City of Westminster

City of Westminster
City and London borough
Coat of arms of the City of Westminster at Westminster City Hall Coat of arms of the City of Westminster at Westminster City Hall
Council logo
File:City of Westminster in Greater London.svg Westminster shown within Greater London
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Constituent country	England
Region	London
Ceremonial county	Greater London
Status	City and London borough
Admin HQ	City Hall, Victoria Street
Created	1 April 1965
Government
• Type	London borough council
• Body	Westminster City Council
• Leadership	Leader & Cabinet (Conservative)
• Lord Mayor	Audrey Lewis
• MPs	Karen Buck (Lab), Mark Field (Con)
• London Assembly	Kit Malthouse (Con) AM for West Central
• EU Parliament	London
Area
• Total	8.29 sq mi (21.48 km2)
Area rank	318th (of 326)
Population (mid-2014 est.)
• Total	233,292
• Rank	69th (of 326)
• Density	28,000/sq mi (11,000/km2)
• Ethnicity	35.2% White British 2.3% White Irish 0% White Gypsy or Irish Traveller 24.1% Other White 0.9% White & Black Caribbean 0.9% White & Black African 1.6% White & Asian 1.8% Other Mixed 3.3% Indian 1.1% Pakistani 2.9% Bangladeshi 2.7% Chinese 4.6% Other Asian 4.2% Black African 2% Black Caribbean 1.3% Other Black 7.2% Arab 3.9% Other
• ONS code	00BK
Time zone	GMT (UTC0)
• Summer (DST)	BST (UTC+1)
Postcodes	EC, NW, SW, W, WC
Area code(s)	020
Police force	Metropolitan Police
Website	www.westminster.gov.uk

The City of Westminster (ⁱ/ˈwɛstmɪnstər/) is an Inner London borough which occupies much of the central area of Greater London including most of the West End. It is to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It was created with the 1965 establishment of Greater London. Upon creation, Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster.

Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, the population density of the district is high. Many sites commonly associated with London are in the borough, including St. James's Palace, Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The borough is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster around the Palace of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the borough is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council.

Coat of arms

The Westminster coat of arms were given to the city by an official grant on September 2, 1964.

Westminster had other arms before, which was identical to the chief in the present arms. The symbols in the lower two thirds of the shield stand for former municipalities now merged with the city, Paddington and St. Marylebone.

History

The origins of the City of Westminster pre-date the Norman Conquest of England. In the mid-11th Century king Edward the Confessor began the construction of an abbey at Westminster, only the foundations of which survive today. Between the abbey and the river he built a palace, thereby guaranteeing that the seat of Government would be fixed at Westminster, and inevitably drawing power and wealth west out of the old City of London.

For centuries Westminster and the City of London were geographically quite distinct. It was not until the sixteenth century that houses began to be built over the adjoining fields, eventually absorbing nearby villages such as Marylebone and Kensington, and gradually creating the vast Greater London that exists today. Westminster briefly became a city (in the sense of the seat of a bishop) in 1540 when Henry VIII created the short-lived Diocese of Westminster.

The present-day City of Westminster as an administrative entity with its present boundaries dates from 1965, when the City of Westminster was created from the former area of three metropolitan boroughs: St Marylebone, Paddington, and the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster, which included Soho, Mayfair, St. James's, Strand, Westminster, Pimlico, Belgravia, and Hyde Park. This re-structuring took place under the London Government Act 1963, which significantly reduced the number of local government districts in London, resulting in local authorities responsible for larger geographical areas and greater populations.

The Westminster Metropolitan Borough was itself the result of an administrative amalgamation which took place in 1900. Sir John Hunt O.B.E was the First Town Clerk of the City of Westminster, 1900–1928.

Prior to 1900, the area occupied by what would become the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster had been administered by five separate local bodies: the Vestry of St George Hanover Square, the Vestry of St Martin in the Fields, Strand District Board of Works, Westminster District Board of Works and the Vestry of Westminster St James.

The boundaries of the City of Westminster today, as well as those of the other London boroughs, have remained more or less unchanged since the Act of 1963.

Demography

Ethnicity

Ethnic Group	2011
	Number	%
White: British	77,334	35.25%
White: Irish	4,960	2.26%
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller	76	0.03%
White: Other	52,960	24.14%
White: Total	135,330	61.68%
Asian or Asian British: Indian	7,213	3.29%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani	2,328	1.06%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi	6,299	2.87%
Asian or Asian British: Chinese	5,917	2.70%
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian	10,105	4.61%
Asian or Asian British: Total	31,862	14.52%
Black or Black British: Caribbean	4,449	2.03%
Black or Black British: African	9,141	4.17%
Black or Black British: Other Black	2,882	1.31%
Black or Black British: Total	16,472	7.51%
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean	1,869	0.85%
Mixed: White and Black African	1,927	0.89%
Mixed: White and Asian	3,584	1.63%
Mixed: Other Mixed	4,015	1.83%
Mixed: Total	11,395	5.19%
Other: Arab	15,724	7.17%
Other: Any other ethnic group	8,613	3.93%
Other: Total	24,337	11.09%
BAME: Total	84,066	38.32%
Total	219,396	100.00%

Religion

Religion	2011
	Number	%
Christian	97,877	44.61%
Buddhist	3,194	1.46%
Hindu	4,178	1.90%
Jewish	7,237	3.30%
Muslim	40,073	18.27%
Sikh	496	0.23%
Other religion	1,280	0.58%
No religion	44,542	20.30%
Religion not stated	20,519	9.35%
Total	219,396	100.00%

Governance

Local government

The city is divided into 20 wards, each electing three councillors. Westminster City Council is currently composed of 48 Conservative Party members and 12 Labour Party members.

