Disulfur dioxide
Names | |
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Other names
disulfur(II)oxide
SO dimer |
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Identifiers | |
126885-21-0 [1] | |
Jmol 3D model | Interactive image |
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Properties | |
S2O2 | |
Molar mass | 96.1299 g/mol |
Appearance | gas |
Structure | |
bent | |
Vapor pressure | {{{value}}} |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds
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tetrasulfur SO, S3O S2O |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references | |
Disulfur dioxide, dimeric sulfur monoxide or SO dimer is an oxide of sulfur.[2] The molecule is unstable with a lifetime of a few seconds.[3] It is an asymmetric top molecule.[1] The molecule adopts cis-planar structure with C2v symmetry with the two sulfur atoms joined.[4] The shape is the same as the tetrasulfur molecule S4.[4] The S-O bond length is 145.8 pm, shorter than in the sulfur monoxide monomer, and the S-S bond length is 202.45 pm. The OSS angle is 112.7°. S2O2 has a dipole moment of 3.17 D.[5]
Contents
Formation
Sulfur monoxide (SO) converts to disulfur dioxide (S2O2) spontaneously and reversibly.[5] So the substance can be generated by methods that produce sulfur monoxide. Disulfur dioxide has also been formed by an electric discharge in sulfur dioxide.[4] Another laboratory procedure is to react oxygen atoms with carbon oxysulfide or carbon disulfide vapour.[6]
Although elemental sulfur and sulfur dioxide do not combine, the exotic species atomic sulfur is extremely reactive and combines spontaneously with sulfur dioxide to form sulfur monoxide, the intermediate molecule formed is disulfur dioxide:[7]
- S + SO2 → S2O2
- S2O2 ⇌ 2SO
Disulfur dioxide is also produced upon a microwave discharge in sulfur dioxide diluted in helium.[8] At a pressure of 0.1 mm Hg,five percent of the result is S2O2.[9]
Disulfur dioxide is formed transiently when hydrogen sulfide and oxygen undergo flash photolysis.[10]
At one time burning sulfur was thought to make the molecule based on the ultraviolet spectrum.[11]
Properties
The ionisation energy of disulfur dioxide is 9.93±0.02 eV.[6]
Reactions
Although disulfur dioxide exists in equilibrium with sulfur monoxide, it also reacts with sulfur monoxide to form sulfur dioxide and disulfur monoxide.[8][12]
Complexes
S2O2 can be a ligand with transition metals. It binds in the η2-S,S' position with both sulfur atoms linked to the metal atom.[13] This was first shown in 2003. The bis-(trimethylphosphine) thiirane S-oxide complex of platinum, when heated in toluene at 110 °C loses ethylene, and forms a complex with S2O2: (Ph3P)2PtS2O2.[14] Iridium atoms can also form a complex: cis-[(dppe)2IrS2]Cl with sodium periodate oxidises to [(dppe)2IrS2O] and then to [(dppe)2IrS2O2], with dppe being 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane.[15][16] This substance has the S2O2 in a cis position. The same conditions can make a trans complex, but this contains two separate SO radicals instead. The iridium complex can be decomposed with triphenyl phosphine to form triphenyl phosphine oxide, and triphenyl phosphine sulfide.[15]
A S2O2 macrocycle has nothing to do with this molecule, this is a larger organic ring molecule with sulfur and oxygen atoms positioned to be ligands for a metal ion, for example 5,8-dioxa-2,11-dithia-[12]-o-cyclophane.[17]
Anion
The S2O2− anion has been made in the gas phase, and may in fact have the trigonal shape with a sulfur atom attached to two oxygens and one other sulfur atom.[18]
Spectrum
Microwave
Transition | Frequency MHz[4] |
---|---|
21,1−20,2 | 11013.840 |
41,3−40,4 | 14081.640 |
11,1−00,0 | 15717.946 |
40,4−31,3 | 16714.167 |
31,3−20,2 | 26342.817 |
42,2−41,3 | 26553.915 |
22,0−21,1 | 28493.046 |
60,6−51,5 | 30629.283 |
52,4−51,5 | 35295.199 |
51,5−40,4 | 35794.527 |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Spectroscopic studies of the SO2 discharge system. II. Microwave spectrum of the SO dimer Lovas F. J., Tiemann E., Johnson D.R. The Journal of Chemical Physics (1974), 60, 12, 5005-5010 doi:10.1063/1.1681015
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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