Austrian presidential election, 2016
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Turnout | 72.75% | |||||||||||||||
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Presidential elections were held in Austria on 24 April 2016, with a second round run-off on 22 May 2016.[1] The President of Austria is directly elected by universal adult suffrage once every six years. The election is held under a two-round system; if no candidate receives more than 50% of votes cast in the first round, then a second ballot occurs in which only those two candidates who received the greatest number of votes in the first round may stand. The constitution grants the president the power to appoint the head of the federal cabinet and, by extension, federal cabinet ministers, Supreme Court justices, military officers, and most major bureaucrats. The president may dissolve the National Council. In practice, however, the president acts as a figurehead.
Incumbent president Heinz Fischer had served two terms and was not eligible to be elected for a third successive term. In the first round of the election, Norbert Hofer of the Freedom Party of Austria received the most votes. Alexander Van der Bellen, a member of the Austrian Greens contesting as an independent, placed second. The candidates of the two governing parties, the Social Democratic and Austrian People's parties, placed fourth and fifth respectively, behind independent Irmgard Griss in third place. Since no candidate received a majority of the vote, Hofer and Van der Bellen went head-to-head in the second round in May. This was the first time since the Second World War that an Austrian president had not been backed by either the People's or the Social Democratic party.[2] During the run-off, Van der Bellen defeated Hofer on 23 May 2016 after the postal ballots were counted.[3]
Candidates
Social Democratic Party (SPÖ)
The most likely candidate of the Social Democratic Party was considered to be Labour Minister Rudolf Hundstorfer, though President of the National Council Doris Bures, former Chancellor Franz Vranitzky and former undersecretary for EU affairs de were also mentioned.[4][5] On 15 January 2016, Hundstorfer was officially announced as the SPÖ's candidate.[6]
Austrian People's Party (ÖVP)
Justice Minister de declined to stand on 26 December 2015.[7] On 7 January 2016, ÖVP leader Reinhold Mitterlehner announced that Erwin Pröll, the Landeshauptmann of Lower Austria, would not be running.[8] Josef Pühringer, Landeshauptmann of Upper Austria declined to stand on 8 January 2016,[9] as did former European Commissioner Franz Fischler and Member of the European Parliament Othmar Karas. President of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber Christoph Leitl only said he would not comment before the announcement by the party leadership on 10 January 2016.[10] Controversial former chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel was briefly considered as a candidate, but he also declined.[11] Other names mentioned were former Science Minister and university professor de , former Foreign Minister Ursula Plassnik and former Raiffeisen Zentralbank manager de .[12][13][14] On 10 January 2016, former first president of the National Council Andreas Khol was announced as the ÖVP's candidate.[15]
Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ)
Norbert Hofer, who serves as the Third President of the National Council, had been considered the most likely FPÖ candidate. On 28 December 2015 he said that he considered himself too young for the office and that he would prefer his party to pick someone else as its candidate.[16] Possible candidates include president of the Austrian Court of Audit de , former district mayor of Vienna's 1st District Ursula Stenzel,[17] ombudsman de[18] and possibly party leader Heinz-Christian Strache himself.[19] As of 11 January 2016, Fichtenbauer, Moser and Stenzel continued to be the most likely candidates.[20] Strache announced on 13 January 2016 that he would not be running himself, and that it was still open whether the FPÖ would nominate anyone at all.[21] In mid-January, Vienna vice-mayor de and former FPÖ leader and former vice-chancellor Norbert Steger were also mentioned as possible candidates.[22] On 19 January 2016, author and Middle East/migration pundit de was mentioned as being recruited by the FPÖ to run,[23] which she quickly declined.[24][25]
