Demographics of Iraq
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The Iraqi people (Arabic: العراقيون, Kurdish: گهلی عیراق, Syriac: ܥܡܐ ܥܝܪܩܝܐ, Turkish: Iraklılar) are people identified with the country of Iraq.[1]
Iraqi Arabs are the largest Semitic people in Iraq, while Kurds are the largest Indo-European, non-Semitic ethnic group and largest ethnic minority. Iraqi Turkmen are the third largest ethnic group in the country.[2][3] Studies indicate that the different ethno-religious groups of Iraq and Mesopotamia share significant similarities in genetics and that Iraqi Arabs, who make up the majority of Iraqis, are genetically distinct from other Arab populations in the Arabs of the Arabian peninsula.[4][5]
The population was estimated to be 39,650,145 in 2021 (residing in Iraq) [6] with most of the population being Shia Arabs (15 million), Sunni Arabs (9 million), followed by Sunni Kurds (4.7 million), Turkmen (3 million), Assyrians and Armenians (0.5 million), Afro-Iraqis (1 million), Yazidis (500,000) and Shabaks (250,000). Other minorities include Mandeans (3,000), Roma (50,000) and Circassians (2,000).[7] The most spoken languages are Mesopotamian Arabic, Kurdish, Syriac and Iraqi Turkmen dialects. The percentages of different ethno-religious groups residing in Iraq vary from source to source due to the last Iraqi census having taken place over 30 years ago. A new census of Iraq is planned to take place in 2020.[8]
Contents
- 1 Background
- 2 Population
- 3 Vital statistics
- 4 Ethnic and religious groups
- 5 Languages
- 6 Religions
- 7 Demographic statistics
- 7.1 Age structure
- 7.2 Ethnic groups
- 7.3 Languages
- 7.4 Median age
- 7.5 Population growth rate
- 7.6 Crude birth rate
- 7.7 Crude death rate
- 7.8 Total fertility rate
- 7.9 Net migration rate
- 7.10 Urbanization
- 7.11 Sex ratio
- 7.12 Maternal mortality rate
- 7.13 Infant mortality rate
- 7.14 Life expectancy at birth
- 7.15 Contraceptive prevalence rate
- 7.16 Health expenditures
- 7.17 Physicians density
- 7.18 Hospital bed density
- 7.19 Obesity – adult prevalence rate
- 7.20 Children under the age of 5 years underweight
- 7.21 Nationality
- 7.22 Literacy
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 Further reading
- 11 External links
Background
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Iraq is the region known outside the Islamic world as Mesopotamia. The population estimate in 1920 was 3 million. Almost 75% of Iraq's population lives in the flat, alluvial plain stretching southeast from Tikrit to the Persian Gulf. The Tigris and the Euphrates carry about 70 million cubic meters of silt annually from this plain down to the delta. The water from these two great rivers, and the fertility of the soil in the alluvial plain and the delta, allowed early agriculture to sustain a stable population as far back as the 7th millennium BC.
