Dean of the United States House of Representatives

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Dean of the
United States House of Representatives
John Conyers 113th Congress.jpg
Incumbent
John Conyers

since January 3, 2015 (2015-01-03)
United States House of Representatives
Member of United States House of Representatives
Seat Washington, D.C.
First holder Frederick Muhlenberg
March 1789

The Dean of the United States House of Representatives is the longest continuously serving member of the House. The current Dean is John Conyers, a Democrat from Michigan who has served in the House since January 3, 1965. The Dean is a symbolic post whose only customary duty is to swear in a Speaker of the House when he or she is elected. The Dean comes forward on the House Floor to administer the oath to the Speaker-elect before the new Speaker then administers the oath to the other members. The Dean does not preside over the election of the Speaker, unlike the Father of the House in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom and the Dean of the Canadian House of Commons.

Because of other privileges associated with seniority, the Dean is usually allotted some of the most desirable office space, and is generally either chair or ranking minority member of an influential committee.

It is unclear when the position first achieved concrete recognition, though the seniority system and increasing lengths of service emerged in the early 20th century. As late as 1924, Frederick H. Gillett was Dean, and also Speaker, before becoming a Senator. Modern Deans move into their positions so late in their careers that a move to the Senate is highly unlikely. When Ed Markey broke Gillett's record for time in the House before moving to the Senate in 2013 he was still decades junior to the sitting Dean.

The Deanship can change hands unexpectedly. In the 1952 election, Adolph J. Sabath became the first Representative elected to a 24th term, breaking the record of 23 terms first set by former Speaker Joseph Gurney Cannon, whose service had been discontinuous, whereas Sabath's was not. North Carolina's Robert L. Doughton had not contested that election as he was retiring at the age of 89 years and two months, a House age record broken in 1998 by Sidney R. Yates, and again by Ralph Hall in 2012. Claude Pepper, who died early in his final term in 1989, held the record for oldest winner of a House election until Hall broke it in 2012. However, Sabath died before the new term began and Doughton was Dean for the old term's final months before Speaker Sam Rayburn became Dean in the new Congress.

In 1994, Texas Democrat Jack Brooks was defeated by Steve Stockman in the year he was expected to succeed Jamie L. Whitten as Dean.[1]

The second longest-serving current member of the house is Charles Rangel, a Democrat from New York, who has served since 1971.

List of Deans of the House

Years as Dean are followed by name, party, state, and start of service in Congress.

All the members of the First Congress had equal seniority (as defined for the purpose of this article), but Muhlenberg as the Speaker was the first member to be sworn in. Muhlenberg, Hartley and Thatcher were among the 13 members who attended the initial meeting of the House on March 4, 1789.

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries some state delegations to the House were often not elected until after the term had begun. To avoid confusion, this fact is ignored in the list below.