On 20 January 2016, media reported that Gudenus had been internally selected as the FPÖ's candidate;[26] on 26 January 2016, reports claimed Stenzel would be announced on 28 January 2016 as the FPÖ's candidate.[27] Amid strong FPÖ-internal dissent, there were rumours the party leadership had been forced to reconsider, and that Hofer was now the most likely option, after all,[28] with Gudenus also still in play.[29] Commentators opined that the backtracking was a notable defeat for Strache.[30][31] Hofer was announced as the FPÖ's candidate on 28 January 2016.[32]
The Greens – The Green Alternative
In early January 2016, it was announced that former Greens party leader Alexander Van der Bellen would not be running as the official Greens' candidate, as that would have required a party convention decision; this was also framed as an attempt to put personality above party politics in the election.[33] Van der Bellen announced his candidacy on 8 January 2016 in a YouTube video.[34] NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum leader Strolz stated that they would consider giving him the same support as Griss, depending on the same kind of hearing she went through.[35]
Other candidates
Independent candidate Irmgard Griss, a former Supreme Court of Justice judge and its president, declared her candidacy on 17 December 2015. She presented her candidacy to the Freedom Party of Austria and NEOS, but both declined to endorse her.[36] NEOS said they would support Griss and any other independent candidates indirectly, and voiced their concerns over the strong partisan politicization of the presidential office and the election campaign.[37] NEOS leader de stated on 9 February 2016 that NEOS might also support Van der Bellen, voicing his preference for a run-off election between Griss and Van der Bellen.[38]
Richard Lugner, society figure, businessman and candidate for president in 1998, was reported to be considering running again,[39] and stated on 8 February 2016 that he would very likely be running.[40] He announced his candidacy on 10 February 2016, citing a poll carried out for him by the Humaninstitut which showed him on 10% (behind Van der Bellen on 27%, Hundstorfer on 18%, Hofer on 17%, Griss at 15% and Khol on 13%).[41] Martin Wabl, who had attempted to run in 1998, 2004 and 2010, but failed to gather the necessary number of signatures of support, said he would try to run again.[42] Ulrich Habsburg-Lothringen, whose initiative to repeal the so-called Habsburg Paragraph, which had precluded members of the former ruling house from running for president, proved successful in 2011, stated he would like to run for president, but only if a political party decided to support him.[43] Adrien Jean-Pierre Luxemburg-Wellenstein announced on 8 December 2015 he would run for president.[44] Author de announced her run on 12 January 2016.[45] Krems activist Franz Stieger announced his candidacy on 13 January 2016.[46] Further independent candidates who announced their runs were Gustav Jobstmann,[47] Thomas Unden,[48] Gernot Pointner,[49] Alois Merz,[50] Georg Zakrajsek of the Interessengemeinschaft Liberales Waffenrecht Österreich,[51] Karin Kolland,[52][53] de of the EU Exit Party,[54] Thomas Reitmayer of the Austrian version of the satirical political party Die PARTEI,[55] Erich Körner-Lakatos and Peter Fetz.
At the half-way point for collecting signatures, it appeared that only the five major candidates and possibly Lugner and Awadalla had a chance of making the ballot.[56]
Signatures
Griss was the first candidate to submit the necessary amount of signatures (6,000) at the Interior Ministry, submitting 7,851 on 8 March 2016.[57] By 11 March 2016, she had collected over 10,000 signatures.[58] By 16 March 2016, two days before the deadline, the five main candidates had submitted their signatures, with Awadalla still having outside chances to make it and Lugner likely to fall short.[59]