Population
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1955 | 6,502,657 | — |
| 1960 | 7,289,760 | +12.1% |
| 1965 | 8,375,790 | +14.9% |
| 1970 | 9,917,983 | +18.4% |
| 1975 | 11,684,590 | +17.8% |
| 1980 | 13,653,354 | +16.8% |
| 1985 | 15,555,800 | +13.9% |
| 1990 | 17,419,113 | +12.0% |
| 1995 | 20,149,338 | +15.7% |
| 2000 | 23,497,585 | +16.6% |
| 2005 | 26,922,284 | +14.6% |
| 2010 | 29,741,976 | +10.5% |
| 2015 | 35,572,261 | +19.6% |
| 2020 | 40,222,493 | +13.1% |
| Sources:[9] | ||
39,650,145 (2021 estimate),[10] 37,202,572 (2016 estimate),[11] up from 31,234,000 (April 2009 IMF estimate)[12]
|
5–6
4–5
3–4
2–3
|
Vital statistics
UN estimates[14]
| Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR1 | CDR1 | NC1 | TFR1 | IMR1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 325,800 | 169,000 | 156,800 | 53.3 | 27.7 | 25.7 | 7.30 | 225.0 |
| 1955–1960 | 295,200 | 137,600 | 157,600 | 42.8 | 19.9 | 22.9 | 6.20 | 170.0 |
| 1960–1965 | 342,000 | 124,400 | 217,600 | 43.7 | 15.9 | 27.8 | 6.60 | 129.0 |
| 1965–1970 | 427,400 | 121,000 | 309,000 | 46.7 | 12.9 | 33.9 | 7.40 | 91.0 |
| 1970–1975 | 472,200 | 117,600 | 354,600 | 43.7 | 10.8 | 32.9 | 7.15 | 73.0 |
| 1975–1980 | 522,000 | 118,800 | 403,200 | 41.2 | 9.4 | 31.8 | 6.80 | 57.0 |
| 1980–1985 | 569,800 | 149,400 | 420,400 | 39.0 | 10.2 | 28.8 | 6.35 | 51.0 |
| 1985–1990 | 632,000 | 129,800 | 502,200 | 38.3 | 7.9 | 30.5 | 6.09 | 44.0 |
| 1990–1995 | 698,800 | 122,000 | 576,800 | 37.2 | 6.5 | 30.7 | 5.65 | 38.0 |
| 1995–2000 | 799,000 | 125,800 | 673,200 | 36.6 | 5.8 | 30.8 | 5.19 | 37.0 |
| 2000–2005 | 879,800 | 141,600 | 738,200 | 34.9 | 5.6 | 29.3 | 4.71 | 34.0 |
| 2005–2010 | 947,400 | 163,000 | 784,400 | 33.4 | 5.8 | 27.7 | 4.40 | 32.0 |
| 2010–2015 | 1,075,000 | 169,600 | 905,400 | 32.9 | 5.2 | 27.7 | 4.25 | 28.0 |
| 2015–2020 | 1,104,000 | 181,800 | 922,200 | 29.1 | 4.8 | 24.3 | 3.68 | 24.0 |
| 2020–2025 | 1,173,200 | 199,800 | 973,400 | 27.5 | 4.7 | 22.8 | 3.45 | 21.0 |
| 1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1,000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1,000); NC = natural change (per 1,000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1,000 births | ||||||||
| Year | Population (×1,000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Rate of natural increase | TFR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 4.6 | |||||||
| 2013 | 1,077,645 | 189,118 | 888,527 | |||||
| 2014 | 36,004,552 | |||||||
| 2017 | 1,001,754 | |||||||
| 2018 | 39,846,636 | 1,087,757 | 3.6 | |||||
| 2019 | 39,127,889 | 1,053,429 | 140,621 | 912,808 | 27.6 | 4.3 | 23.3 | 3.9 |
| 2020 | 40,150,174 | 1,022,227 | 173,928 | 848,299 | 25.8 | 4.4 | 21.4 | 4.0 |
Fertility ages average in 1997–2006
| Age groups[17][18] | 1997 | 2006 |
|---|---|---|
| 15–19 | 56.2 | 68 |
| 20–24 | 210 | 187 |
| 25–29 | 276.2 | 221 |
| 30–34 | 257.9 | 188 |
| 35–39 | 196.5 | 136 |
| 40–44 | 101.4 | 56 |
| 45–49 | 31 | 9 |
| Total | 1,128.2 | 865 |
| TFR | 4.3 |
Life expectancy at birth
Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[19]
| Period | Life expectancy in Years |
Period | Life expectancy in Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 37.9 | 1985–1990 | 64.3 |
| 1955–1960 | 44.9 | 1990–1995 | 67.4 |
| 1960–1965 | 50.9 | 1995–2000 | 69.1 |
| 1965–1970 | 56.4 | 2000–2005 | 68.9 |
| 1970–1975 | 59.5 | 2005–2010 | 68.0 |
