Banpo
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| 半坡 | |
 location in China
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| Location | Shaanxi |
|---|---|
| Region | China |
| Coordinates | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. |
| History | |
| Founded | 6700 BP |
| Abandoned | 5600 BP |
| Periods | Neolithic China |
| Cultures | Yangshao culture |
Banpo (Bànpō) is an archaeological site discovered in 1953 and located in the Yellow River Valley just east of Xi'an, China. It contains the remains of several well organized Neolithic settlements carbon dated to 5600–6700 years ago.[1][2][3][4] The area of Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). is surrounded by a ditch, probably a defensive moat, Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). wide. The houses were circular, built of mud and wood with overhanging thatched roofs. They sat on low foundations. There appear to be communal burial areas.[5]
Banpo is the type site associated with Yangshao Culture. Archaeological sites with similarities to the first phase at Banpo are considered to be part of the “Banpo phase” (7th millennium BC) of the Yangshao culture. Banpo was excavated from 1954 to 1957.
The settlement was surrounded by a moat, with the graves and pottery kilns located outside of the moat perimeter. Many of the houses were semisubterranean with the floor typically Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). below the ground surface. The houses were supported by timber poles and had steeply pitched thatched roofs.
According to the Marxist paradigm of archaeology that was prevalent in the People's Republic of China during the time of the excavation of the site, Banpo was considered to be a matriarchal society; however, new research contradicts this claim and the Marxist paradigm is gradually being phased out in modern Chinese archaeological research.[6] Currently, little can be said of the religious or political structure from these ruins from the archeological evidence.[5][7]
The site is now home to the Xi'an Banpo Museum, built in 1957 to preserve the archaeological collection.[8]
See also
Footnotes
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References
- Allan, Sarah (ed), The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective, ISBN 0-300-09382-9
- Chang, Kwang-chih. The Archaeology of Ancient China, ISBN 0-300-03784-8
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Prehistoric cultures of China
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| Northern China | |
| Upper Yellow River | |
| Middle Yellow River | |
| Lower Yellow River | |
| Middle and Upper Yangtze | |
| Lower Yangtze and Huai | |
| Southern China | |
| Tibet | |
| Taiwan | |
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Shaanxi topics
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| General | |
| Geography | |
| Education | |
| Culture | |
| Visitor attractions |
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- Commons category link is locally defined
- Populated places established in the 7th millennium BC
- History of Xi'an
- Archaeological sites in China
- Neolithic cultures of China
- Neolithic settlements
- Former populated places in China
- Archaeological type sites
- Buildings and structures in Shaanxi
- 7th-millennium BC establishments in Asia