Surprising many observers, Marschall announced on 17 March 2016 that he had gathered the required number of signatures,[60] though it was unclear whether he would be using the grace period of three days to reach the required amount; Lugner also submitted his bid, but falling short of the required signatures, promising to submit the remaining amount within the grace period. Besides these two, only the five main candidates submitted successful bids.[61] On 19 March 2016, it was announced that the five main candidates had submitted the necessary amount of signatures, and that neither Lugner nor Marschall had (so far).[62] As expected by many analysts, Lugner claimed on 22 March 2016 to have made up the deficit, with Marschall clearly failing,[63] having gathered only 1,150 signatures.[64]
Voter statistics
According to the federal election commission, 6,382,507 Austrian citizens aged 16 or over are eligible to vote in the presidential election. Compared with the 2010 presidential election, the number of eligible voters increased by 26,707 - or 0.4% . There are 3,301,628 women and 3,080,879 men eligible to vote. 42,830 Austrians living abroad are also included in these numbers as being eligible to vote.[65] In the first round of voting, 641,975 absentee ballots were issued - up from 373.902 in 2010. For the runoff, a record number of 885,437 absentee ballots were issued.[66][67]
Eligible voters by state:
- Burgenland: 232,028
- Carinthia: 440,435
- Lower Austria: 1,283,676
- Upper Austria: 1,099,420
- Salzburg: 393,583
- Styria: 969,487
- Tyrol: 540,132
- Vorarlberg: 269,940
- Vienna: 1,153,806
Results
Hofer, the Freedom Party candidate, won the first round of the election on April 24 with an unexpectedly strong 35 percent of the vote.[68] Van der Bellen came second with 21 percent, and since Hofer failed to gain a majority the election proceeded to a run-off vote between the two, scheduled for May 22. Independent Irmgard Griss came third with 19 percent, while Khol and Hundstorfer, representing the two governing parties, polled 11 percent each. The result was described as a "political earthquake"[69] and a "historic upset".[68]
The provisional result on 22 May gave Hofer 51.9% of votes; this was however without counting the absentee ballots, which were expected to favour Van der Bellen. Hence the winner was unclear until the absentee ballots were counted on Monday 23 May.[70][71] The provisional result with absentee ballots gave Van der Bellen 50.3%. He will succeed Heinz Fischer as president on 8 July 2016.[72]
The Kronen Zeitung reported of some election irregularities such as a 146.9% turnout in Waidhofen an der Ybbs and another impossible result in Linz.[73] According to the head of the Interior Ministry's election department, Robert Stein, the results will be corrected.[73] FPÖ officials highlighted the discrepancies, but Hofer dismissed that there had been electoral fraud.[74]
Summary
Candidates (party membership) | 1st round (official results) | 2nd round (preliminary results) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
Norbert Hofer (Freedom Party of Austria) | 1,499,971 | 35.1 | 2,223,458 | 49.7 | |
Alexander Van der Bellen (The Greens) | 913,218 | 21.3 | 2,254,484 | 50.3 | |
Irmgard Griss (independent) | 810,641 | 18.9 | |||
Rudolf Hundstorfer (Social Democratic Party of Austria) | 482,790 | 11.3 | |||
Andreas Khol (Austrian People's Party) | 475,767 | 11.1 | |||
Richard Lugner (independent) | 96,783 | 2.3 | |||
Valid votes | 4,279,170 | 100.0 | 4,477,942 | 100.0 | |
Invalid votes | 92,655 | 2.1 | 165,212 | 3.6 | |
Total votes | 4,371,825 | 68.5 | 4,643,154 | 72.7 | |
Eligible voters | 6,382,507 | ||||
Source: Bundesministerium für Inneres |
First round results by state, district and municipality
State | Griss | Hofer | Hundstorfer | Khol | Lugner | Van der Bellen | Valid votes |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Total | |
Burgenland | 21,870 | 12.44 | 73,676 | 41.90 | 30,802 | 17.52 | 22,910 | 13.03 | 3,317 | 1.89 | 23,278 | 13.24 | 175,853 |