| 1975–1980 | 61.7 | 2010–2015 | 69.2 |
| 1980–1985 | 59.0 |
Structure of the population[15]
Structure of the population (1 July 2013) (Estimates) :
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 17,710,750 | 17,083,444 | 34,794,194 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 2,495,131 | 2,405,862 | 4,900,993 | 14.09 |
| 5–9 | 2,374,908 | 2,191,807 | 4,566,714 | 13.12 |
| 10–14 | 2,232,712 | 2,048,891 | 4,281,603 | 12.31 |
| 15–19 | 1,937,714 | 1,825,963 | 3,763,677 | 10.82 |
| 20–24 | 1,701,884 | 1,593,679 | 3,295,563 | 9.47 |
| 25–29 | 1,424,739 | 1,316,462 | 2,741,201 | 7.88 |
| 30–34 | 1,176,433 | 1,134,882 | 2,311,316 | 6.64 |
| 35–39 | 983,570 | 1,044,325 | 2,027,895 | 5.83 |
| 40–44 | 933,785 | 897,936 | 1,831,722 | 5.26 |
| 45–49 | 746,884 | 763,311 | 1,510,195 | 4.34 |
| 50–54 | 508,498 | 562,274 | 1,070,772 | 3.08 |
| 55–59 | 356,581 | 393,511 | 750,093 | 2.16 |
| 60–64 | 345,830 | 378,456 | 724,285 | 2.08 |
| 65–69 | 187,626 | 218,991 | 406,617 | 1.17 |
| 70–74 | 133,277 | 138,375 | 271,651 | 0.78 |
| 75–79 | 81,742 | 90,630 | 172,373 | 0.50 |
| 80+ | 89,436 | 78,087 | 167,523 | 0.48 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 | 8,005,327 | 7,674,802 | 15,680,129 | 39.01 |
| 15–24 | 3,976,085 | 3,829,086 | 7,805,171 | 19.24 |
| 25–54 | 6,900,984 | 6,752,797 | 13,653,781 | 33.97 |
| 55–64 | 788,602 | 839,291 | 1,627,893 | 4.05 |
| 65+ | 632,753 | 794,489 | 1,427,242 | 3.55 |
Ethnic and religious groups
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Iraq's dominant ethnic group are Arabs, who account for more than three-quarters of the population.
According to the CIA World Factbook, citing a 1987 Iraqi government estimate,[20] the population of Iraq is formed of 70% Arabs followed by 25% Kurds.[20] In addition, the estimate claims that other minorities form 5% of the country's population, including the Turkmen, Yazidis, Shabaks, Kaka'i, Bedouins, Roma, Chaldeans, Assyrians, Circassians, Sabaean-Mandaean, and Persians.[20] However, the International Crisis Group points out that figures from the 1987 census, as well as the 1967, 1977, and 1997 censuses, "are all considered highly problematic, due to suspicions of regime manipulation" because Iraqi citizens were only allowed to indicate belonging to either the Arab or Kurdish ethnic groups;[21] consequently, this skewed the number of other ethnic minorities, such as Iraq's third largest ethnic group – the Turkmen.[21]
A report published by the European Parliamentary Research Service suggests that in 2015 there was 24 million Arabs (15 million Shia and 9 million Sunni); 4 million Sunni Kurds (plus 500,000 Shia Feylis and 200,000 Kaka'i); 3 million Iraqi Turkmen; 1 million Black Iraqis; 500,000 Christians[22] (including, in alphabetical order: Arab Christians, Armenians, Assyrians, Chaldean Catholics, and Syriac Orthodox); 500,000 Yazidis; 250,000 Shabaks; 50,000 Roma; 3,000 Sabean-Mandaeans; 2,000 Circassians; 1,000 Baháʼí; and a few dozen Jews.[23]
Languages
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Arabic and Kurdish are the two official languages of Iraq. Arabic is taught across all schools in Iraq, however in the north the Kurdish language is the most spoken. Eastern Aramaic languages, such as Syriac and Mandaic are spoken, as well as the Iraqi Turkoman language, and various other indigenous languages.