Became Dean Left House Dean Party State Seniority date Speaker(s)
March 1789 March 1797 Frederick Muhlenberg[upper-alpha 1] Federalist Pennsylvania March 4, 1789 Frederick Muhlenberg (PA-PA) – 1789
Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (PA-CT) – 1791
Frederick Muhlenberg (AA-PA) – 1793
Jonathan Dayton (F-NJ) – 1795
March 1797 December 1800 Thomas Hartley[upper-alpha 2][upper-alpha 3] Federalist Pennsylvania March 4, 1789 Jonathan Dayton (F-NJ) – 1797
Theodore Sedgwick (F-MA) – 1799
March 1801 George Thatcher Federalist Massachusetts
March 1801 March 1803 William B. Grove[upper-alpha 3] Federalist North Carolina March 4, 1791 Nathaniel Macon (DR-NC) – 1801, 1803, 1805
Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR-MA) – 1807, 1809
Henry Clay (DR-KY) – 1811, 1813
Langdon Cheves (DR-SC) – 1814
March 1807 Andrew Gregg[upper-alpha 3] Democratic-Republican Pennsylvania
December 1815 Nathaniel Macon[upper-alpha 4] Democratic-Republican North Carolina
December 1815 April 1816 Richard Stanford[upper-alpha 2] Democratic-Republican North Carolina March 4, 1797 Henry Clay (DR-KY) – 1815
April 1816 March 1817 John Davenport Federalist Connecticut March 4, 1799  
March 1817 March 1830 Thomas Newton, Jr. Democratic-Republican;
Adams
Virginia March 4, 1801 Henry Clay (DR-KY) – 1817, 1819
John W. Taylor (DR-NY) – 1820
Philip Pendleton Barbour (DR-VA) – 1821
Henry Clay (DR-KY) – 1823
John W. Taylor (NR-NY) – 1825
Andrew Stevenson (D-VA) – 1827, 1829
March 1830 March 1833 William McCoy Jacksonian Virginia March 4, 1811 Andrew Stevenson (D-VA) – 1831
March 1833 February 1842 Lewis Williams[upper-alpha 2] National Republican;
Whig; Democratic
North Carolina March 4, 1815 Andrew Stevenson (D-VA) – 1833
John Bell (W-TN) – 1834
James K. Polk (D-TN) – 1835, 1837
Robert M. T. Hunter (W-VA) – 1839
John White (W-KY) – 1841
February 1842 March 1843 Horace Everett[upper-alpha 3] Whig Vermont March 4, 1829 John Winston Jones (D-VA) – 1843
April 1844 Dixon H. Lewis Democratic Alabama
April 1844 February 1848 John Quincy Adams[upper-alpha 3] Whig Massachusetts March 4, 1831 John Wesley Davis (D-IN) – 1845
Robert Charles Winthrop (W-MA) – 1847
March 1849 James I. McKay Democratic North Carolina
March 1849 March 1855 Linn Boyd[upper-alpha 5] Democratic Kentucky March 4, 1839 Howell Cobb (D-GA) – 1849
Linn Boyd (D-KY) – 1851, 1853
March 1855 March 1859 Joshua Reed Giddings Republican Ohio May 5, 1842 Nathaniel Prentice Banks (A-MA) – 1856
James Lawrence Orr (D-SC) – 1857
March 1859 March 1863 John S. Phelps Democratic Missouri March 4, 1845 William Pennington (R-NJ) – 1860
Galusha A. Grow (R-PA) – 1861
March 1863 March 1869 Elihu B. Washburne Republican Illinois March 4, 1853 Schuyler Colfax (R-IN) – 1863, 1865, 1867
Theodore Medad Pomeroy (R-NY) – 1869
March 1869 March 1875 Henry L. Dawes Republican Massachusetts March 4, 1857 James G. Blaine (R-ME) – 1869, 1871, 1873
Joseph H. Rainey (R-SC) – 1874
James G. Blaine (R-ME) – 1874
March 1875 January 1890 William D. Kelley[upper-alpha 2] Republican Pennsylvania March 4, 1861 Michael C. Kerr (D-IN) – 1875
Samuel J. Randall (D-PA) – 1876, 1877, 1879
J. Warren Keifer (R-OH) – 1881
John Griffin Carlisle (D-KY) – 1883, 1885, 1887
Thomas Brackett Reed (R-ME) – 1889
January 1890 April 1890 Samuel J. Randall[upper-alpha 2] Democratic Pennsylvania March 4, 1863  
April 1890 March 1891 Joseph G. Cannon[upper-alpha 3] Republican Illinois March 4, 1873 Charles Frederick Crisp (D-GA) – 1891, 1893
March 1892 Roger Q. Mills[upper-alpha 3] Democratic Texas
March 1893 James H. Blount[upper-alpha 3] Democratic Georgia
March 1895 Richard P. Bland Democratic Missouri
March 1895 March 1897 David B. Culberson Democratic Texas March 4, 1875 Thomas Brackett Reed (R-ME) – 1895