Carinthia | 65,400 | 22.92 | 110,776 | 38.83 | 38,714 | 13.57 | 19,782 | 6.93 | 9,704 | 3.40 | 40,934 | 14.35 | 285,310 |
Lower Austria | 168,148 | 17.47 | 342,568 | 35.59 | 114,577 | 11.90 | 136,697 | 14.20 | 26,064 | 2.71 | 174,569 | 18.13 | 962,623 |
Salzburg | 47,856 | 17.97 | 99,476 | 37.35 | 26,200 | 9.84 | 35,038 | 13.15 | 6,054 | 2.27 | 51,735 | 19.42 | 266,359 |
Styria | 143,176 | 21.76 | 255,552 | 38.84 | 67,945 | 10.33 | 63,866 | 9.71 | 13,511 | 2.05 | 113,877 | 17.31 | 657,927 |
Tyrol | 59,372 | 19.24 | 109,552 | 35.51 | 18,796 | 6.09 | 38,969 | 12.63 | 6,660 | 2.16 | 75,190 | 24.37 | 308,539 |
Upper Austria | 131,013 | 17.47 | 263,487 | 35.13 | 88,419 | 11.79 | 99,432 | 13.26 | 14,259 | 1.90 | 153,436 | 20.46 | 750,046 |
Vienna | 138,577 | 19.09 | 200,933 | 27.67 | 91,030 | 12.54 | 43,627 | 6.01 | 14,131 | 1.95 | 237,765 | 32.75 | 726,063 |
Vorarlberg | 35,229 | 24.06 | 43,951 | 30.01 | 6,307 | 4.31 | 15,446 | 10.55 | 3,083 | 2.11 | 42,434 | 28.98 | 146,450 |
Total valid | 810,641 | 18.94 | 1,499,971 | 35.05 | 482,790 | 11.28 | 475,767 | 11.12 | 96,783 | 2.26 | 913,218 | 21.34 | 4,279,170 |
Second round results by state, district and municipality
State | Hofer | Van der Bellen | Valid votes |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | Total | |
Burgenland | 107,128 | 61.43 | 67,249 | 38.57 | 174,377 |
Carinthia | 169,564 | 58.10 | 122,299 | 41.90 | 291,863 |
Lower Austria | 513,814 | 52.62 | 462,622 | 47.38 | 976,436 |
Salzburg | 144,938 | 52.80 | 129,569 | 47.20 | 274,507 |
Styria | 381,955 | 56.22 | 297,400 | 43.78 | 679,355 |
Tyrol | 169,587 | 48.61 | 179,281 | 51.39 | 348,868 |
Upper Austria | 376,647 | 48.68 | 397,119 | 51.32 | 773,766 |
Vienna | 288,608 | 36.68 | 498,168 | 63.32 | 786,776 |
Vorarlberg | 71,217 | 41.41 | 100,777 | 58.59 | 171,994 |
Total valid | 2,223,458 | 49.65 | 2,254,484 | 50.35 | 4,477,942 |
Opinion polls
First round
Publication date | Poll source | Sample size | 60x90px | Others/ Undecided |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hundstorfer SPÖ |
Khol ÖVP |
Hofer FPÖ |
Van der Bellen Greens |
Griss Ind. |
Lugner Ind. |
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2016 | |||||||||
24 Apr | Election | — | 11 | 11 | 35 | 21 | 19 | 2 | — |
20 Apr | MindTake Research/Servus TV | 504 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 35.6 | 26.9 | 18.3 | 4.3 | — |
19 Apr | meinungsraum.at | 600 | 14 | 9 | 22 | 26 | 24 | 5 | — |
18 Apr | OGM/Kurier | 889 | 15 | 11 | 24 | 25 | 22 | 3 | — |
13 Apr | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 16 | 11 | 24 | 26 | 20 | 3 | — |
8 Apr | Hajek/ATV | 700 | 14 | 12 | 24 | 27 | 19 | 4 | — |
8 Apr | OGM/Bundesländerzeitungen | 1,013 | 17 | 13 | 22 | 24 | 21 | 2 | — |
7 Apr | Unique Research/Heute | 800 | 14 | 12 | 23 | 29 | 18 | 4 | — |
6 Apr | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 14 | 12 | 23 | 26 | 21 | 4 | — |
24 Mar | Spectra/ORF | 1,000 | 14 | 13 | 21 | 29 | 19 | 4 | — |
24 Mar | SORA/ORF | 1,000 | 14 | 12 | 21 | 30 | 20 | 3 | — |
24 Mar | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 17 | 13 | 21 | 25 | 19 | 5 | — |
Polls conducted ahead of the release of the official list of candidates | |||||||||
24 Mar | IMAS/Kronen Zeitung | 1,017 | 21 | 15 | 21 | 19 | 13 | 7 | 4 |
23 Mar | OGM/Team Griss | 1,019 | 19 | 10 | 22 | 26 | 20 | — | 3 |
10 Mar | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 26 | 19 | 4 | — |
27 Feb | GfK/Salzburger Nachrichten | 1,800 | 19–20 | 19–20 | 16–17 | 24–25 | 18–19 | — | 2 |
25 Feb | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 16 | 14 | 19 | 27 | 19 | 5 | — |
5 Feb | Hajek/ATV | 700 | 15 | 17 | 20 | 29 | 18 | — | — |
15 | 17 | 18 | 29 | 17 | 3 | — | |||
4 Feb | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 17 | 13 | 19 | 28 | 22 | — | — |
17 | 13 | 18 | 27 | 19 | 7 | — | |||
30 Jan | OGM/Kurier | 504 | 23 | 14 | 17 | 26 | 20 | — | — |
28 Jan | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 17 | 15 | 8 | 33 | 27 | — | — |
<templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Publication date | Poll source | Sample size | 60x90px | Others/ Undecided |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hundstorfer SPÖ |