A Lord Mayor is elected annually to serve as the official representative of the city for one year. See List of Lord Mayors of Westminster for a list of former Mayors (1900–1965) and Lord Mayors (1965 to date).

UK Parliament

Evolution of Parliamentary representation
1918	1950	1974	1979	1997	2010
St Marylebone			Westminster North	Regent's Park and Kensington North	Westminster North
Paddington North		Paddington
Paddington South				Cities of London and Westminster
Westminster St George's	Cities of London and Westminster				Cities of London and Westminster
Westminster Abbey
City of London

Districts

Main article: List of districts in the City of Westminster

The City of Westminster covers all or part of the following areas of London:

• Bayswater
• Belgravia (shared with the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea)
• Covent Garden (shared with the London Borough of Camden)
• Fitzrovia (shared with the London Borough of Camden)
• Hyde Park
• Knightsbridge (shared with the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea)
• Lisson Grove
• Maida Vale
• Mayfair
• Marylebone
• Millbank
• Paddington
• Pimlico
• St James's
• St John's Wood
• Soho, including Chinatown
• "Theatreland"
• Victoria
• Westbourne Green
• West End (shared with the London Borough of Camden)
• Westminster City Centre

Economy

The City of Westminster is home to a large number of companies. Many leading global corporations have chosen to establish their global or European headquarters in the City of Westminster. Mayfair and St. James's within the City of Westminster also have a large concentration of hedge fund and private equity funds. The West End is known as the Theatre District and is home to many of the leading performing arts businesses. Soho and its adjoining areas house a concentration of media and creative companies. Oxford Street is one of the leading shopping destinations in the world. The list of companies includes

BP head office in St. James's, City of Westminster

The Economist Building, St James's Street

• BAE Systems has its head office in Westminster
• BBC has its head office in the Broadcasting House
• BP has its global headquarters in St. James's, Westminster.
• Houlihan Lokey, the international investment bank, has its London offices at 83 Pall Mall, London, Westminster.
• Pearson PLC and subsidiary Penguin Group: headquartered in a facility in Westminster.
• Rio Tinto Group, a multinational Australian-British company, has its UK head office in Westminster.
• Economist Group, publisher of The Economist and other materials, is headquartered in Westminster.
• Kingfisher plc has its head office in Paddington, Westminster
• SABMiller has its head office in Westminster.
• British American Tobacco has its head office in the Globe House in the City of Westminster.
• Marks & Spencer has its head office in the Waterside House.
• Swire Group has its head office in the Swire House
• Pret a Manger has its head office in Westminster.
• Rolls-Royce Group has its head office in Westminster.
• Global Infrastructure Partners has an office in Westminster.
• EasyGroup has its head office in Mayfair, City of Westminster.
• Gulf Oil International has its head office in the city.
• AstraZeneca has its head office in Westminster.
• Informa has its London office, including its Investor Relations and Media Centre departments, in the Informa House
• Petrofac possesses an office on Jermyn Street, near Oxford Circus.
• Northrop Grumman has its UK offices in Clareville House.
• Korean Air has its European head office in the City of Westminster.
• Iraqi Airways has its London sales office in the IKB House in City of Westminster.

The Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office, London is in Westminster.

Companies that previously had their head offices in the City of Westminster include Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), British Aircraft Corporation, British Midland (Portland House), British United Airways, British Mediterranean Airways, Cadbury, Diageo, BAA Limited, Lloyd International Airways, and P&O Princess Cruises. In addition, Iran Air previously had its Piccadilly main sales office in the city.

Landmarks

Piccadilly Circus

Main article: List of tourist attractions in Westminster

Further information: List of roads in the City of Westminster

The City of Westminster contains many of the most famous sites in London. Some of the popular tourist sites are Buckingham Palace, the Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament) which includes Big Ben, and nearby Westminster Abbey.

Parks and open spaces

Main article: Westminster parks and open spaces

These include Green Park, Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens, Regent's Park and St. James's Park. In addition to parks and open spaces within the borough, the City owns and maintains East Finchley Cemetery and crematorium in the London Borough of Barnet.

Transport

London Marylebone

Bridges

These include Chelsea Bridge, Grosvenor Bridge, Vauxhall Bridge, Lambeth Bridge, Westminster Bridge, Hungerford Bridge and Waterloo Bridge, listed west to east (downstream).

