Auguste de Beauharnais

Auguste de Beauharnais
Duke of Santa Cruz
File:G. Dury - Portrait of Dom Augusto, Duke of Leuchtenberg - Google Art Project.jpg
Prince consort of Portugal
Tenure	26 January 1835 – 28 March 1835
Prince of Eichstätt
Reign	21 February 1824 – 1833
Predecessor	Eugène de Beauharnais
Duke of Leuchtenberg
Tenure	21 February 1824 – 28 March 1835
Predecessor	Eugène de Beauharnais
Successor	Maximilian de Beauharnais
Born	(1810-12-09)9 December 1810 Milan, Lombardy
Died	Lisbon, Portugal
Burial	Royal Pantheon of the House of Braganza
Spouse	Maria II of Portugal
Full name Auguste Charles Eugène Napoléon de Beauharnais
House	Beauharnais
Father	Eugène de Beauharnais
Mother	Princess Augusta of Bavaria
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Auguste de Beauharnais (9 December 1810 – 28 March 1835) was the first prince consort of Maria II of Portugal. He was also Duke of Leuchtenberg, Prince of Eichstätt, and Duke of Santa Cruz in his own right.

Family

Auguste Charles Eugène Napoléon de Beauharnais was born in Milan, Lombardy, he was the eldest son of Eugène de Beauharnais, Napoleon I's stepson, and Princess Augusta of Bavaria. His dynastic connections were exceptional, considering his paternal lineage: among his sisters were Joséphine, Queen consort of Oscar I of Sweden, and Amélie, Empress consort of his future father-in-law Pedro I of Brazil. Later, his brother Maximilian would wed Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia, eldest daughter of Tsar Nicholas I.

Duke of Leuchtenberg

His maternal grandfather, King Maximilian I of Bavaria, had given Eugène the title "Duke of Leuchtenberg" on 14 November 1817, after the loss in 1815 of his Napoleonic titles and the associated expectancies of the Kingdom of Italy and the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt. Despite the promise of an independent principality inserted into the final treaty, the Congress of Vienna adjourned without creating a state for Eugène, so Auguste and his siblings had no inheritance. To the empty Leuchtenberg ducal title had been added the estate of Eichstätt in dowry, made a nominal principality, also by King Maximilian. Eugène's eldest son Auguste was heir to this modest property, which he inherited when Eugène died on 21 February 1824.

On 4 February 1831 Leuchtenberg was one of three candidates for the throne of the newly independent Belgium, his Napoleonic connections allaying the concerns of some of the Great Powers worried that the breakaway Roman Catholic realm might otherwise ally itself too closely with the likewise Catholic and revolutionary "bourgeois monarchy" of Orléans France. But in the election by the Belgian National Congress, Auguste came in second after the younger son of the King of the French, Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours, though ahead of the Habsburg candidate, Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen. In the event, none of these men attained the Belgian throne, which went to Britain's candidate, the freshly widowed, wily Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg.

He escorted his sister Amélie to Brazil for her marriage to Emperor Pedro I and was created by his new brother-in-law, Duke of Santa Cruz on 5 November 1829.

Prince Consort of Portugal

File:Blason d'Auguste de Leuchtenberg.svg

Coat of Arms of Auguste.

On 26 May 1834, young Queen Maria II of Portugal was restored to the throne of Portugal, gifted to her by the abdication – and subsequent conquest in war – of her father, Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, who had to do battle against the usurpation of his rebellious younger brother, Dom Miguel.

Maria's childhood betrothal to Dom Miguel was broken so that a more pliant husband could be found to beget a new Portuguese dynasty, one whose loyalty might prove more trustworthy if he had no other prospects, such that he would be entirely beholden for his dynastic fortune to Portugal's constitutional regime. The Queen obligingly settled on Auguste de Beauharnais who, once again, proved unthreatening to the Great Powers because of his lack of membership in an already reigning dynasty and lack of conflicting foreign obligations or ambitions. He was also the eldest brother of Maria's stepmother Empress Amélie, her late father's second wife.

Auguste and Maria II were married by proxy in Munich on 1 December 1834. The groom was almost twenty-four years old and the bride only fifteen years old. On his wedding day his bride conferred upon him the Portuguese style of "His Royal Highness The Prince Consort of Portugal".

He arrived in Portugal shortly thereafter and the couple were wed in person in Lisbon on 26 January 1835. However Auguste fell ill and died only two months later.

Childless at the time of his death, Auguste left as heir in Bavaria his younger brother, who became the 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg, and briefly Auguste's successor in ownership of Eichstätt which, however, he returned to the Bavarian king in 1855 upon deciding to make his home in Russia, the realm of his own father-in-law.

A year later Maria II would marry Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, a nephew of the Coburg prince who had beat out her first husband in competition for the constitutional crown of Belgium.

Because Auguste died before fathering an heir to the Portuguese throne, he never became Maria's co-monarch, which Maria's next husband did in 1837, becoming founder of the Coburg-Braganza dynasty.

Ancestry

Family of Auguste de Beauharnais

16. Claude de Beauharnais, comte des Roches-Baritaud               8. François, marquis de la Ferté-Beauharnais                       17. Renée Hardouineau de Laudanière               4. Alexandre, vicomte de Beauharnais                             18. François-Louis de Pyvart de Chastullé               9. Marie Anne Henriette Françoise de Pyvart de Chastullé                       19. Jeanne Hardouineau de Laudanière               2. Eugène de Beauharnais, 1st Duke of Leuchtenberg                                   20. Gaspard Joseph Tascher de la Pagerie               10. Joseph-Gaspard Tascher de la Pagerie                       21. Françoise Bourreau de la Chevalerie               5. Joséphine Tascher de La Pagerie, ex-Empress of the French                             22. Joseph François des Vergers de Sannois               11. Rose-Claire des Vergers de Sannois                       23. Catherine Marie Browne               1. Auguste de Beauharnais                                         24. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken               12. Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken                       25. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken               6. King Maximilian I of Bavaria                             26. Joseph Charles, Count Palatine of Sulzbach               13. Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach                       27. Countess Palatine Elizabeth Augusta Sophie of Neuburg               3. Princess Amalia Augusta of Bavaria                                   28. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt               14. Landgrave George William of Hesse-Darmstadt                       29. Countess Charlotte Christine Magdalene Johanna of Hanau               7. Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt                             30. Christian Karl Reinhard, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg               15. Countess Marie Luise of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Heidesheim                       31. Countess Katharina Polyxena of Solms-Rödelheim

External links

• A listing of the Ducal family of Leuchtenberg at the Wayback Machine (archived October 28, 2009)

Auguste de Beauharnais House of Beauharnais Born: 9 December 1810 Died: 28 March 1835
German nobility
Preceded by Eugène de Beauharnais	Duke of Leuchtenberg 21 February 1824 – 28 March 1835	Succeeded by Maximilian de Beauharnais
	Prince of Eichstätt 21 February 1824 – 1833	Reverted back to Crown
Portuguese royalty
Vacant Title last held by Maria Leopoldina of Austria	Royal consort of Portugal 26 January – 28 March 1835	Vacant Title next held by Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha