China Coast Guard
中国海警 China Coast Guard |
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Ensign of the China Coast Guard.
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Country | People's Republic of China |
Branch | State Oceanic Administration (Since 2013) |
Type | Coast Guard |
Insignia | |
Flag |
The China Coast Guard (Chinese: 中国海警) serves as a coordinating agency for maritime search and rescue and law enforcement in the territorial waters of the People's Republic of China. The China Coast Guard was formerly the maritime branch of the Public Security Border Troops (Chinese: 公安边防部队), a paramilitary police force under the leadership of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS). In March 2013, China announced it would form a unified Coast Guard commanded by the State Oceanic Administration.[1]
Contents
Function
The CCG is known to perform mostly coastal and oceanic search and rescue or patrols, including anti-smuggling operations. During wartime it may be placed under the operational control of the People's Liberation Army Navy.
Roles
Roles of the CCG are diverse but include:
- Patrol of territorial waters and disputed territories
- Anti-smuggling, anti-piracy
- Maritime policing and ship inspections
- Harbour and coastal security
- Research and survey
- Search and Rescue
- Fisheries protection
Command
The Chinese Coast Guard was not under an independent command until 2013. Formally they were part of the armed police, under the local (provincial) border defense force command. The largest operational unit of the CCG is a CCG flotilla, which is a regimental-level unit in China’s military administrative hierarchy. Every coastal province has 1 to 3 Coast Guard flotillas. Currently there are twenty CCG flotillas across the country:
- Fujian
- 1st Flotilla - Fuzhou
- 2nd Flotilla - Quanzhou
- 3rd Flotilla - Xiamen
- Guangdong
- 1st Flotilla - Guangzhou
- 2nd Flotilla - Shantou
- 3rd Flotilla - Zhanjiang
- Guangxi
- 1st Flotilla - Beihai
- 2nd Flotilla - Fangchenggang
- Hainan
- 1st Flotilla - Haikou
- 2nd Flotilla - Sanya
- Hebei with 1 Flotilla - Qinhuangdao
- Jiangsu with 1 Flotilla - Taicang
- Liaoning
- 1st Flotilla - Dalian
- 2nd Flotilla - Dandong
- Shandong
- 1st Flotilla - Weihai
- 2nd Flotilla - Qingdao
- Shanghai with 1 Flotilla - Shanghai
- Tianjin with 1 Flotilla - Tianjin
- Zhejiang
- 1st Flotilla - Taizhou
- 2nd Flotilla - Ningbo
Training
The Chinese Coast Guard conducts periodic joint-training sessions with other navies, including the US Coast Guard service.[2] The Chinese Coast Guard also participates in the annual North Pacific Coast Guard Agencies Forum in Alaska, along with US, Canadian, Japanese, South Korean, and Russian Coast Guards. As part of an exchange program, members of the Chinese Coast Guard service have been assigned to serve on U.S. Coast Guard cutters.[3]
Equipment
The CCG has received quite a few large patrol ships that would significantly enhance their operations. Hai Guan(customs), militia, police and other services operate hundreds of small patrol craft. For maritime patrol services, these craft are usually quite well armed with machine guns and 37mm AA guns. In addition, these services operate their own small aviation units to assist their maritime patrol capabilities. CCG operates a handful of Harbin Z-9 helicopters, and a maritime patrol aircraft based on the Harbin Y-12 STOL transport.
Vessels
Chinese Coast Guard ships are painted white with blue stripe and wording China Coast Guard in English and Chinese.
Typical Coast Guard ships include the 130 ton Type 218 patrol boat (100 boats), armed with twin 14.5mm machine guns, assorted speedboats, and few larger patrol ships. Up until very recently, the largest ship in Chinese Coast Guard service was the 1,500 ton Type 718 cutter (31101 Pudong).
In March 2007, it was reported that the PLAN has transferred 2 Type 728 cutter (44102,ex-509 Changde;46103,ex-510 Shaoxing) to the Coast Guard as and re-numbered 1002 & 1003. These ships are the largest vessels in the Coast Guard inventory.
Other boats include:
- Haijing 1015 patrol boat
- Haijing 1016 patrol boat
- Haijing 1017 patrol boat
- Haijing 1021 patrol boat
- Haijing 1112 patrol boat
- Haijing 1115 patrol boat
- Haijing 1116 patrol boat
- Haijing 1117 patrol boat
- Haijing 1118 patrol boat
- Haijing 1123 patrol boat
- Haijing 1126 patrol boat
- Haijing 1127 patrol boat
- Haijing 1212 patrol boat
- Haijing 1401 patrol boat [4]
- Haijing 2101 patrol boat
- Haijing 2102 patrol boat
- Haijing 2106 patrol boat
- Haijing 2112 patrol boat
- Haijing 2113 patrol boat
- Haijing 2115 patrol boat
- Haijing 2146 patrol boat
- Haijing 2151 patrol boat
- Haijing 2153 patrol boat
- Haijing 2162 patrol boat
- H aijing 2166 patrol boat[5]
- Haijing 2252 patrol boat
- Haijing 2302 patrol boat
- Haijing 2305 patrol boat
- Haijing 2306 patrol boat
- Haijing 2307 patrol boat
- Haijing 2337 patrol boat
- Haijing 2350 patrol boat
- Haijing 2401 patrol boat [4]
- Haijing 2506 patrol boat
- Haijing 3001 patrol boat
- Haijing 3003 patrol boat
- Haijing 3004 patrol boat
- Haijing 3076 patrol boat
- Haijing 3077 patrol boat
- Haijing 3078 patrol boat
- Haijing 3079 patrol boat
- Haijing 3080 patrol boat
- Haijing 3082 patrol boat
- Haijing 3086 patrol boat
- Haijing 3087 patrol boat
- Haijing 3088 patrol boat
- Haijing 3089 patrol boat
- Haijing 3101 patrol boat
- Haijing 3102 patrol boat
- Haijing 3103 patrol boat
- Haijing 3171 patrol boat
- Haijing 3172 patrol boat
- Haijing 3174 patrol boat
- Haijing 3175 patrol boat
- Haijing 3184 patrol boat
- Haijing 3210 patrol boat
- Haijing 3306 patrol boat
- Haijing 3367 patrol boat
- Haijing 3368 patrol boat
- Haijing 3383 patrol boat
- Haijing 3401 patrol boat [4]
- Haijing 3402 patrol boat
- Haijing 3411 patrol boat
- Haijing 3412 patrol boat
- Haijing 3469 patrol boat
- Haijing 21010 patrol boat
- Haijing 21011 patrol boat
- Haijing 21012 patrol boat
- Haijing 31020 patrol boat
- Haijing 32031 patrol boat
- Haijing 33026 patrol boat
- Haijing 33086 patrol boat
- Haijing 35012 patrol boat
- Haijing 35082 patrol boat
- Haijing 37090 patrol boat
- Haijing 37102 patrol boat
- Haijing 44001 patrol boat
- Haijing 44103 patrol boat
- Haijing 46001 patrol boat
- Haijing 46101 patrol boat
- Haijing 46102 patrol boat
Nomenclature
Just like the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), CCG share the same distinct difference between it and most western equivalent, which is that unlike its western counterparts, CCG does not use ship prefixes internally. However, a system of ship prefixes similar to that of west has been developed by many internet sources for similar classification:
Country | Service | Prefix | Meaning |
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People's Republic of China | People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) | PLANS | People's Liberation Army Navy Ship: Commissioned ships in PLAN, mostly warships & some auxiliaries. China does not use ship prefixes internally. |
PRCNS | People's Republic of China Naval Ship: PLAN owned ships manned by civilians, including most research ships. China does not use ship prefixes internally. | ||
China Coast Guard (PRCCG) | PRCCGS | People's Republic of China Coast Guard Ship. China does not use ship prefixes internally. | |
Governmental Agencies | PRCS | People's Republic of China Ship: ships owned by various Chinese governmental administrative and regulatory bodies, all of which are subject to naval deployment. China does not use ship prefixes internally. | |