Kurdish, including several dialects, is the second largest language and has regional language status in the north of the country. Aramaic, in antiquity spoken throughout the whole country, is now only spoken by the Assyrian Chaldean minority. The Iraqi Turkmen dialect is spoken in northern Iraq (particularly in the Turkmeneli region) and numerous languages of the Caucasus are also spoken by minorities, notably the Chechen community.
Religions
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Religion in Iraq (est. 2003)
According to the CIA World Factbook, 98-99% of Iraqis follow Islam: 64-69% Shia and 29-34% Sunni. 5% of Muslims in Iraq describe themselves as "Just a Muslim".[25] Christianity accounts for 1–2%, and the rest practice Yazidis, Mandaeism, and other religions.
While there has been voluntary relocation of many Christian families to northern Iraq, recent reporting indicates that the overall Christian population may have dropped by as much as 50 percent since the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003, with many fleeing to Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon (2010 estimate).[20] The percentage of Christians has fallen from 6% in 1991 or 1.5 million to about one third of this. Estimates say there are 500,000 Christians in Iraq.[26]
Nearly all Iraqi Kurds identify as Sunni Muslims. A survey in Iraq concluded that "98% of Kurds in Iraq identified themselves as Sunnis and only 2% identified as Shias".[27] The religious differences between Sunni Arabs and Sunni Kurds are small. While 98 percent of Shia Arabs believe that visiting the shrines of saints is acceptable, 71 percent of Sunni Arabs did and 59 percent of Sunni Kurds support this practice.[27] About 94 percent of the population in Iraqi Kurdistan is Muslim.[28]
Demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[29]
Age structure
- 0–14 years: 39.01% (male 8,005,327/female 7,674,802)
- 15-24 years: 19.42% (male 3,976,085/female 3,829,086)
- 25-54 years: 33.97% (male 6,900,984/female 6,752,797)
- 55-64 years: 4.05% (male 788,602/female 839,291)
- 65 years and over: 3.55% (male 632,753/female 794,489) (2018 est.)
Ethnic groups
Languages
- Arabic (official)
- Kurdish (official)
- Iraqi Turkmen dialect (official only in majority speaking area)
- Assyrian dialect (Neo-Aramaic) (official only in majority speaking area)
Median age
- total: 20.2 years
- male: 20 years
- female: 20.5 years (2019 est.)
Population growth rate
- 2.5% (2018 est.)
Crude birth rate
- 30 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Crude death rate
- 3.8 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Total fertility rate
- 3.94 children born/woman (2018 est.)
Net migration rate
- −1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Urbanization
- urban population: 70.5% of total population (2018)
- rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
- 0–14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
- 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
- 25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
- 55–64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
- total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
Maternal mortality rate
- 50 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
Infant mortality rate
- total population: 37.5 deaths/1,000 live births
- male: 40.6 deaths/1,000 live births
- female: 34.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 74.9 years
- male: 72.6 years
- female: 77.2 years (2018 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
- 51.5% (2011)
Health expenditures
- 5.5% of GDP (2011)
Physicians density
- 0.85 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
Hospital bed density
- 1.4 beds/1,000 population (2014)
Obesity – adult prevalence rate
- 30.4% (2016)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
- 8.5% (2011)
Nationality
- noun: Iraqi(s)
- adjective: Iraqi
Literacy
- definition: age 15 and over can read and write
- total population: 79.7%
- male: 85.7%
- female: 73.7% (2015 est.)
See also
References
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- ↑ World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm
- ↑ https://www.unicef.org/iraq/media/481/file
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.childinfo.org/files/MICS3_Iraq_FinalReport_2006_eng.pdf
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ CIA Factbook
- ↑ https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iraq/
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/08/20/who-are-the-iraqi-kurds/
- ↑ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/stephen-mansfield/religious-neutrality-iraqi-kurdistan_b_1587042.html
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Further reading
- Zubaida, Sami. "Jews & Others in Iraq." ISIM review 22 (2008): 6–7.
External links
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