Banovina of Croatia

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Banovina of Croatia
Banovina Hrvatska
Banate of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
←
 
←
1939–1943 →
 
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Flag Coat of arms
Civil flag Coat of arms
Motto
"Jedan narod, jedan kralj, jedna država"
""One people, one king, one country"
Anthem
Himna Kraljevine Jugoslavije
National Anthem of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Location of Croatia
Banovina of Croatia (red)
within Kingdom of Yugoslavia (light yellow)
Capital Zagreb
Government Banate
Ban
 •  1939–1941 Ivan Šubašić
Legislature Parliament
Historical era Interwar period · World War II
 •  Cvet–Maček Agreement 24 August 1939
 •  Invasion of Yugoslavia 6 April 1941
 •  World War II in Yugoslavia 1941–1945
 •  Disestablished 1943
Area
 •  1939 65,456 km2 (25,273 sq mi)
Population
 •  1939 4,024,601 
Density 61.5 /km2  (159.2 /sq mi)
Today part of  Croatia
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Serbia

The Banovina of Croatia or Banate of Croatia (Croatian: Banovina Hrvatska) was an autonomous province (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1939 and 1941. It was formed by combining the Sava Banovina and Littoral Banovina, but also with small parts of the Drina, Zeta, and Danube banovinas. Its capital was Zagreb and it included most of present-day Croatia along with portions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It included area of 65,456 km2 and had population of 4,024,601. Its flag was an upside-down slavic flag, practically identical to the flag of the Netherlands.[1] Ban of the Banovina of Croatia during this period was Ivan Šubašić.

History

The banovinas of Yugoslavia, established in 1929, deliberately avoided following ethnic or religious boundaries which resulted in the country's ethnic Croats, like other ethnic groups, being divided among several banovinas. Following a struggle within the unitary Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Croat leaders won autonomy for a new ethnic-based banovina with the Cvetković-Maček Agreement.

On the basis of the political agreement between Dragiša Cvetković and Vlatko Maček, and the Decree on the Banate of Croatia (Uredba o Banovini Hrvatskoj) dated 24 August 1939, the Banate of Croatia was created.[2] The entire area of the Sava and Littoral Banovinas was combined and parts of the Vrbas, Zeta, Drina and Danube banovinas (districts Brčko, Derventa, Dubrovnik, Fojnica, Gradačac, Ilok, Šid and Travnik) were added to form the Banate of Croatia.[3] The borders of the Banate of Croatia are partly the historical borders of Croatia, and partly based on the application of the principle of ethnicity according to which Bosnian and Herzegovinian territory with a majority Croat population was annexed to the Banate.[2]

Under the Agreement, central government continued to control defense, internal security, foreign policy, trade, and transport; but an elected Sabor and a crown-appointed ban would decide internal matters in Croatia. Ironically, the Agreement fueled separatism. Maček and other Croats viewed autonomy as a first step toward full Croatian independence, so they began haggling over territory; Serbs attacked Cvetković, charging that the Agreement brought them no return to democracy and no autonomy; Muslims demanded an autonomous Bosnia; and Slovenes and Montenegrins espoused federalism. Regent Pavle appointed a new government with Cvetković as prime minister and Maček as vice prime minister, but it gained little support.[4]

In 1941, the World War II Axis Powers occupied Yugoslavia, and establishing a government-in-exile in London. Legally, the Banovina of Croatia remained a part of the occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia, while the Axis proceeded to dismember Yugoslav territory and the Banovina along with it. Some of the coastal areas from Split to Zadar and near the Gulf of Kotor were annexed by Fascist Italy but the remainder was added to the Independent State of Croatia. As the Kingdom of Yugoslavia became the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia with the success of the Yugoslav Partisans, a new Federal State of Croatia was established within it, succeeding the Banovina.

Population

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In 1939, the banovina of Croatia had a population of 4,299,430 of which three quarters was Roman Catholic, one-fifth was Orthodox, and 4 percent was Muslim.[5] The banovina was divided into 116 districts (kotari) of which 95 had an absolute and 5 had a relative Catholic majority.[5]

Sports

The Croatian Football Federation was the governing body of football within the Banovina. It organized a domestic league and a national team. The Banovina of Croatia had four international matches: two pairs of home-and-away matches against Switzerland and Hungary. The Croatian Rowing Championships were held on 29 June 1940.[6]

Croatia men's national ice hockey team played its first friendly game against Slovakia on February 9, 1941 in Bratislava and lost 6-1.[7]

The Croatian Boxing Federation was reconstituted on 5 October 1939 as the governing body of boxing within the entire Banovina of Croatia.[8]

Gallery

  • Territory of Banovina Croatia compared to territory of present-day Republic of Croatia

  • Banates of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia prior to the establishment of the Banovina of Croatia

  • Creation of Banovina Croatia (two of prior existing banates and additional districts)

  • State flag and ensign of the Banovina of Croatia

  • Lesser coat of arms of the Banovina of Croatia

  • Police ensign with motto "u službi" in Croatian meaning in service in English.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Flags of the World
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Croatian History Museum
  3. ↑ Uredba o banovini Hrvatskoj (Croatian)
  4. ↑ The Sporazum, Tripartitate Pact, and Outbreak of World War II
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Velikonja (2003), p. 146
  6. ↑ Kronologija hrvatskog veslanja
  7. ↑ PREHĽAD ZÁPASOV A-tímu SR od roku 1940
  8. ↑ Povijest hrvatskog sporta: Boks

References

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External links


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