Autonomous prefectures of China

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Autonomous prefectures (Chinese: 自治州; pinyin: Zìzhìzhōu) are one type of autonomous areas of China, existing at the prefectural level, with either ethnic minorities forming over 50% of the population or being the historic home of significant minorities. All autonomous prefectures are mostly dominated, in population, by the Han Chinese. The official name of an autonomous prefecture includes the most dominant minority in that region, sometimes two, rarely three. For example, a Kazakh (Kazak in official naming system) prefecture may be called Kazak Zizhizhou. Like all other prefectural level divisions, autonomous prefectures are divided into county level divisions. There is one exception: Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture contains two prefectures of its own. Under the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, autonomous prefectures cannot be abolished.

List of autonomous prefectures

Province Name Simplified Chinese and Pinyin Designated minority Local name Capital
Gansu Linxia 临夏回族自治州
Línxià Huízú Zìzhìzhōu
Hui (The Hui speak Chinese)
Xiao'erjing: لٍشِا جُوِذُو ذِجِجِوْ‎
Linxia
Gansu Gannan 甘南藏族自治州
Gānnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu
Tibetan Tibetan: ཀན་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་
Kan-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul
Hezuo
Guizhou Qiandongnan 黔东南苗族侗族自治州
Qiándōngnán Miáozú Dòngzú Zìzhìzhōu
Miao and Dong Hmong: Cheej Toob Naj Mioj Txhwj Toom Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb
Dong: ?
Kaili
Guizhou Qiannan 黔南布依族苗族自治州
Qiánnán Bùyīzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu
Buyei & Miao Buyei: Qianfnanf Buxqyaix Buxyeeuz ziqziqzouy
Hmong: Cheej Naj Pwm Yi Txhwj Mioj Txwj Txim Tsim Tsawb
Duyun
Guizhou Qianxinan 黔西南布依族苗族自治州
Qiánxī'nán Bùyīzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu
Buyei & Miao Buyei: Qianfxiynanf Buxqyaix Buxyeeuz Ziqziqzouy
Hmong: Cheej Xyi Naj Pwm Yi Txhwj Mioj Txwj Txim Tsim Tsawb
Xingyi
Hubei Enshi 恩施土家族苗族自治州
Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu
Tujia & Miao Tujia: ?
Hmong: EE Si Thws Ca Txhwj Mioj Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb
Enshi
Hunan Xiangxi 湘西土家族苗族自治州
Xiāngxī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu
Tujia & Miao Tujia: ?
Hmong: Xyaa Xyi Thws Ca Txhwj Mioj Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb
Jishou
Jilin Yanbian 延边朝鲜族自治州
Yánbiān Cháoxiǎnzú Zìzhìzhōu
Korean Korean: 연변 조선족 자치주
Yeonbyeon Joseonjok Jachiju
Yanji
Qinghai Haibei 海北藏族自治州
Hǎiběi Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu
Tibetan Tibetan: མཚོ་བྱང་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་
Mtsho-byang Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul
Haiyan County
Qinghai Hainan 海南藏族自治州
Hǎinán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu
Tibetan Tibetan: མཚོ་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་
Mtsho-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul
Gonghe County
Qinghai Huangnan 黄南藏族自治州
Huángnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu
Tibetan Tibetan: རྨ་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་
Rma-lho Bod-rigs rang skyong khul
Tongren County
Qinghai Golog 果洛藏族自治州
Guǒluò Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu
Tibetan Tibetan: མགོ་ལོག་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་
Mgo-log Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul
Maqên County
Qinghai Yushu 玉树藏族自治州
Yùshù Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu
Tibetan Tibetan: ཡུལ་ཤུལ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་
Yul-shul Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul
Yushu
Qinghai Haixi 海西蒙古族藏族自治州
Hǎixī Měnggǔzú Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu
Mongol & Tibetan Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ
Borotal a-yin mongγol ebereen öbertegen zasaqu ǰuu
Tibetan: མཚོ་ནུབ་སོག་རིགས་ཆ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་
Mtsho-nub Sog-rigs dang Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul
Delhi
Sichuan Ngawa 阿坝藏族羌族自治州
Ābà Zàngzú Qiāngzú Zìzhìzhōu
Tibetan & Qiang Tibetan: རྔ་བ་བོད་རིགས་ཆ་བ༹ང་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་
Rnga-ba Bod-rigs dang Chavang-rigs rang skyong khul
Qiangic: Ggabba Shbea Rrmea nyujugvez zhou
Barkam
Sichuan Garzê 甘孜藏族自治州
Gānzī Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu
Tibetan Tibetan: དཀར་མཛེས་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་
Dkar-mdzes Bod-rigs rang-skyong khul
Kangding
Sichuan Liangshan 凉山彝族自治州
Liángshān Yízú Zìzhìzhōu
Yi Yi: ꆃꎭꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꍏ
Niepsha Nuosu Zytjiejux dde Zho
Xichang
Xinjiang Kizilsu 克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州
Kèzīlèsū Kē'ěrkèzī Zìzhìzhōu
Kyrgyz Kyrgyz: كىزىلسۋ كىزگىز اۆتونومييالى وبلاستى‎
Kızılsuu Kırgız avtonom oblastı
Artux
Xinjiang Bortala 博尔塔拉蒙古自治州
Bó'ěrtǎlā Měnggǔ Zìzhìzhōu
Mongol Mongolian: ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ
Borotala mongγol ebereen zasaqu ǰuu
Bole
Xinjiang Changji 昌吉回族自治州
Chāngjí Huízú Zìzhìzhōu
Hui (The Hui speak Chinese)
Xiao'erjing: چْاکِ خُوِذُوْ ذِجِجِوْ‎
Changji
Xinjiang Bayingolin 巴音郭楞蒙古自治州
Bāyīnguōlèng Měnggǔ Zìzhìzhōu
Mongol Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ
Bayangol mongγol ebereen zasaqu ǰuu
Korla
Xinjiang Ili
(Altay)
(Tacheng)
伊犁哈萨克自治州
Yīlí Hāsàkè Zìzhìzhōu
(阿勒泰地区)
(Ālètài Dìqū)
(塔城地区)
(Tǎchéng Dìqū)
Kazakh Kazakh: ىله قازاق اۆتونومىيالى وبلىسى‎
İle Qazaq awtonomïyalıq oblısı
(Kazakh: ئالتاي ۋىلايىتى‎)
(Altay aymağı)
(Kazakh: تارباعاتاي ايماعى‎)
(Tarbağatay aymağı)
Yining
(Altay)
(Tacheng)
Yunnan Dehong 德宏傣族景颇族自治州
Déhóng Dǎizú Jǐngpōzú Zìzhìzhōu
Dai & Jingpo Tai Nüa - ᥖᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ
ZaiwaSikung Sam Zaizo Byumyu Yumsing Upkang Mau
Mang
Yunnan Nujiang 怒江傈僳族自治州
Nùjiāng Lìsùzú Zìzhìzhōu
Lisu Lisu: Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture.svg
Nolmut lisu shit jilqait guatshit zhou
Lushui County
Yunnan Dêqên 迪庆藏族自治州
Díqìng Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu
Tibetan Tibetan: བདེ་ཆེན་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་
Bde-chen Bod-rigs rang-skyong khul
Shangri-La
Yunnan Dali 大理白族自治州
Dàlǐ Báizú Zìzhìzhōu
Bai Bai: Darl•lit Baif•cuf zirl•zirl•zox Dali
Yunnan Chuxiong 楚雄彝族自治州
Chǔxióng Yízú Zìzhìzhōu
Yi Yi: ?
? Nuosu Zytjiejux dde Zho
Chuxiong
Yunnan Honghe 红河哈尼族彝族自治州
Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu
Hani & Yi Yi: ?
? ? Nuosu Zytjiejux dde Zho
Hani: Haoqhoqzel
Mengzi
Yunnan Wenshan 文山壮族苗族自治州
Wenshān Zhuàngzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu
Zhuang & Miao Zhuang: Munzsanh Bouxcuengh Myauzcuz Swcicouh
Hmong: Veej Sa Tsuaam Txhwj Mioj Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb
Wenshan
Yunnan Xishuangbanna 西双版纳傣族自治州
Xīshuāngbǎnnà Dǎizú Zìzhìzhōu
Dai Tai Lü: ᦈᦹᧈᦈᦹᧈᦋᦵᦲᧁᦘᦱᦉᦱᦑᦺ᧑᧒ᦗᧃᦓᦱ Jinghong

Ethnic composition of autonomous prefectures (2010)

