Part 2". Aeroplane Monthly, November 1980, Vol 8 No 11. pp. 564–570. ISSN 0143-7240.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Armstrong Whitworth Atalanta. |
- [1] Photo of 'Aurora' from the archives of Captain RP Mollard who flew mail with it to Darwin in 1934
