Claude Guillaumin (artist)
Claude Edouard Guillaumin (11 August 1842 – 9 March 1927), was a French painter and anticlerical caricaturist known under the pseudonym Édouard Pépin.[1]
Contents
Biography
Claude Guillaumin was born in Moulins, Allier,[2] the son of a carpenter from Moulins, Jean Guillaumin.[3] His father was one of the republicans of Allier condemned to deportation to Algeria during the repression of the uprisings against the 1851 French coup d'état[4] and was ruined by the exile.[5] This event deeply marked the young Claude Guillaumin, who became a bitter enemy of Bonapartism.
Under the pseudonym of Pépin, he made his debut as a caricaturist at the end of the Second Empire in La Lune (from 1866), in Jules Vallès' La Rue (1867-1868), and then in L'Éclipse, three publications where his signature was alongside that of André Gill. On several occasions, Pépin's drawings had to replace, on the front page of L'Éclipse, Gill's political caricatures refused by the censors.[6]
In 1875, at the beginning of the Third Republic, Pépin started to draw in for Le Grelot, of which he made most of the covers between 1876 and 1879, replacing Alfred Le Petit. Then Pépin wrote and drew Le Lampion de Berluron, a successor to La Lanterne de Boquillon, which began to appear in 1879 under the direction of Pascal Lange of La Petite République, a newspaper to which Pépin also provided drawings. In November 1881, Guillaumin[7] became the owner and director of this satirical journal in which he gave free rein to his militant anticlericalism.
In the middle of the 1880s, Pépin regained his position as the official cartoonist of Le Grelot. A radical Republican, he drew fierce charges against monarchists, Catholics, Boulangists (notably Henri Rochefort) and socialists.
In spite of his caricatures of Alfred Dreyfus (front pages of the Grelot of November 11, 1894 and September 20, 1896), Pépin joined the Dreyfus camp, which was opposed by most of his favorite targets. Expressing his point of view clearly from the end of the autumn of 1897, he thus progressively disagreed with the anti-Dreyfusism of the director of Le Grelot, J. Madre, who fired him in August 1899 because of a caricature of General Mercier. Pépin then decided to found his own satirical weekly, Le Fouet, which appeared between October 15, 1899 and May 27, 1900.
He also sent drawings to the illustrated supplement of the Petit Rouennais between 1901 and 1902. Thereafter, he gave up of political caricature.
A student and disciple of Henri Harpignies, Pépin was also a painter and, like his master, painted mainly landscapes of the Bourbonnais region (around Hérisson, the banks of the Aumance, the Œil and the Sioule, Cosne-d'Allier, Ébreuil and its surroundings, Chantelle and its ravines...), which he signed with his pseudonym (Pépin E.). In 1890, he exhibited at the Salon Le chantier du père Gazut.[8] He also painted some studies of Puisaye and, in 1917, the banks of the Cher near Montrichard.
Having resided for a long time in the 18th arrondissement of Paris (at no. 6 Rue Ramey), he painted views of the old Montmartre. Among these works, two woodcuts representing the old Place de l'Abreuvoir and the old Rue des Rosiers (with the wooden tower of Malakoff in 1871, on the present site of the Sacré-Coeur) were donated by the artist's sons to the Musée Carnavalet.
He died at his home, No. 33 boulevard Rochechouart in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, on March 9, 1927.
References
- "Notice sur le Peintre Cl.-Edouard Guillaumin", Bulletin de la Société d'émulation du Bourbonnais, Vol. XXXIV (1931), pp. 271–72.
Notes
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Édouard Pépin. |
- Works by Claude Guillaumin at Gallica
- The Anti-clerical Album, drawings by Pépin on texts by Léo Taxil
- Caricatures and illustrations by Pépin at Heidelberg University Library
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- ↑ Not to be confused with the Parisian sculptor Édouard-Félicien-Alexis Pépin, student of Cavelier.
- ↑ Claude Guillaumin is not related to the painter Armand Guillaumin.
- ↑ Jean Guillaumin was born on November 10, 1816 in Villeneuve-sur-Allier. He did not die before 1868, since we find him at this date at his son's home, in Paris, at no 42 de la chaussée du Maine, See Le Figaro (20 juin 1868), p. 2.
- ↑ Duprat, Pascal (1852). Les Tables de Proscription de Louis Bonaparte et de ses Complices, Vol. 2. Liège: Redouté, p. 20.
- ↑ Vallès, Jules (20 juin 1868). "Lettre d'un diffamé," Le Figaro, p. 2.
- ↑ Valmy-Baysse, Jean (1991). André Gill, l'impertinent. Paris: Éditions du Félin, p. 95.
- ↑ Sometimes under the alias Pépin, sometimes Berluron.
- ↑ Salon de 1890: Catalogue illustré. Paris: Ludovic Baschet (1890), p. 33, no 1878.