Merchant Marine | PRCMV | People's Republic of China Merchant Vessel. China does not use ship prefixes internally. |
Law enforcement deployments to waters around Diaoyu Islands
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According to the State Oceanic Administration of China, the following operations in waters around Diaoyu Islands have been carried out by the China Coast Guard: -
Ordinal | Time | CCG's Ships | CCG's Operations | JCG's Operations and Reaction of Japanese Government |
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Deployments since July 2013 (new CCG established) | ||||
1 | July 26, 2013 | CCG-2350, CCG-2101, CCG-2506, CCG-2166 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships[6] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships requested CCG ships to leave.[7] |
2 | August 2, 2013 | CCG-2350, CCG-2101, CCG-2506, CCG-2166 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships. Escorted Chinese voyager Zhai Mo sailing his Jiangtaigong yacht all the way down to Senkaku/Diaoyu Island (the largest island of Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands) within 3 nm, resisted JCG ships. CCG ships helped Jiangtaigong refill feul after the yacht ran out of oil.[8][9][10] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. The chair of the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Junichi Ihara protested to Han Zhiqiang, the Chinese envoy to Japan.[11] |
3 | August 7, 2013 | CCG-2350, CCG-1126, CCG-2102, CCG-2166 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[12] Monitored for 28 hours 36 minutes and interfered with Japanese fisher boats with Japanese citizen on board.[13] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. The chair of the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Junichi Ihara called Han Zhiqiang, the Chinese envoy to Japan, and protested "China's intrusion". Han Zhiqiang refused the protest and requested Japanese ships to leave China claiming territorial waters around Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands immediately.[14] |
4 | August 10, 2013 | CCG-2350, CCG-1126, CCG-2102, CCG-2146 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[15] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships requested the CCG ships to leave Japan claiming territorial watars and intercepted a Chinese boat that attempted to approach the island.[16] |
5 | August 16, 2013 | CCG-2151, CCG-2146, CCG-2102, CCG-1126, CCG-1123 (joined later), CCG-2113 (joined later) | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[17][18] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships requested the CCG ships to leave the area.[19] |
6 | August 27, 2013 | CCG-2151, CCG-2146, CCG-2113 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[20] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships requested CCG ships to leave.[21] |
7 | September 6, 2013 | CCG-2350, CCG-1115, CCG-2112, CCG-2506 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[22] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships requested CCG ships to leave. The CCG ships did not respond.[24] |
8 | September 10, 2013 | CCG-2350, CCG-1115, CCG-1126, CCG-2112, CCG-2113, CCG-2146, CCG 2506 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[25][26] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. Japanese Defense Minister Itsunori Onodera orders Japanese troops to "boost alertness" as the "anniversary of the nationalization of Senkaku Islands" approaches. He warns against "Chinese naval and aerial provocations".