Note: * - denotes as the second titular ethnic group
Autonomous
Prefecture
Year
created
Province Titular
ethnic group
 % Other
minorities
 % Han % Total
population
Bayingolin Prefecture 1954 Xinjiang Mongol 3.40 Uyghur 31.83 59.29 1,323,028
Bortala Prefecture 1954 Xinjiang Mongol 5.66 Uyghur 13.32 64.96 482,615
Changji Prefecture 1954 Xinjiang Hui 9.52 Kazakh 9.33 75.31 1,412,844
Chuxiong Prefecture 1958 Yunnan Yi 26.70 Lisu 1.98 66.94 2,615,109
Dali Prefecture 1956 Yunnan Bai 32.19 Yi 13.02 50.69 3,525,706
Dehong Prefecture 1953 Yunnan Dai 28.88 Jingpo* 11.09 51.93 1,124,432
Dêqên Prefecture 1957 Yunnan Tibetan 32.36 Lisu 26.72 18.34 357,528
Enshi Prefecture 1983 Hubei Tujia 47.50 Miao* 5.01 45.32 3,976,081
Gannan Prefecture 1953 Gansu Tibetan 54.64 Hui 6.25 38.70 723,521
Garzê Prefecture 1950 Sichuan Tibetan 78.29 Yi 2.66 18.24 1,060,632
Golog Prefecture 1954 Qinghai Tibetan 91.86 Hui 0.96 6.57 173,541
Haibei Prefecture 1953 Qinghai Tibetan 24.36 Hui 31.52 35.88 283,230
Hainan Prefecture 1953 Qinghai Tibetan 66.31 Hui 6.84 24.84 446,849
Haixi Prefecture 1954 Qinghai Mongol 5.53 Tibetan* 10.93 66.01 390,743
Honghe Prefecture 1957 Yunnan Hani 17.55 Yi* 23.19 42.85 4,408,699
Huangnan Prefecture 1953 Qinghai Tibetan 68.55 Mongol 13.98 6.08 254,033
Ili Prefecture 1954 Xinjiang Kazakh 21.53 Uyghur 26.88 35.22 2,814,980
Kizilsu Prefecture 1954 Xinjiang Kyrgyz 27.32 Uyghur 64.68 6.78 539,849
Liangshan Prefecture 1952 Sichuan Yi 49.13 Tibetan 1.39 47.55 4,789,421
Linxia Prefecture 1956 Gansu Hui 31.59 Dongxiang 25.99 39.70 2,103,259
Ngawa Prefecture 1953 Sichuan Tibetan 54.50 Qiang* 17.58 24.56 898,846
Nujiang Prefecture 1954 Yunnan Lisu 48.21 Bai 26.04 12.35 520,765
Qiandongnan Prefecture 1956 Guizhou Miao 41.57 Dong* 29.02 21.73 4,535,015
Qiannan Prefecture 1956 Guizhou Buyei 31.22 Miao* 12.69 44.84 4,037,887
Qianxinan Prefecture 1982 Guizhou Buyei 27.56 Miao* 7.08 60.62 3,398,147
Wenshan Prefecture 1958 Yunnan Miao 13.68 Zhuang* 29.20 42.69 3,703,008
Xiangxi Prefecture 1957 Hunan Tujia 42.73 Miao* 33.85 22.85 2,547,833
Xishuangbanna Prefecture 1953 Yunnan Dai 27.89 Hani 19.01 30.03 942,844
Yanbian Prefecture 1952 Jilin Korean 32.45 Manchu 2.52 64.55 2,190,763
Yushu Prefecture 1951 Qinghai Tibetan 96.49 Hui 0.22 3.09 373,427

Former autonomous prefectures of China

Administrative prefecture level units with a population of 30% or more of ethnic minorities

Excluding prefecture level units of autonomous regions in 2000.
  • Hebei: Chengde (Han - 55.32%, Manchu - 39.87%)
  • Liaoning: Benxi (Han - 66.84%, Manchu - 30.22%), Dandong(Han - 64.11%, Manchu - 32.99%)
  • Hunan: Zhangjiajie (Tujia - 68.40%, Han - 22.81%), Huaihua (Han - 61.33%, Dong - 17.42%, Miao - 15.63%)
  • Guizhou: Anshun (Han - 61.6%, Buyei - 16.92%, Miao - 14.27%), Tongren (Tujia - 37.81%, Han - 31.76%, Miao - 14.87%, Dong - 11.41%)
  • Yunnan: Yuxi (Han - 68,18%, Yi - 19,32%), Pu'er (Han - 40,92%, Hani - 16,98%, Yi - 16.58%, Lahu - 11.47%), Lijiang (Han - 42.71%, Nasi 20.51%, Yi - 18.68%, Lisu - 9.62%), Lincang (Han - 61.22%, Dai - 15.77%, Lahu and Va - 9.76%)
  • Qinghai: Haidong (Han - 56.33%, Hui - 20.38%, Tibetan - 9.2%, Tu - 8.06%)

See also

External links