National Rail stations

Stations include: London Charing Cross; serving the South Eastern Main Line via South East London and Kent. London Marylebone; serving the Chiltern Main Line via North East London, the West Midlands and Birmingham. London Paddington; serving the Great Western Main Line via South West England, Wales and Heathrow Airport and London Victoria; serving the Brighton Main Line and the Chatham Main Line. These are all main London termini stations.

London Underground

The City of Westminster is served by 27 tube stations, and 10 of the 11 London Underground lines (the Waterloo and City line is the exception).

Electric charging points

Westminster City Council now has electric vehicle charging points in 15 locations through the city (13 car parks and two on-street points). Users pay an annual fee to cover administration costs to register and use the points.

Travel to work

In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: underground, metro, light rail, tram, 21.0% of all residents aged 16–74; on foot, 9.3%; bus, minibus or coach, 9.3%; driving a car or van, 6.0%; work mainly at or from home, 5.5%; bicycle, 3.1%; train, 3.0%.

Education

The main entrance to the London School of Economics

Main article: List of schools in the City of Westminster

Westminster Children's Services administers many primary and secondary schools. In addition, there are several state-funded faith schools, primarily Church of England (CE), and Roman Catholic (RC), but Christian non-denominational (ND) schools are also in the borough, and there are several non-profit-making junior and senior independent schools.

Universities and colleges

• The University of Westminster has its three campuses in the borough; 309 Regent Street (with 4–12 / 16 Little Titchfield Street and 32 / 38 Wells Street buildings uniting under the same campus), 115 New Cavendish Street, and 25 Marylebone Road.
• The Strand campus of King's College London is located within the district.
• The London Business School, in Regent's Park.
• The London School of Economics, at Clare Market, near Aldwych.
• The Royal Academy of Music, on Marylebone Road.
• University of the Arts London has constituent colleges in Millbank (Chelsea College of Art and Design) and Oxford Street (London College of Fashion).
• The Courtauld Institute of Art, in Somerset House, Strand.
• Brigham Young University London Centre, on Palace Court.
• The northern half of Imperial College London's main South Kensington campus lies within the borough.
• City of Westminster College is a further education college with campuses on Paddington Green and at Queens Park. It also owns the Cockpit Theatre, which is used as a training and performance venue.
• Regent's College, whose campus is within the grounds of Regent's Park, which houses: European Business School London; Regent's American College London; Regent's Business School; School of Psychotherapy and Counselling; Webster Graduate School; Internexus, a provider of English language courses.
• Westminster Kingsway College is a further education college with centres in Soho and Victoria in Westminster. It also has centres in Camden.

Public libraries

Charing Cross Library

The London Library, an independent lending library, is at 14 St. James Square.

The city operates two reference libraries; Westminster Reference Library and Marylebone Information Service. Westminster Reference Library holds several special collections: of which the Sherlock Holmes, Arts and Business collections are the most comprehensive. Free City of Westminster – operated public lending libraries in Westminster include:

• Charing Cross Library
• Church Street Library
• The Maida Vale Library
• Marylebone Library
• Mayfair Library
• Paddington Library
• Pimlico Library
• Queen's Park Library
• St. John's Wood Library
• Victoria Library

In addition to the collections in Westminster Reference Library the city has two specialist libraries, the Westminster Music Library, the largest music library in the United Kingdom, and the Westminster Chinese Library in the Charing Cross Library.

Home ownership

In terms of tenure, the borough ranks highest on one standard criteria in analysing housing supply and demand, the proportion of private rented accommodation relative to other types of housing in England. This is indicative of a high density of development and higher investment demand relative to other districts in England and most of the 15 highest-ranking local authorities are boroughs of Greater London. Tourism also increases the proportion of willing third-party landlords, as the two authorities which are outside London in the list are England's largest south coast holiday resorts.

Highest-ranked local authorities by proportion of Social Housing (2011 Census)
Local Authority	Privately rented	Socially rented	Shared ownership
City of Westminster London Borough	37.6	11.9	0.8
Kensington and Chelsea London Borough	34	9.2	0.9
City of London London Borough	33.1	10.4	0.3
Newham London Borough	32.6	18.3	1.8
Tower Hamlets London Borough	30.8	17.3	2.4
Camden London Borough	30.5	23	0.7
Haringey London Borough	30.3	17	1.5
Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough	30	15.7	1.6
Wandsworth London Borough	30	12.8	1.5
Brent London Borough	28.8	9.7	1.5
Bournemouth Unitary Authority	28.2	5.9	0.7
Brighton and Hove Unitary Authority	28	9.8	0.9
Lambeth London Borough	27.7	19.6	1.5
Hackney London Borough	27.6	23.8	2.3

See also

• History of local government in London
• History of London
• River Westbourne
• Tri-borough shared services
• Westminster St Margaret and St John

References

• Gray, Robert, A History of London, Hutchinson & Co, London, 1978, ISBN 0-09-133140-4

Notes

• https://www.westminster.gov.uk/hanwell-cemetery

External links

• City of Westminster
• Westminster, by Sir Walter Besant and Geraldine Edith Mitton and A. Murray Smith, 1902, from Project Gutenberg
• Westminster City Council YouTube channel
• West End Extra A local newspaper covering the City of Westminster