According CCG central command's screen, JCG sent 9 ships to intercept: PL-03 "Isokko", PLH-08 "Tsugaru", PL-61 "Hateruma", PL-62 "Ishigaki", PL-103 "Wakasa", PL-104 "Kii", PL-117 "Rebun", PL-125 "Katori", PL-126 "Kunigami".[27] |
9 | September 14, 2013 | CCG-2350, CCG-1115, CCG-2112, CCG-2506 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[28] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships warned CCG ships to leave.[29] |
10 | September 19, 2013 | CCG-2350, CCG-2506 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[30] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships warned CCG ships to leave.[31] |
11 | September 27, 2013 | CCG-2151, CCG-1126, CCG-2146, CCG-2113 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[32] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships warned CCG ships to leave.[33] |
12 | October 1, 2013 | CCG-2151, CCG-1126, CCG-2113, CCG-2146 | CCG law-enforcement personnel raised Chinese national flag and sworn to defend China claiming territories in territorial waters around Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands on the morning of China's National Day.[34] They also patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[35] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships requested CCG ships to leave.[36] |
13 | October 28, 2013 | CCG-2350, CCG-1123, CCG-2102, CCG-2166 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[37] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships requested CCG ships to leave.[38] |
14 | November 7, 2013 | CCG-2337, CCG-2506, CCG-2151, CCG-2112 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[39][40] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships requested CCG ships to leave.[41] |
15 | November 16, 2013 | CCG-2337, CCG-2112, CCG-2151, CCG-2506 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[42] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships warned CCG ships to leave.[43] |
16 | November 22, 2013 | CCG-2151, CCG-2101, CCG-2113, CCG-2146 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[44] Exercised fishery administration by law-enforcement personnel inspecting Chinese 5 fishing boats in waters around Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands.[45] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. The chair of the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Junichi Ihara called Han Zhiqiang, the Chinese envoy to Japan, and raised a "solemn" protest "against China's intrusion".[46]
Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga said "absolutely cannot accept CCG conducting law-enforcement operations in Japanese exclusive economical zones". He claimed that Japan had protested through diplomatic channels.[47] |
17 | December 8, 2013 | CCG-2350, CCG-2506, CCG-2166 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[48] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships warned CCG ships to leave.[49] |
18 | December 22, 2013 | CCG-2337, CCG-2102, CCG-2112, CCG-2151 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[50] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships warned CCG ships to leave.[51] |
19 | December 29, 2013 | CCG-2337, CCG-2112, CCG-2151 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[52] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships warned CCG ships to leave.[53] |
20 | January 12, 2014 | CCG-2506, CCG-2113, CCG-2166 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[54] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. Japanese minister of defense Itsunori Onodera says "Japan should react to China's law-enforcement vessels intruding Japanese territorial waters" when he reviewed the military drill of Japanese First Parachute Regiment held at Funabashi. The drill is about landing on and "recapturing an outlying island from enemy's occupation".[55][56] |
21 | January 27, 2014 | CCG-2337, CCG-2112, CCG-2151 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[57] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships requested CCG ships to leave. The chair of the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Junichi Ihara protested to Han Zhiqiang, the Chinese envoy to Japan.[58] |
22 | February 2, 2014 | CCG-2350, CCG-2166, CCG-2506 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[59] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships requested CCG ships to leave.[60] |
23 | February 17, 2014 | CCG-2151, CCG-2113, CCG-2102 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[61] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships requested CCG ships to leave.[62] |
24 | February 23, 2014 | CCG-2151, CCG-2113, CCG-2102 | Patrolled and demonstrated against JCG ships.[63] | Patrolled and enforced a law on CCG ships. JCG ships requested CCG ships to leave.[64] |
See also
- People's Liberation Army Navy
- People's Armed Police
- China Maritime Safety Administration takes on the navigation safety and control duties, including harbormaster powers in most ports. It was not merged with the new coast guard in 2013.
- China Marine Surveillance Defunct in July 2013. The present China Coast Guard is a unified force that conduct law-enforcement operations in waters administered by China.
References
- ↑ - Articles - Nation merging maritime patrol forces
- ↑ Logon Form
- ↑ RealClearPolitics - Articles - U.S. Coast Guard Has Chinese aboard
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External links
- CCG - Chinese Defence Today
- (Chinese) China Maritime Safety Administration official website
- (Chinese) State Oceanic Administration
- (Chinese) Aid to navigation
- (Chinese) China Hidrography
- (Chinese) China Rescue & Salvage
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Republic of Korea Coast Guard | Japan Coast Guard | ||
Mainland China | Republic of China Coast Guard | |||
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Vietnam People's Coast Guard | Philippine Coast Guard |
- Pages with broken file links
- Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text
- Articles containing Chinese-language text
- Articles with Chinese-language external links
- Interlanguage link template link number
- China Coast Guard
- Military of the People's Republic of China
- People's Liberation Army Navy
- Reserve forces
- Law enforcement agencies of China
- Paramilitary organizations
- Auxiliary military units
- Coast guards
- State Oceanic Administration