East Bodish languages
| East Bodish | |
|---|---|
| Ethnicity: | Monpa people etc. |
| Geographic distribution: |
Bhutan |
| Linguistic classification: | Sino-Tibetan
|
|
|
|
| Glottolog: | east1469 |
The East Bodish languages are a small group of non-Tibetic Bodish languages spoken in eastern Bhutan and adjacent areas of Tibet and India. They include:
George van Driem initially proposed that 'Ole belonged to the group, but later decided that it belonged to a group of its own.[1]
Although the East Bodish languages are closely related, Tshangla and related languages of eastern Bhutan, also called "Monpa" and predating Dzongkha, form a sister branch not to the East Bodish group, but to its parent Bodish branch.[2][3] Thus the ambiguous term "Monpa" risks separating languages that should be grouped together, whereas grouping languages together that are quite distinct.[4] Zakhring is apparently also related, though strongly influenced by Miju or a similar language.[5]
Internal classification
Hyslop (2010) classifies the East Bodish languages as follows.
- East Bodish
- Dakpa–Dzala
- (unnamed branch)
She regards the Dakpa–Dzala and Bumthangic subgroups as secure, and the placement of Phobjip and Chali as more tentative.[6]
Lu (2002) divides the "Menba language" (门巴语) into the following subdivisions.[7] The southern dialect is most likely Tawang Monpa.
- Southern 南部方言: 30,000 speakers
- Mama dialect 麻玛土语: Mama Township 麻玛乡 (or 麻麻乡), Lebu District 勒布区, Cona County, Lhoka (Shannan) Prefecture, Tibet
- Dawang dialect 达旺土语: Dawang Township 达旺镇, Mendawang District 门达旺地区, Cona County, Lhoka (Shannan) Prefecture, Tibet
- Northern 北部方言: 5,000 speakers
- Wenlang dialect 文浪土语: Wenlang Township 文浪乡, Dexing District 德兴区, Mêdog County, Nyingchi Prefecture, Tibet
- Banjin dialect 邦金土语: Bangjin District 邦金地区, Mêdog County, Nyingchi Prefecture, Tibet
References
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