Bures SPÖ |
Khol ÖVP |
Pröll ÖVP |
Leitl ÖVP |
Hofer FPÖ |
Moser FPÖ |
Strache FPÖ |
Van der Bellen Greens |
Griss Ind. |
Lugner Ind. |
||||
2016 | ||||||||||||||
22 Jan | Unique Research/Heute | 500 | 15 | — | 13 | — | — | — | — | 18 | 32 | 21 | — | 1 |
16 | — | 16 | — | — | 13 | 31 | 22 | — | 2 | |||||
17 Jan | meinungsraum.at/ORF Im Zentrum | 500 | 16 | — | 19 | — | — | — | 4 | — | 33 | 28 | — | — |
14 Jan | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 16 | — | 19 | — | — | — | 3 | — | 31 | 31 | — | — |
13 | — | 16 | — | — | — | — | 21 | 25 | 20 | 5 | — | |||
2015 | ||||||||||||||
22 Dec | M&R-Institut/NÖN | 1,000 | 32.6 | — | — | 43.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 24.4 |
— | — | — | 46.4 | — | — | — | — | 34.5 | — | — | 19.1 | |||
— | — | — | 40.1 | — | — | — | — | — | 35.0 | — | 24.9 | |||
19 Dec | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 12 | — | — | 19 | — | — | 9 | — | 29 | 31 | — | — |
29 Nov | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 23 | — | — | 31 | — | 10 | — | — | 36 | — | — | — |
Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | — | 21 | — | — | 27 | 11 | — | — | 41 | — | — | — | ||
25 Oct | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | — | 20 | — | — | 29 | 9 | — | — | 39 | — | — | 3 |
25 Aug | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 18 | — | — | 26 | — | 13 | — | — | 41 | — | — | 2 |
2014 | ||||||||||||||
20 Jul | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 25 | — | — | 36 | — | 10 | — | — | 29 | — | — | — |
<templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Publication date | Poll source | Sample size | Region | 60x90px | Others/ Undecided |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hundstorfer SPÖ |
Khol ÖVP |
Hofer FPÖ |
Van der Bellen Greens |
Griss Ind. |
Lugner Ind. |
|||||
2016 | ||||||||||
11 Apr | Edwin Berndt/Vorarlberger Nachrichten | unknown | Vorarlberg | 14 | 25 | 20 | 18 | 20 | 3 | — |
Second round
Publication date | Poll source | Sample size | Undecided | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hofer FPÖ |
Van der Bellen Greens |
||||||||
22 May | Election | — | 49.65 | 50.35 | — | ||||
12 May | Gallup/Österreich | 600 | 53 | 47 | — | ||||
11 May | MindTake Research/Servus TV | 505 | 52.3 | 47.7 | — | ||||
28 Apr | Gallup/Österreich | 400 | 50 | 50 | — | ||||
Polls conducted ahead of first round (2016) | |||||||||
24 Apr | Hajek/ATV | unknown | 40 | 43 | — | ||||
6 Apr | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH (run-off polls) | 400 | 48 | 52 | — | ||||
10 Mar | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 45 | 55 | — | ||||
25 Feb | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | 42 | 58 | — | ||||
5 Feb | Hajek/ATV (run-off polls) | 700 | 27 | 39 | — |
<templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Publication date | Poll source | Sample size | 60x90px | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hundstorfer SPÖ |
Khol ÖVP |
Hofer FPÖ |
Van der Bellen Greens |
Griss Ind. |
Lugner Ind. |
|||
6 Apr | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH (run-off polls) | 400 | — | — | 49 | — | 51 | — |
— | — | — | 49 | 51 | — | |||
23 Mar | OGM/Team Griss | 1,019 | 30 | — | — | — | 48 | — |
— | 20 | — | — | 52 | — | |||
— | — | 26 | — | 52 | — | |||
— | — | — | 33 | 45 | — | |||
25 Feb | Gallup/ÖSTERREICH | 400 | — | — | — | 56 | 44 | — |
5 Feb | Hajek/ATV (run-off polls) | 700 | 34 | 29 | — | — | — | — |
28 | — | — | 34 | — | — | |||
32 | — | — | — | 34 | — | |||
— | 30 | — | 37 | — | — | |||
— | — | — | 32 | 32 | — |
References
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- ↑ Norbert Hofer (FPÖ) im #zib2 Gespräch zum Jahreswechsel #transkript Neuwal, 28 December 2015
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- ↑ 100.000 Euro: Erste Großspende für Griss' Kampagne Der Standard, 18 December 2015 (German)
- ↑ NEOS begrüßen Griss Kandidatur zur Bundespräsidentin “außerordentlich” Vienna Online, 18 December 2015
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