March 1897 September 1899 Thomas Brackett Reed[upper-alpha 6] Republican Maine March 4, 1877 Thomas Brackett Reed (R-ME) – 1897
September 1899 March 1912 Henry H. Bingham[upper-alpha 2] Republican Pennsylvania March 4, 1879 David B. Henderson (R-IA) – 1899, 1901
Joseph Gurney Cannon (R-IL) – 1903, 1905, 1907, 1909
Champ Clark (D-MO) – 1911
March 1912 March 1913 John Dalzell Republican Pennsylvania March 4, 1887
March 1913 December 1914 Sereno E. Payne[upper-alpha 2] Republican New York March 4, 1889 Champ Clark (D-MO) – 1913
December 1914 April 1918 William A. Jones[upper-alpha 2] Democratic Virginia March 4, 1891 Champ Clark (D-MO) – 1915, 1917
April 1918 March 1919 Henry Allen Cooper[upper-alpha 2][upper-alpha 3] Republican Wisconsin March 4, 1893 Frederick H. Gillett (R-MA) – 1919, 1921, 1923
March 1925 Frederick H. Gillett[upper-alpha 7] Republican Massachusetts
March 1925 May 1928 Thomas S. Butler[upper-alpha 2] Republican Pennsylvania March 4, 1897 Nicholas Longworth (R-OH) – 1925, 1927
May 1928 March 1933 Gilbert N. Haugen Republican Iowa March 4, 1899 Nicholas Longworth (R-OH) – 1929
John Nance Garner (D-TX) – 1931
March 1933 April 1934 Edward W. Pou[upper-alpha 2] Democratic North Carolina March 4, 1901 Henry T. Rainey (D-IL) – 1933
April 1934 November 1952 Adolph J. Sabath[upper-alpha 2] Democratic Illinois March 4, 1907 Joseph W. Byrns (D-TN) – 1935
William B. Bankhead (D-AL) – 1936, 1937, 1939
Sam Rayburn (D-TX) – 1940, 1941, 1943, 1945
Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (R-MA) – 1947
Sam Rayburn (D-TX) – 1949, 1951
November 1952 January 1953 Robert L. Doughton Democratic North Carolina March 4, 1911  
January 1953 November 1961 Sam Rayburn[upper-alpha 8][upper-alpha 2] Democratic Texas March 4, 1913 Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (R-MA) – 1953
Sam Rayburn (D-TX) – 1955, 1957, 1959, 1961
November 1961 January 1965 Carl Vinson[upper-alpha 9] Democratic Georgia November 3, 1914 John W. McCormack (D-MA) – 1962, 1963
January 1965 January 1973 Emanuel Celler Democratic New York March 4, 1923 John W. McCormack (D-MA) – 1965, 1967, 1969
Carl Albert (D-OK) – 1971
January 1973 March 1976 Wright Patman[upper-alpha 2] Democratic Texas March 4, 1929 Carl Albert (D-OK) – 1973, 1975
March 1976 January 1979 George H. Mahon Democratic Texas January 3, 1935 Tip O'Neill (D-MA) – 1977
January 1979 January 1995 Jamie L. Whitten[upper-alpha 9] Democratic Mississippi November 4, 1941 Tip O'Neill (D-MA) – 1979, 1981, 1983, 1985
Jim Wright (D-TX) – 1987, 1989
Tom Foley (D-WA) – 1989, 1991, 1993
January 1995 January 2015 John Dingell[upper-alpha 10][upper-alpha 9] Democratic Michigan December 13, 1955 Newt Gingrich (R-GA) – 1995, 1997
Dennis Hastert (R-IL) – 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005
Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) – 2007, 2009
John Boehner (R-OH) – 2011, 2013
January 2015 present John Conyers Democratic Michigan January 3, 1965 John Boehner (R-OH) – 2015
Paul Ryan (R-WI) – 2015

Notes

  1. Served as Speaker 1789–1791 and 1793–1795.
  2. 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 Died in office.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Never held sole deanship due to tie.
  4. Served as Speaker 1801–1807.
  5. Previously served in House 1835–1837; Served as Speaker 1851–1855.
  6. Served as Speaker 1889–1891 and 1895–1899.
  7. Served as Speaker 1919–1925.
  8. Served as Speaker 1955–1961.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Entered House to fill unexpired term.
  10. Longest serving House member ever and held the longest deanship.

See also

References

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